Test #3 Flashcards
What does a standard Manicure table typically have:(2)
Drawer for storing implements
Shelf for storing professional products
What are the dimensions of a basic manicure table?(2)
36-48” long
Width of 16-21”
What kind of bulb should an adjustable lamp have?(2)
40-60 watt
Incandescent or florescent bulb
What kind of bulb is preferred for an adjustable lamp and why ?(3)
Florescent bulb
Emit cooler/natural light showing true color
Also do not heat up objects underneath
Why don’t nail techs like incandescent bulbs?(3)
Heat up
Increases the curing process of nail enhancement products
Can cause cracking and lifting.
What are important recommendations for a nail techs chair? (7)
Ergonomics
Comfort
Durability
Resistance to staining
Ease of cleaning
Wheels for mobility
Hydraulics for adjusting height
What is important for the clients chair?(5)
Durable
Comfort
Have no or low arms so it can come closer to the table
Comfortable back
No wheels; avoid accidents with elderly or weak
Finger bowl :(2)
Soak clients fingers in warm water to soften skin and cuticles
Should be durable and easy to clean
Disinfection container:(3)
Big enough to hold sufficient liquid and to fully submerge implements
If its not big enough to fully submerge it cannot be used in professional salons
Must be closed to prevent contamination and evaporation
Clients arm cushion:(3)
8-12 inches
Can be cleaned
Comfortable for clients
Gauze and cotton wipe container:(4)
Cotton
Lint free wipes
Gauze
Has lid to protect from dust/contamination.
Covered trash container:(3)
Emptied at least at the end of each day
Disinfected often
Lid to prevent excess odors and vapors
Supply tray:(2)
Holds product, helping to carry to station
Should be sturdy and easy to clean after each client
Electric nail polish dryer:(2)
Shortens time it takes for nail polish to dry
Heater and fans speed up evaporation of solvents speeding up hardening
UV or LED lights:(1)
Light units designed to cure polish containing UVA sensitive ingredients
Autoclave :(2)
Uses high pressure steam and pressure to kill microorganisms and their spores
Used to sterilize
How hot does an autoclave need to be and for how long?(2)
250F/120C
For 15 mins
How often should you do a spore test on an autoclave:(1)
Every 30 days.
Electric hand/ foot mitts(2)
To add special treatment to service
Allows conditioning ingredients to penetrate
Terry cloth mitts
Placed on after penetrating products have been applied
Often used with paraffin to maintain heat for longer.
Paraffin Treatment:
Has an automatic thermostat to maintain paraffin at ideal temperature.
Enhances moisture.
Add on service
What must you do when using a paraffin tub:
Must be removed for single use to avoid contamination.
Ventilation system:(1)
Used to protect nail techs from over exposure
What are local source capture ventilation systems;(2)
Capture vapors and dust at the source
Remove them from the air before they have the chance to escape into salon.
Are fans and open windows an effective ventilation system:(2)
No they circulate vapors and dusts around room
Push them closer to ground where clients are more likely to inhale them.
Multi-use implements :(4)
Metal pusher
Nail nippers / cuticle nippers
Tweezers
Nail clippers
Metal Pushers:(2)
Used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from nail plate
Must be used gently so it doesn’t cause damage to matrix or nail plate.
Nail nippers/Cuticle nippers:(2)
Used to carefully trim away dead skin around nails
Never used to cut, tear or rip live tissue
tweezers:(4)
Used to lift small debris from nail plate
Retrieve or place nail art
Removing implements from disinfectant
And much more
Nail clippers:(1)
Shorten free edge quickly
Single use implements:(4)
Brushes and applicators
Wooden pusher
Nail brushes
Disposable product application products.
Coarse grit abrasive:(2)
100 or less grit
Generally not used on natural nail
Medium Grit Abrasive:(3)
150-180
To smooth and refine surfaces
To shorten and shape natural nail
Fine grit abrasive:(2)
240 and higher
Designed for buffing, polishing and removing fine scratches
Soap: (3)
Acts as an infection control tool during pre-service
Known to remove over 90% of pathogenic microbes and debris
Liquid soap recommended- bar sop harbors bacteria
Polish Remover:(3)
Dissolve and remove polish
Acetone and non-acetone
Both may contain additional ingredients such as aloe, vitamin E, or oils to prevent drying
Nail creams, lotions and oils:(3)
1 product that should be sold to clients
Designed to soften dry skin around nail
Especially on brittle dry nails
Nail Creams:(2)
Barrier products
Designed to seal surface of skin around nails and hold in subdermal moisture
Nail Oils:(2)
Designed to be absorbed into nail plate to increase flexibility
And surrounding skin to soften and moisturize
Acetone:(3)
Colorless, flammable liquid
Miscible with water
Sweet odor
Cuticle removers:(2)
Designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue on nail plate
Can be more easily and thoroughly removed
Where and why should cuticle remover not be used:(2)
Living skin of the eponychium
These products have a high pH and irritating to the skin
What happens with overexposure of cuticle removers on eponychium:(2)
Live skin and eponychium dryness
And hangnails.
Polish:(2)
Solvent-based color film
Evry polish has acrylic in it allowing it to harden to the shape of the nail
Gel polish:(4)
Form of nail color that does not dry due to exposure to air
Cures under UV/LED lights
Addresses smudging clients experience after service
Developed for natural nails, but also used on enhancements
Hybrid gels:(3)
Durability and gloss of gels
Removed with nail polish
Applied like traditional polishes
Base coat:(3)
Colorless layer
Promotes adhesion of polish
Reduces potential yellow staining/discoloration on natural nail
How base coat works:(2)
Contains solvents deigned to evaporate, and contains adhesive
After evaporation a sticky adhesion- promoting layer is left behind for color layer.
Nail hardener:(2)
Used to improve surface hardness and durability of weak/thin nails
Prevent splitting/peeling can be applied before base coat or after topcoat
Protein Hardener:(3)
Combo of clear polish and protein- collagen
Hard clear coating on surface but does not effect natural nail plate
Protein has large molecules that cannot be absorbed into nail plate.
What ingredient is in Nail Hardeners (3)
Methylene Glycol
or cross links between keratin that make up natural nail
Makes plates stiffer and more resistant to bending and breaking
How often are nail hardeners applied:(2)
As manufacturer states
Every day until goal is reached then stopped until needed again
Topcoat:(2)
Applied over colored polish to prevent chipping and to add shine/matte.
Works through evaporation
Main Ingredient of Topcoat(2)
Methacrylic
Cellulose type film formers
Fast dry topcoats:(2)
Same ingredients with a different ratio
Higher level of solvents that evaporate quickly
Nail Polish Dryer Products:(1)
Promote rapid drying by pulling solvents from polish causing color to form faster
Hand Creams and lotions (4)
Add finishing touch to manicure
Designed to be barriers on skin to help retain natural moistures or contain penetrating ingredients.
Makes skin less prone to dryness
Lotion penetrates more than creams
Nail conditioners (3)
Contain ingredients to reduce brittleness of nail
Especially useful at night before bed
Oils lotions and creams
Sunscreens:(1)
Ingredients that protect the skin
Three part manicure procedure (3)
Pre-service procedure
Service procedure
Post-service procedure
Pre-service procedure:(3)
Organized, step-by-step plan for cleaning and disinfecting tools, implements and materials
Setting up table
Client care
Service procedure:(1)
Plan for accomplishing actual service
Post-service procedure:(3)
Plan for caring for client after procedure
Outlines how to help client schedule and pay
How to prepare for next client
5 massage movements:
Effleurage
Petrissage
Tapotement
Vibration
Friction
Effleurage: (2)
Succession of strokes
Hands glide over area of the body with varying pressure and contact
Petrissage:(1)
Kneading, lifting, squeezing and pressing tissue
Tapotement:(1)
Rapid tapping/striking motion of hands against skin
Vibration:(1)
Continuous trembling or shaking movement applied by the hand without leaving contact
Friction:(3)
Various strokes manipulating/ placid one layer of skin over another
Hands placed on arms with bingers in opposite directions, gently twisting
Wringing out a wash cloth movement
Spa manicures (2))
Step beyond with added specialty, techniques and skin treatments
Extensive knowledge of nail and skin care
What can be involved in a spa manicure: (6)
Pampering and target specific results with skincare based methods
Massage
Exfoliations
paraffin
Stone massage
Hot towels
Spa manicure names:(2)
Can have fun names – rose manicure with rose based products
Can have direct names- the anti-aging manicure
Pedicure station:(2)
Comfy chair with arm rest and foot rest for client
Ergonomic chair for the tech
Pedicure stool and foot rest (2)
Posture is important for proper ergonomics
Stool is usually low
Types of pedicure foot baths:(2)
Basic basin to an automatic bath
Must be large enough to immerse feet comfortably
Pedicure carts:(4)
Keeps supplies organized
Hard flat surface on top for implements and in-service supplies
Drawers for storage
Wheels for mobility
Pre-cautions of paraffin on feet:(5)
Patients with chronic illness such as diabetes
Elderly clients
Lesions or abrasions
Poor circulation
Loss of feeling
Toenail clippers:(2)
Larger than finger clippers
Professional clippers have a wider spaced jaw for thicker nails
Toenail nippers/cuticle nippers:(1)
Similar to finger nipper, just designed specifically to toes
Curette:(4)
Small scoop shape at end
Allows removal of debris from nail folds, eponychium and hyponychium
Require gentle maneuvers to prevent damage
Only use curettes with dull edges to avoid injury
Nail rasp:(2)
Metal file used in a specific fashion
Helpful for ingrowns
Pedicure nail file: (2)
Medium grit file works best
Always finish with fine grit to seal edges
Foot file;(3)
Designed to reduce and smooth thicker foot calluses
Comes in many different grits and shapes
Must be thoroughly disinfected if not disposed
Toe Seperators:(2)
Keep toes apart while polishing
Single use
Pedicure slippers:(1)
Provided for clients who did not wear open toe shoes
Gloves:(3)
Protect hand from chemicals
Overexposure can cause dryness and cracking
Protects from pathogens that may be present
Foot soaks:(4)
Product added to water to soften skin
Gentle but effective
Thoroughly cleans and deodorizes
Sets stage for rest of pedicure
Exfoliating scrub:(3)
Massage on foot and leg to remove dry, flakey skin, and reduces calluses
Usually water-based containing and abrasive
Also contains moisturizers that help condition
Foot Mask:(2)
Concentrated treatment composed beneficial ingredients
Remain on for 5-10 minutes
Foot lotion or cream:(5)
Condition and moisturize
Soften calluses
Provide slip for massage
Home care products
Some lotions in medical settings provide treatment for specific conditions
Callus softener (4)
Designed to soften and smooth thicken calluses
Applied directly to calluses and left on for a short period of time
Allows callus to be easily reduced
Improper use can highly damaging and cause injury
What is the purpose of calluses:(2)
Protect underlying skin from irritation
Protect feet in stress areas
Basic Manicure procedures: (11)
Remove polish and inspect nails
File and shape nails based on client consultation
Soften the eponychium and cuticle
Clean the nail surfaces
Dry hands with a clean towel
Apply cuticle remover
Use implement to gently push and lift cuticle tissue from each nail plate
Use sharp nippers to remove any loosely hanging tags
Carefully clean under free edge
Brush hand to remove bits of debris and product
Repeat 5-10
What electric files are used in salons and why this kind: (1)
Micromotor machines because the motor is located in the hand piece
Rpm speed:(3)
Revolutions per minute
Vary between 0- 35 000 RPM
Electric files very between 5000- 35 000
Torque:(2)
Power of the machine or its ability to keep turning while you are applying pressure during filing
Machines with high torque can accomplish more at slower speeds
Describe the micromotor machine:(2)
Motor is in hand piece
The box is the transformer that plugs into the wall
Concentric bits:(2)
Balanced bits that do. Not wobble or vibrate
Avoids damage to hand piece and client
Grit for efiles:(2)
Measured by number of abrasive particles per square inch
Coarser the grit the lower the number will be, and the bigger the particle
Shank standard size (1)
Standard size for nail machines are 3/32
Diamond bits: (4)
Made from naturel and synthetic diamond particles adhered to metal surface
Grits range from extra fine to extra coarse- most common is medium
Vary in size, shape, quality and price
Chip surface of product and can be used in back-and- forth motion
Carbide bits:(4)
Carbide metals
Different shapes, size, grits
Grooves called flutes
Can remove gel from enhancements, and prep product for maintenance service.
What are flutes:(4)
Grooves on a carbide nail bit
Shave the surface f the product as they file, reducing dust
Wider=coarser
Closer=finer
Swiss carbide bits:(2)
Made in switzerland
Have rounded ends for safety
Silicone bits:(4)
Feel like pencil erasers
Grit ranges from coarse to fine
Lightly skin the surface to remove excess non-living cuticle/ to shine natural nail
Medium grit is best on natural nails
Natural- Chamois, cotton, and goat hair bits:(2)
used to apply buffing creams and buff natural nail, and enhancements
Goat hair- great for removing dust/powder from skin
Tapered barrel bits: (4)
Shorter, cone shaped fine bit
Designed with flat top
Used to shape the top surface of enhancements on short nail
And cuticle and side walls
French fill bits: (3)
Designed to use sideways to carve V into smile line during pink&white backfill
Made in diamond style only
Several sizes
Natural nail discs: (3)
Diamond surface
Used flat on tip of the nail to shorten and shape free edge
Outer edge made of plastic or metal acting as safety edge
Pedicure bits: (4)
Usually cone shaped made of diamond or sapphire material
Smoothing and contouring dry callus skin
Longer shanks and hollow centers so it doesn’t heat up too much
Rounded edges on top to use around toenail calluses
How are pedicure bits properly used: (3)
Slow or medium speed
In one direction to avoid discomfort
Can also be used on hand calluses and difficult places on the feet
Prepper bits ;(2)
Various bits- fine grit on natural nail
To prep nail at cuticle area
Mandrels: (3)
Metal or rubber bits
Inserted into hand piece
Sanding and arbor bits are placed on mandrel
sanding and arbor bands:(3)
One use only paper bits that slip onto mandrel
Made of abrasive paper that cannot be disinfected
Used for shortening and shaping top surface of nails and removing gel sealant
Warnings for sanding and arbor bands:(4)
Should NOT be used on naturel nail
Generate high heat and dust
Dust particles are very small, enter breathing zone and stay airborne longer
Shouldn’t use without dust extractor system
Jewlery and specialty bits: (3)
Long slender carbide bit configured to drill a hole into free edge of enhancement to attach nail jewelry
Only used on extended free edge
Other bits have a small carbide/diamond ball on the end to crave designs
Natural nail work with an E-file (3)
Never use metal bit or sanding band on the nail plate unless you have experience
Rubber synthetic bit to do nail prep gently toward cuticle
Natural nail bit to smooth surface using a low speed and holding flat
E-filing for a pedicure; what ‘hard’ bits can be used to shorten nails, and reduce thick callus. (4)
Diamond
Sapphire
Stainless steel
Ruby
E-filing for a pedicure; What bits are not recommended for this service and why (2)
Sanding bands or sleeves
Dust generated from this is small, cannot always be seen and remains airborne for long
E-filing for a pedicure ; exfoliation and callus creams with bits:(2)
Can be used but can clog surface of the bits quickly
Rinse the area thoroughly and completely dry it- then begin e-file work
E-filing for a pedicure ; Most effective way to use a pedicure bit:(3)
Using it in one direction reduces callus 70-80%
Use slowly and lift frequently to avoid it heating up
Anywhere there is callus
Nail Resins: (2)
Easily cured
Used as fast acting adhesive
Thin nail Resins: (2)
Thinner the viscosity the better the adhesion faster cure time
Usually used as a base
Building resin: (2)
Thicker viscosity
Used to build or as a top coat
Nail wrap: (1)
Any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on the nail to increase strength and durability
Fabric wrap: (3)
Made from any fabric material
Silk and fiberglass are most popular- more durable
Requires regular maintenance to keep it fresh
Silk wrap: (3)
Thin natural material with tight weave
Become transparent when wrap resin is applied
Lightweight with smooth appearance
Fiberglass wrap: (2)
Very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave
Loose weave makes it easy to use and allows resin wrap to penetrate, improves adhesion
How the wrap system is done: (3)
Apply resin to nail
Lay fabric over the nail and cut to size
Apply a thin coat of resin to penetrate fabric so appearance is almost invisible
Nail wrap maintenance: (2)
At 2 weeks -Buffing nail and adding resin to new growth area
At 4 weeks- fabric must be laid to cover regrowth area to keep strong.
Soak off polishes (3)
Soft gel that soaks off
Wide variety of colors
Soaked off with acetone or remover
Soak off gel on natural nails application: (6)
Apply gel base/bonding gel and cure
Brush thin coat of gel polish over nail capping the free edge and cure. 2 coats
Apply gel topcoat and cure
Remove inhibition layer
Massage
Removal of soak off gels and polishes: (6)
Medium fine grit file topcoat to allow acetone to penetrate
Soak fingers or soak a cotton ball secure it to nail by wrapping foil
Soak for about 10 minutes
Use wooden stick to ease remaining gell off nail
Buff nail to remove anything remaining, wash
Massage
