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Nail Fundamentals > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What Is anatomy:(2)

A

Study of the structures of the human body and substances these structures are made of

Science of interconnected organisms and parts

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2
Q

What is physiology:(1)

A

Study of the functions and activities performed by body structures

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3
Q

What is Histology:(1)

A

Study of the structures and composition of tissue

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4
Q

What body systems are referenced in this chapter: (5)

A

Circulatory/cardiovascular system

Integumentary

Muscular

Nervous

Skeletal

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5
Q

What is the skeletal system for: (1)

A

Physical foundation of the body

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6
Q

Bones of the arms and hands: (6)

A

Humorous

Ulna

Radius

Carpus

Metacarpus

Phalanges

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7
Q

Humorous:(2)

A

Uppermost largest bone of arm

Extends from elbow to shoulder

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8
Q

Ulna: (3)

A

Longer bone of the forearm

Larger at the elbow then wrist

Located on little finger side

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9
Q

Radius:(3)

A

Shorter of the two bones of forearm

Larger at wrist

On thumb side of hand

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10
Q

Carpus:(2)

A

The wrist

Flexible joint composed of 8 small bones held by ligaments

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11
Q

Metacarpus:(2)

A

Bones of the palm of hand

Contains 5 bones between carpus and phalanges

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12
Q

Phalanges:(3)

A

Digits

Bones of fingers/toes

3 in each finger, 2 in thumb

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13
Q

Bones of the leg:(4)

A

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Patella

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14
Q

Femur: (1)

A

Heavy long bone that forms leg above the knee

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15
Q

Tibia (2)

A

Larger of two bones that form leg below the knee

Visualized as a bump on big-toe side of ankle

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16
Q

Fibula:(2)

A

Smaller of the two bones that form the leg below knee

Visualized as bump on little toe side of the ankle

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17
Q

Patella: (2)

A

Aka accessory bone

Forms the cap of the knee joint

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18
Q

Bones of ankle joint:(3)

A

Tibia from lower leg

Fibula from lower leg

Talus

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19
Q

Talus: (1)

A

Ankle bone

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20
Q

How many bones is the foot made up of:(2)

A

26 bones

Subdivided into 3 categories

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21
Q

What are the 3 categories if the foot bones;(3)

A

7 Tarsal bones

5 Metatarsal bones

14 Phalanges

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22
Q

What are the 7 Tarsal bones: (5)

A

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

3 cuneiform bones

Cuboid

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23
Q

What are metatarsal bones:(2)

A

Long and slender

Similar to metacarpal bones on hand

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24
Q

How many phalanges are in each toe:(2)

A

3 phalanges in each toe

Except big toe, which has 2

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25
Q

Muscular system: (2)

A

Body system that covers, shapes and supports skeletal tissue

Contracts and moves various parts of the body

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26
Q

Muscles that attach the arms to the body:(5)

A

Latissimus Dorsi

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

Trapezius

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27
Q

Latissimus Dorsi;(1)

A

Large flat triangular muscle covering lower back

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28
Q

Pectoralis Major and Minor (2)

A

Muscles of the chest

Assist in swinging movements of the arm

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29
Q

Serratus anterior (1)

A

Muscle of the chest that assist in breathing and raising arm

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30
Q

Trapezius (2)

A

Covers back of neck and upper middle region of back

Rotates and controls swinging movements of arm

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31
Q

Three muscles of shoulder and upper arms (3)

A

Bicep

Deltoid

Tricep

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32
Q

Bicep;(3)

A

Inside of arm

Lifts forearm

Flexes elbow

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33
Q

Deltoid:(2)

A

Triangular muscle covering shoulder joint

Allows arm to extend

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34
Q

Triceps:(1)

A

Large muscle covering back of upper arm extends forearm

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35
Q

Forearms muscles and tendons:(4)

A

Extensors

Flexors

Pronators

Supinator

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36
Q

Extensors of forearm:(1)

A

Muscles that straighten wrist, hand, and fingers to form straight line

37
Q

Flexors of forearm:(1)

A

Muscles of wrist involved in bending wrists

38
Q

Pronators of forearm:(1)

A

Muscles that turn hand inward so palms face down

39
Q

Supinator of forearm:(1)

A

Muscles of forearm that rotate the radius out ward and palm upward

40
Q

What are the two categories of muscles of the hand:(2)

A

Abductors

Adductors

41
Q

Abductors:(1)

A

Muscles that separate the fingers

42
Q

Adductors:(1)

A

Muscles at the base of each finger

43
Q

Muscles of the lower leg:(6)

A

Extensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

44
Q

Extensor digitorum longus:(2)

A

Bends foot up

Extends toes

45
Q

Tibialis anterior:(2)

A

Covers front of shin

Bends foot upward and inward

46
Q

Peroneus Longus:(2)

A

Covers outer side of calf

Inverts foot and turns outward

47
Q

Peroneus Brevis:(2)

A

Lower surface of fibula

Bends foot down and out

48
Q

Gastrocnemius:(2)

A

Attached to lower rear surface of heel

Pulls foot down

49
Q

Soleus:(2)

A

Upper portion of fibula

Bends foot down

50
Q

Muscles of feet:(4)

A

Flexor digiti minimi

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor hallucis

Abductor digiti minimi

51
Q

Flexor digiti minimi:(1)

A

Moves little toe

52
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis:(2)

A

Moves lessor toes

Helps maintain balance while walking

53
Q

Abductor hallucis:(2)

A

Moves great toe

Maintains balance while walking and standing

54
Q

Abductor digiti minimi:(1)

A

Separates toes

55
Q

Nervous system: (2)

A

Composed of brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Responsible for coordinating and controlling all other systems with harmony

56
Q

Nerves in arm and hand: (4)

A

Digital nerve

Radial nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

57
Q

Digital nerve:(2)

A

Branches

Supplies fingers

58
Q

Radial nerve:(2)

A

Branches

Supplies thumb side of arm and back of hand

59
Q

Median nerve:(3)

A

Smaller than ulnar nerve and radial nerve

Branches

Supplies arm and hand

60
Q

Ulnar nerve:(2)

A

Branches

Affects little finger side of arm and palm

61
Q

Nerves of lower leg and foot:(7)

A

Tibial nerve

Common peroneal nerve

Deep peroneal nerve

Superficial peroneal nerve

Dorsal nerve

Saphenous nerve

Sural nerve

62
Q

Tibial nerve:(3)

A

Division of sciatic nerve

Behind knee

Supplies impulses to knee, muscles of calf, skin of leg and sole, heel, under toes

63
Q

Common peroneal nerve:(3)

A

Division of sciatic nerve

Behind knee winding to head of fibula

Dividing into 2 branches

64
Q

Deep peroneal nerve:(3)

A

Aka Anterior tibial nerve

Down front of leg- behind muscles

Impulses to these muscles , skin on top of foot- dorsal nerve

65
Q

Dorsal nerve:(2)

A

Apart of deep peroneal nerve

Impulses to top of foot

66
Q

Saphenous nerve:(1)

A

Impulses to skin of inner side of leg and foot

67
Q

Sural nerve:(1)

A

Impulses to skin on outer side of back of foot and leg

68
Q

Arteries:(4)

A

Thick walled

Flexible tubes

Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from heart

Narrow and widen

69
Q

Capillaries:(4)

A

Tiny thin walled blood vessels

Connect smaller arteries to veins

Nutrients to cells

Carry away waste

70
Q

Veins:(4)

A

Thin walled blood vessels

Less flexible than arteries

Cannot narrow or widen

Carry deoxygenated blood TOWARDS heart

71
Q

What are the arteries of the arm and hand:(2)

A

Ulnar artery

Radial artery

72
Q

Ulnar artery:(2)

A

Numerous branches

Supply the little finger side of the arm and back of hand

73
Q

Radial artery:(2)

A

Branches

Supply thumb side of arm and back of hand

74
Q

Blood supply (arteries) of lower leg and foot: (4)

A

Popliteal artery

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

75
Q

Popliteal artery:(2)

A

Supplies blood to foot

Divides 2 separate arteries- anterior and posterior tibial

76
Q

Anterior tibial artery:(3)

A

Blood to lower leg muscles and to muscles and skin on top of foot

Supplies to adjacent sides of 1st and 2nd toes

Becomes dorsalis pedis artery

77
Q

Posterior artery:(1)

A

Supplies blood to ankles and back of lower leg

78
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery: (1)

A

Supplies foot with blood

79
Q

What is Reflexolgy:(2)

A

Method of applying pressure to specific points on hands/feet with fingers

Promotes health benefits to specific parts of the body

80
Q

What are the types of contraindications to a massage:(3)

A

Total- no massage

Relative- with doctors note, and modified massage

Local- local area on body should be avoided

81
Q

Total and relative contraindications of a massage:(5)

A

Disorders of nervous system - stroke, undiagnosed headaches

Disorders of heart and blood- heart attack, hemophilia, severe anemia

Disorder of cardiovascular system- varicose veins, phlebitis

During cancer treatment

Requires doctors note

82
Q

Local contraindications:(4)

A

Infectious skin conditions – warts, verruca’s, athletes foot

Urinary system disorders – Uti, prostate, incontinence, kidney

Skeletal injuries- fractures, sprains, broken bones

Joint problems- arthritis

83
Q

Other contraindications to massage:(2)

A

Pregnancy

Non-infectious skin conditions – blisters, eczema, psoriasis, wounds

84
Q

What is a systemic disease:(2)

A

Disease that affects other parts of the body or even the whole body

Composed of tissue such as; blood vessels, nerves, skin, bones, muscles/tendons/ligaments

85
Q

What are some systemic diseases:(7)

A

Autoimmune disease

Diabetes

Rheumatoid arthritis

Graves’ disease

Hashimoto’s

Lupus

Multiple sclerosis

86
Q

Signs of systemic disease on hands:(7)

A

Nail plate change and weakening

Arthritic- swelling and stiffness

Red dots around cuticles

Psoriasis of nails and nail bed

Leukonychia

Pincer nails

Carpel tunnel

87
Q

Senior clients:

A

Immune compromised

Artery and vein issues

Mobility issues

88
Q

Signs of systemic disease in legs and feet:(9)

A

Tired/heavy legs

Swelling

Slow healing

Varicose veins

Cramps

Tingling

Shiny redness

Loss of hair

Ulcers/abrasions

89
Q

superficial peroneal nerve

A
  • aka musculocutaneous nerve
  • extends down leg supplying impulses to muscles and skin of the leg

Nail Fundamentals (3 decks)

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