test 1 Flashcards
why to know the history of nail technology (4)
- helps you predict and understand upcoming trends
- understand the development of techniques or services that are used today
- broaden offerings and expertise in services
- wide range of opportunities available to nail techs
how far does nail technology date back to
3000 BC
1900-1919 (1)
- california perfume company (Avon) market manicure set
-bleach, tint, pomade
1920s (2)
moon manicure- tip and lunula bare
- 1st acetone nail polish remover
1930s (1)
- 1st modern nail polish using pigments instead of dyes
1940s (1)
- weekly manicure became popular
1950s (3)
-red long nails
-at home care
- acrylic-like solutions
1960s (3)
- musicians were the new influence
-pastel colours - flower child nail art
1970s (4)
- 1st monomer liquid and polymer powder nail service (acrylic)
- French manicure
-ridge filler
-long nails
-
1980s (3)
-nail art- decals, jewels, metallic strips and hand drawn
-acrylic approves
- neons and square tips
1990s (4)
- spa business popularity causing natural manicures and pedicures
- airbrush
- 1st pedicure system
- UV gel systems
2000- 2009 (3)
- nail grooming reached high demand and range of services
- pedicures became 2nd most requested nail service
- long lasting mani and pedis
2010- present (3)
- UV Gel manicure popularizes
- acrylic popularizes
- nail art stamping
scope of practice (3)
- cannot diagnose
- refer to proper doctor
- can modify service to certain degree
diseases of the nail (9)
-onycholysis
- onychocryptosis
- onychomadesis
- onychomycosis
- onychosis
-paronychia
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
-tinea pedis
- pyogenic granuloma
onycholysis (4)
- operation of nail plate and bed
- due to injury or allergic reaction
-when cause is removed it begins to heal
- refer
onychocryptosis (3)
- ingrown nail on hands and feet
- nail grows into side of tissue around nails
-medical referral
onychomadesis (3)
- separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed
-caused by infection , injury to matrix, systematic illness, medical procedures (chemo)
- medical referral
onychomycosis (6)
- fungal infection of nail plate
-whitish patches that can be scraped off
- long whites/pale yellowish streaks within nail plate
third form causes free edge to crumble- can affect whole nail plate
starts at free edge - matrix
- medical referral required
onychosis (3)
onychia
- inflammation of matrix and shedding of the nail caused by infection or injury
- possible medical referral required
paronychia (4)
-bacterial inflammation of tissue around the nail plate
- causing pus , swelling, redness
- seen in dry or chapped hands from excessive exposure to water and detergents
- medical referral required
-
pseudomonas aeruuginosa (4)
- rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection
= starts yellow-green spots that become darker
- yellow to green to brown to black
-medical referral required
pyogenic granuloma (3)
-severe inflammation of the nail
- inn which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to nail plate
-medical referral required
tine pedis (4)
- fungal infection of the feet AKA athletes foot
- red patches or scaling of the skin on the bottom of the feet/inbetween toes
- contagious
- medical referral
products use in a manicure (8)
- soap/hand sanitizes
- polish removers
- nail oils/lotions/creams
- cuticle removers/conditioners,/softeners
- base coat
- polish
- top coat
- quick dry drops
products for manicure service (9)
- soak
- scrubs
- lotions
- sanitizing spray
- callus softener
- base coat
- nail polish
- top coat
- dry drops
what is a basic manicure (3)
- great as an intro to hand and nail care
- maintaining the nail and skin areas.
- polish ,cuticle and nail care, massage, soak
was is a spa manicure (2)
- additional application procedures
-exfoliation and paraffin
benefits of a manicure and pedicures (7)
- cleanse
- relax
- Rolex nerves
- improves circulation
- prevent hangnails
-can help with bad habits
-infection prevention and health
integumentary system (5)
skin and accessory organs
-oil and sweat glands
- sensory receptors
-hair
-nails
describe a healthy nail (5)
- smooth
-flexible
-translucent
- pink nail bed
- shiny
technical name for nail
onyx
onychology
study of the structure and growth of nails
onychosis
any disease or disorder of the nail
signs of infection (6)
- red
- pain
- swelling
-fever
-throbbing
- pus
list the structure of the nail (15)
-free edge
-onychodrmal band
-nail plate
-nail wall
-peronychium
-lunula
-eponychium
-cuticle
-nail matrix
-bed epithelium
- nail root
- mantle
- nail bed
- nail folds- proximal and lateral
- hyponychium
what is the close and far edge of the nail called ?
proximal - close
distal - far
free edge
part of plate extending over edge of finger/toe
onychodermal band ** (2)
- specialized ligaments attaching nail bed and matrix to bone
- natural smile line ***
nail plate (4)
- hard keratin plate on top of/slowly sliding across tip
- most visible and functional part
- 50-100 layers
- protects finger tips
nail plate growth factors (4)
- filing techniques
- environment
-chemicals
-aging.
nail wall
- consists of folds of skin on either side of the nail groove
lunula (4)
- point where nail matrix and nail bed meet
- half moon
- easily damaged
- where creation of cells are found
nail bed
-portion of skin supporting nail plate as it grows
- contains blood vessels and nerves
- protected by nail folds
matrix (3)
- area where nail plates cells are formed
- composed of matrix cells that make nail plates
- contains nerves, lymphs, and blood vessels
mantle
- pocket like structure holding nail root and matrix
cuticle (2)
- dead skin cells shedding by proximal nail fold
-creates seal
LATERAL NAIL FOLD
along sides of nail plate guiding growth
proximal nail fold (3)
- another seal
- layer of dermis & epidermis that covers matrix
- living skin
eponychium (2)
- living skin at the base of nail plate covering matrix
-produces cuticle
bed epithelium
- thin sticky layer of epidermis attaching plate to bed
- assist forward growth
keratin
protein in nails (hard)
hyponychium (2)
-seal found under free edge to prevent bacteria from entering nail unit
-can over grow
perinychium
skin that overlaps and surrounds the sides of nails
5 basic massage movements
- effleurage
-petrissage
-friction
-tapotement
-vibration
effleurage
continuous movement
petrissage
kneading movements to stimulate
friction
pressure across ligaments, tendons and muscles
tapotement
fast tapping movements
vibration
highly stimulating , use minimally
why does skin wrinkle in water (2)
- keratin cells absorb- layer of skin expands
- creates grip
how does base colour and top coats work
work strictly by evaporation
how does quick dry work (3)
-higher solvents
- polymers dissolve
- as they evaporate they leave polymer film
nail disorders definition
-unhealthy condition of the nail that is either hereditary, injury or disease of nail unit
nail disorder list (16)
-beaus line
-eggshell nail
-leukonychia
-nail pterygium
-ridged nail
-splinter hemorrhage
- bruised nail
-hangnail
-melanonychia
-onychophagy
-pilcatured nail
- discoloured nail
-infected finger
-nail psoriasis
-onychohexis
-pincer nail
beaus lines (2) and causes
- depression running across width of nail plate
-due to slowing production of matrix
can you service beaus line
- yes
bruised nail bed (2) and causes
- dark purplish spots
-from small injury to nail bed
can you work on a bruised nail
- yes
- can cover with nail polish
discoloured nails (2) and causes
-turns a variety of colours
- surface staining, systematical disorder, poor blood circulation
can you work on discoloured nails
yes
cover with nail polish
eggshell nails and causes (3)
- noticeably thin white nail plates
-more flexible than normal
-improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, overfilling
can you work on eggshell nails
yes
be careful with filing
hangnail and causes (1)
-damaged skin around nail plate, becomes split or torn
can you work on a hangnail (2)
can be carefully trimmed and worked on
if infected do not work on
infected finger
-visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, pus
can you work on an infected finger
no refer to medic
leukonychia and causes (3)
- whitish spots of discolouration
-minor injury to nail matrix
-disappears as nail grows
can you work on leukonychia
yes
melanonychia (2)
-significant darkening of nails caused by pigment cells
- band from base to free edge or whole plate
can you work on melanonychia
yes
nail psoriasis (2)
pitting, roughing, onycholysis, and bed discolouration
-plate may appear rough, free edge ragged
nail pterygium (2)
- abnormal stretching of eponiychium or hyponychium around nail plate
- serious injury or allergic reaction
can you work on nail psoriasis
yes
can you work on nail pterygium
yes
onychophagy
bitten nails
onychorhexis and causes (2)
- abnormal split/brittle nails appearing as surface roughness on nail plate
-heredity, injury to matrix, excessive exposure to cuticle remover , harsh cleansing agents, aggressive filing
pincer nails (2)
-AKA trumpet nails
-dramatically increased nail curvature of free edge
can you work on pincer nails
not extreme
plicatured nails and causes (4)
- AKA folded nails
- highly curved nail plate
-injury to matrix
-often lead to ingrown nails
-
can you work on plicated nails
yes
ridged nails (3)
-lengthwise grooves in plate
-often mistaken for ridges
-sen in normal aging
can you work on ridged nails
-yes you can use ridge filler
splinter hemorrhage and causes (3)
- damage to capillaries under nail
-gives appearance of lengthwise small splinter underneath nail plate
-trauma/injury to nail bed
what are nail techs governed under
governed under cosmetology law
nail composition (2)
-keratin- fiber-shaped protein
- a hard keratin-B
factors affecting nail growth (3)
- nutrition
-exercise
-persons general health
can products make a nail grow thicker ? (2)
-no matrix would need to grow bigger
-shape and thickness of nail plate depends on matrix size and shape
how much does a nail grow in a month
1/10 - 1/8
what season do nails grow faster
summer
who’s nails grow faster
children
what finger grows the fastest and slowest
-middle finger =fastest
-thumb = slowest
what nails grow slower and thicker
-toes
process of nail growth (4)
- matrix cells are produced
- matrix cells produce other cells that become the nail plate
- nerves, lymph and blood cells nourish matrix
- as long as its nourished cells will continue to produce
why are manicures an important service to learn (4)
- appearance of nails are visual assessment in society
- fashion continuously changing - stay up to date with techniques and trends
- due to health, some cannot maintain own nails
-clients love relaxation and pampering
what can a nail tech not do in their scope of practice (3)
- diagnose
- provide treatment for disorder/diseases
- perform other services unlicensed/certified
what PPE do we wear
-gloves
-safety glasses
-mask
what equipment do we use in service (8)
-manicure table/pedicure chair
-lamp
-chairs
-finger bowl/footbath
-disinfection container/dirty bin
-arm cushion
-covered trashed can
-supply tray/table
what disposable implements are used in service (5)
- orange wood stick
- cotton balls
-4x4 pads
- nail file
-nail buffer
what metal implements are used in service (4)
- metal pushers
-cuticle nippers
-nail clippers
-excavator
how do we clean acetone and why
- soak up with cotton and throw away in covered trash can
-flammable
how does cuticle remover work
dissolves dead skin on nail plate
why do we use base coat
creates adhesive for polish to nail plate
what grit nail file do we use
180 hand
240 feet
tinea manis (4)
- ringworm of hand
-contains tiny blisters
-dark red to pink
-gets confused as eczema and dermatitis
can you service Tinea Manis
no very contagious
refer to doctor
tinea pedis
-ringworm of the foot
- aka athletes foot
-fungal- thrives in dark mist places
-itchy, peeling, may look dry and blistering
-in between toes and bottom of foot
can you service Tinea Pedis
no very contagious
refer
