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Nail Fundamentals > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a standard Manicure table typically have:(2)

A

Drawer for storing implements

Shelf for storing professional products

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2
Q

What are the dimensions of a basic manicure table?(2)

A

36-48” long

Width of 16-21”

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3
Q

What kind of bulb should an adjustable lamp have?(2)

A

40-60 watt

Incandescent or florescent bulb

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4
Q

What kind of bulb is preferred for an adjustable lamp and why ?(3)

A

Florescent bulb

Emit cooler/natural light showing true color

Also do not heat up objects underneath

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5
Q

Why don’t nail techs like incandescent bulbs?(3)

A

Heat up

Increases the curing process of nail enhancement products

Can cause cracking and lifting.

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6
Q

What are important recommendations for a nail techs chair? (7)

A

Ergonomics

Comfort

Durability

Resistance to staining

Ease of cleaning

Wheels for mobility

Hydraulics for adjusting height

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7
Q

What is important for the clients chair?(5)

A

Durable

Comfort

Have no or low arms so it can come closer to the table

Comfortable back

No wheels; avoid accidents with elderly or weak

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8
Q

Finger bowl :(2)

A

Soak clients fingers in warm water to soften skin and cuticles

Should be durable and easy to clean

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9
Q

Disinfection container:(3)

A

Big enough to hold sufficient liquid and to fully submerge implements

If its not big enough to fully submerge it cannot be used in professional salons

Must be closed to prevent contamination and evaporation

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10
Q

Clients arm cushion:(3)

A

8-12 inches

Can be cleaned

Comfortable for clients

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11
Q

Gauze and cotton wipe container:(4)

A

Cotton

Lint free wipes

Gauze

Has lid to protect from dust/contamination.

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12
Q

Covered trash container:(3)

A

Emptied at least at the end of each day

Disinfected often

Lid to prevent excess odors and vapors

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13
Q

Supply tray:(2)

A

Holds product, helping to carry to station

Should be sturdy and easy to clean after each client

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14
Q

Electric nail polish dryer:(2)

A

Shortens time it takes for nail polish to dry

Heater and fans speed up evaporation of solvents speeding up hardening

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15
Q

UV or LED lights:(1)

A

Light units designed to cure polish containing UVA sensitive ingredients

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16
Q

Autoclave :(2)

A

Uses high pressure steam and pressure to kill microorganisms and their spores

Used to sterilize

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17
Q

How hot does an autoclave need to be and for how long?(2)

A

250F/120C

For 15 mins

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18
Q

How often should you do a spore test on an autoclave:(1)

A

Every 30 days.

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19
Q

Electric hand/ foot mitts(2)

A

To add special treatment to service

Allows conditioning ingredients to penetrate

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20
Q

Terry cloth mitts

A

Placed on after penetrating products have been applied

Often used with paraffin to maintain heat for longer.

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21
Q

Paraffin Treatment:

A

Has an automatic thermostat to maintain paraffin at ideal temperature.

Enhances moisture.

Add on service

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22
Q

What must you do when using a paraffin tub:

A

Must be removed for single use to avoid contamination.

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23
Q

Ventilation system:(1)

A

Used to protect nail techs from over exposure

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24
Q

What are local source capture ventilation systems;(2)

A

Capture vapors and dust at the source

Remove them from the air before they have the chance to escape into salon.

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25
Q

Are fans and open windows an effective ventilation system:(2)

A

No they circulate vapors and dusts around room

Push them closer to ground where clients are more likely to inhale them.

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26
Q

Multi-use implements :(4)

A

Metal pusher

Nail nippers / cuticle nippers

Tweezers

Nail clippers

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27
Q

Metal Pushers:(2)

A

Used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from nail plate

Must be used gently so it doesn’t cause damage to matrix or nail plate.

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28
Q

Nail nippers/Cuticle nippers:(2)

A

Used to carefully trim away dead skin around nails

Never used to cut, tear or rip live tissue

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29
Q

tweezers:(4)

A

Used to lift small debris from nail plate

Retrieve or place nail art

Removing implements from disinfectant

And much more

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30
Q

Nail clippers:(1)

A

Shorten free edge quickly

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31
Q

Single use implements:(4)

A

Brushes and applicators

Wooden pusher

Nail brushes

Disposable product application products.

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32
Q

Coarse grit abrasive:(2)

A

100 or less grit

Generally not used on natural nail

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33
Q

Medium Grit Abrasive:(3)

A

150-180

To smooth and refine surfaces

To shorten and shape natural nail

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34
Q

Fine grit abrasive:(2)

A

240 and higher

Designed for buffing, polishing and removing fine scratches

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35
Q

Soap: (3)

A

Acts as an infection control tool during pre-service

Known to remove over 90% of pathogenic microbes and debris

Liquid soap recommended- bar sop harbors bacteria

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36
Q

Polish Remover:(3)

A

Dissolve and remove polish

Acetone and non-acetone

Both may contain additional ingredients such as aloe, vitamin E, or oils to prevent drying

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37
Q

Nail creams, lotions and oils:(3)

A

1 product that should be sold to clients

Designed to soften dry skin around nail

Especially on brittle dry nails

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38
Q

Nail Creams:(2)

A

Barrier products

Designed to seal surface of skin around nails and hold in subdermal moisture

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39
Q

Nail Oils:(2)

A

Designed to be absorbed into nail plate to increase flexibility

And surrounding skin to soften and moisturize

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40
Q

Acetone:(3)

A

Colorless, flammable liquid

Miscible with water

Sweet odor

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41
Q

Cuticle removers:(2)

A

Designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue on nail plate

Can be more easily and thoroughly removed

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42
Q

Where and why should cuticle remover not be used:(2)

A

Living skin of the eponychium

These products have a high pH and irritating to the skin

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43
Q

What happens with overexposure of cuticle removers on eponychium:(2)

A

Live skin and eponychium dryness

And hangnails.

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44
Q

Polish:(2)

A

Solvent-based color film

Evry polish has acrylic in it allowing it to harden to the shape of the nail

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45
Q

Gel polish:(4)

A

Form of nail color that does not dry due to exposure to air

Cures under UV/LED lights

Addresses smudging clients experience after service

Developed for natural nails, but also used on enhancements

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46
Q

Hybrid gels:(3)

A

Durability and gloss of gels

Removed with nail polish

Applied like traditional polishes

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47
Q

Base coat:(3)

A

Colorless layer

Promotes adhesion of polish

Reduces potential yellow staining/discoloration on natural nail

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48
Q

How base coat works:(2)

A

Contains solvents deigned to evaporate, and contains adhesive

After evaporation a sticky adhesion- promoting layer is left behind for color layer.

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49
Q

Nail hardener:(2)

A

Used to improve surface hardness and durability of weak/thin nails

Prevent splitting/peeling can be applied before base coat or after topcoat

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50
Q

Protein Hardener:(3)

A

Combo of clear polish and protein- collagen

Hard clear coating on surface but does not effect natural nail plate

Protein has large molecules that cannot be absorbed into nail plate.

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51
Q

What ingredient is in Nail Hardeners (3)

A

Methylene Glycol

or cross links between keratin that make up natural nail

Makes plates stiffer and more resistant to bending and breaking

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52
Q

How often are nail hardeners applied:(2)

A

As manufacturer states

Every day until goal is reached then stopped until needed again

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53
Q

Topcoat:(2)

A

Applied over colored polish to prevent chipping and to add shine/matte.

Works through evaporation

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54
Q

Main Ingredient of Topcoat(2)

A

Methacrylic

Cellulose type film formers

55
Q

Fast dry topcoats:(2)

A

Same ingredients with a different ratio

Higher level of solvents that evaporate quickly

56
Q

Nail Polish Dryer Products:(1)

A

Promote rapid drying by pulling solvents from polish causing color to form faster

57
Q

Hand Creams and lotions (4)

A

Add finishing touch to manicure

Designed to be barriers on skin to help retain natural moistures or contain penetrating ingredients.

Makes skin less prone to dryness

Lotion penetrates more than creams

58
Q

Nail conditioners (3)

A

Contain ingredients to reduce brittleness of nail

Especially useful at night before bed

Oils lotions and creams

59
Q

Sunscreens:(1)

A

Ingredients that protect the skin

60
Q

Three part manicure procedure (3)

A

Pre-service procedure

Service procedure

Post-service procedure

61
Q

Pre-service procedure:(3)

A

Organized, step-by-step plan for cleaning and disinfecting tools, implements and materials

Setting up table

Client care

62
Q

Service procedure:(1)

A

Plan for accomplishing actual service

63
Q

Post-service procedure:(3)

A

Plan for caring for client after procedure

Outlines how to help client schedule and pay

How to prepare for next client

64
Q

5 massage movements:

A

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Vibration

Friction

65
Q

Effleurage: (2)

A

Succession of strokes

Hands glide over area of the body with varying pressure and contact

66
Q

Petrissage:(1)

A

Kneading, lifting, squeezing and pressing tissue

67
Q

Tapotement:(1)

A

Rapid tapping/striking motion of hands against skin

68
Q

Vibration:(1)

A

Continuous trembling or shaking movement applied by the hand without leaving contact

69
Q

Friction:(3)

A

Various strokes manipulating/ placid one layer of skin over another

Hands placed on arms with bingers in opposite directions, gently twisting

Wringing out a wash cloth movement

70
Q

Spa manicures (2))

A

Step beyond with added specialty, techniques and skin treatments

Extensive knowledge of nail and skin care

71
Q

What can be involved in a spa manicure: (6)

A

Pampering and target specific results with skincare based methods

Massage

Exfoliations

paraffin

Stone massage

Hot towels

72
Q

Spa manicure names:(2)

A

Can have fun names – rose manicure with rose based products

Can have direct names- the anti-aging manicure

73
Q

Pedicure station:(2)

A

Comfy chair with arm rest and foot rest for client

Ergonomic chair for the tech

74
Q

Pedicure stool and foot rest (2)

A

Posture is important for proper ergonomics

Stool is usually low

75
Q

Types of pedicure foot baths:(2)

A

Basic basin to an automatic bath

Must be large enough to immerse feet comfortably

76
Q

Pedicure carts:(4)

A

Keeps supplies organized

Hard flat surface on top for implements and in-service supplies

Drawers for storage

Wheels for mobility

77
Q

Pre-cautions of paraffin on feet:(5)

A

Patients with chronic illness such as diabetes

Elderly clients

Lesions or abrasions

Poor circulation

Loss of feeling

78
Q

Toenail clippers:(2)

A

Larger than finger clippers

Professional clippers have a wider spaced jaw for thicker nails

79
Q

Toenail nippers/cuticle nippers:(1)

A

Similar to finger nipper, just designed specifically to toes

80
Q

Curette:(4)

A

Small scoop shape at end

Allows removal of debris from nail folds, eponychium and hyponychium

Require gentle maneuvers to prevent damage

Only use curettes with dull edges to avoid injury

81
Q

Nail rasp:(2)

A

Metal file used in a specific fashion

Helpful for ingrowns

82
Q

Pedicure nail file: (2)

A

Medium grit file works best

Always finish with fine grit to seal edges

83
Q

Foot file;(3)

A

Designed to reduce and smooth thicker foot calluses

Comes in many different grits and shapes

Must be thoroughly disinfected if not disposed

84
Q

Toe Seperators:(2)

A

Keep toes apart while polishing

Single use

85
Q

Pedicure slippers:(1)

A

Provided for clients who did not wear open toe shoes

86
Q

Gloves:(3)

A

Protect hand from chemicals

Overexposure can cause dryness and cracking

Protects from pathogens that may be present

87
Q

Foot soaks:(4)

A

Product added to water to soften skin

Gentle but effective

Thoroughly cleans and deodorizes

Sets stage for rest of pedicure

88
Q

Exfoliating scrub:(3)

A

Massage on foot and leg to remove dry, flakey skin, and reduces calluses

Usually water-based containing and abrasive

Also contains moisturizers that help condition

89
Q

Foot Mask:(2)

A

Concentrated treatment composed beneficial ingredients

Remain on for 5-10 minutes

90
Q

Foot lotion or cream:(5)

A

Condition and moisturize

Soften calluses

Provide slip for massage

Home care products

Some lotions in medical settings provide treatment for specific conditions

91
Q

Callus softener (4)

A

Designed to soften and smooth thicken calluses

Applied directly to calluses and left on for a short period of time

Allows callus to be easily reduced

Improper use can highly damaging and cause injury

92
Q

What is the purpose of calluses:(2)

A

Protect underlying skin from irritation

Protect feet in stress areas

93
Q

Basic Manicure procedures: (11)

A

Remove polish and inspect nails

File and shape nails based on client consultation

Soften the eponychium and cuticle

Clean the nail surfaces

Dry hands with a clean towel

Apply cuticle remover

Use implement to gently push and lift cuticle tissue from each nail plate

Use sharp nippers to remove any loosely hanging tags

Carefully clean under free edge

Brush hand to remove bits of debris and product

Repeat 5-10

94
Q

What electric files are used in salons and why this kind: (1)

A

Micromotor machines because the motor is located in the hand piece

95
Q

Rpm speed:(3)

A

Revolutions per minute

Vary between 0- 35 000 RPM

Electric files very between 5000- 35 000

96
Q

Torque:(2)

A

Power of the machine or its ability to keep turning while you are applying pressure during filing

Machines with high torque can accomplish more at slower speeds

97
Q

Describe the micromotor machine:(2)

A

Motor is in hand piece

The box is the transformer that plugs into the wall

98
Q

Concentric bits:(2)

A

Balanced bits that do. Not wobble or vibrate

Avoids damage to hand piece and client

99
Q

Grit for efiles:(2)

A

Measured by number of abrasive particles per square inch

Coarser the grit the lower the number will be, and the bigger the particle

100
Q

Shank standard size (1)

A

Standard size for nail machines are 3/32

101
Q

Diamond bits: (4)

A

Made from naturel and synthetic diamond particles adhered to metal surface

Grits range from extra fine to extra coarse- most common is medium

Vary in size, shape, quality and price

Chip surface of product and can be used in back-and- forth motion

102
Q

Carbide bits:(4)

A

Carbide metals

Different shapes, size, grits

Grooves called flutes

Can remove gel from enhancements, and prep product for maintenance service.

103
Q

What are flutes:(4)

A

Grooves on a carbide nail bit

Shave the surface f the product as they file, reducing dust

Wider=coarser

Closer=finer

104
Q

Swiss carbide bits:(2)

A

Made in switzerland

Have rounded ends for safety

105
Q

Silicone bits:(4)

A

Feel like pencil erasers

Grit ranges from coarse to fine

Lightly skin the surface to remove excess non-living cuticle/ to shine natural nail

Medium grit is best on natural nails

106
Q

Natural- Chamois, cotton, and goat hair bits:(2)

A

used to apply buffing creams and buff natural nail, and enhancements

Goat hair- great for removing dust/powder from skin

107
Q

Tapered barrel bits: (4)

A

Shorter, cone shaped fine bit

Designed with flat top

Used to shape the top surface of enhancements on short nail

And cuticle and side walls

108
Q

French fill bits: (3)

A

Designed to use sideways to carve V into smile line during pink&white backfill

Made in diamond style only

Several sizes

109
Q

Natural nail discs: (3)

A

Diamond surface

Used flat on tip of the nail to shorten and shape free edge

Outer edge made of plastic or metal acting as safety edge

110
Q

Pedicure bits: (4)

A

Usually cone shaped made of diamond or sapphire material

Smoothing and contouring dry callus skin

Longer shanks and hollow centers so it doesn’t heat up too much

Rounded edges on top to use around toenail calluses

111
Q

How are pedicure bits properly used: (3)

A

Slow or medium speed

In one direction to avoid discomfort

Can also be used on hand calluses and difficult places on the feet

112
Q

Prepper bits ;(2)

A

Various bits- fine grit on natural nail

To prep nail at cuticle area

113
Q

Mandrels: (3)

A

Metal or rubber bits

Inserted into hand piece

Sanding and arbor bits are placed on mandrel

114
Q

sanding and arbor bands:(3)

A

One use only paper bits that slip onto mandrel

Made of abrasive paper that cannot be disinfected

Used for shortening and shaping top surface of nails and removing gel sealant

115
Q

Warnings for sanding and arbor bands:(4)

A

Should NOT be used on naturel nail

Generate high heat and dust

Dust particles are very small, enter breathing zone and stay airborne longer

Shouldn’t use without dust extractor system

116
Q

Jewlery and specialty bits: (3)

A

Long slender carbide bit configured to drill a hole into free edge of enhancement to attach nail jewelry

Only used on extended free edge

Other bits have a small carbide/diamond ball on the end to crave designs

117
Q

Natural nail work with an E-file (3)

A

Never use metal bit or sanding band on the nail plate unless you have experience

Rubber synthetic bit to do nail prep gently toward cuticle

Natural nail bit to smooth surface using a low speed and holding flat

118
Q

E-filing for a pedicure; what ‘hard’ bits can be used to shorten nails, and reduce thick callus. (4)

A

Diamond

Sapphire

Stainless steel

Ruby

119
Q

E-filing for a pedicure; What bits are not recommended for this service and why (2)

A

Sanding bands or sleeves

Dust generated from this is small, cannot always be seen and remains airborne for long

120
Q

E-filing for a pedicure ; exfoliation and callus creams with bits:(2)

A

Can be used but can clog surface of the bits quickly

Rinse the area thoroughly and completely dry it- then begin e-file work

121
Q

E-filing for a pedicure ; Most effective way to use a pedicure bit:(3)

A

Using it in one direction reduces callus 70-80%

Use slowly and lift frequently to avoid it heating up

Anywhere there is callus

122
Q

Nail Resins: (2)

A

Easily cured

Used as fast acting adhesive

123
Q

Thin nail Resins: (2)

A

Thinner the viscosity the better the adhesion faster cure time

Usually used as a base

124
Q

Building resin: (2)

A

Thicker viscosity

Used to build or as a top coat

125
Q

Nail wrap: (1)

A

Any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on the nail to increase strength and durability

126
Q

Fabric wrap: (3)

A

Made from any fabric material

Silk and fiberglass are most popular- more durable

Requires regular maintenance to keep it fresh

127
Q

Silk wrap: (3)

A

Thin natural material with tight weave

Become transparent when wrap resin is applied

Lightweight with smooth appearance

128
Q
A
128
Q

Fiberglass wrap: (2)

A

Very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave

Loose weave makes it easy to use and allows resin wrap to penetrate, improves adhesion

129
Q

How the wrap system is done: (3)

A

Apply resin to nail

Lay fabric over the nail and cut to size

Apply a thin coat of resin to penetrate fabric so appearance is almost invisible

130
Q

Nail wrap maintenance: (2)

A

At 2 weeks -Buffing nail and adding resin to new growth area

At 4 weeks- fabric must be laid to cover regrowth area to keep strong.

131
Q

Soak off polishes (3)

A

Soft gel that soaks off

Wide variety of colors

Soaked off with acetone or remover

132
Q

Soak off gel on natural nails application: (6)

A

Apply gel base/bonding gel and cure

Brush thin coat of gel polish over nail capping the free edge and cure. 2 coats

Apply gel topcoat and cure

Remove inhibition layer

Massage

133
Q

Removal of soak off gels and polishes: (6)

A

Medium fine grit file topcoat to allow acetone to penetrate

Soak fingers or soak a cotton ball secure it to nail by wrapping foil

Soak for about 10 minutes

Use wooden stick to ease remaining gell off nail

Buff nail to remove anything remaining, wash

Massage

Nail Fundamentals (3 decks)

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