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Basic Skills > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

5 stages of grief in order

A

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

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2
Q

begins as normal grief but continues long term, with little to know resolution of feelings and inability to rejoin normal life

A

chronic grief

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3
Q

Occurs when the person is grieving but expressing grief through other types of behaviors
For example: excessive drinking, arguing

A

masked grief

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4
Q

Grief that is put off until a later time

A

delayed

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5
Q

diet that Provides clear fluids to prevent dehydration and supplies some simple carbs to help meet energy needs
Water, tea, coffee
Broth
Clear juice (apple, grape, or cranberry)
popsicles
Carbonated beverages
jello

A

clear liquid diet

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6
Q

diet that Contains all liquids included in the clear diet, plus any food items that are liquid at room temperature
Clear liquid diet items
Milk
Soups
Milkshakes
Pudding
Yogurt

A

full liquid diet

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7
Q

Diet of choice for pts that have difficulty chewing as a result of missing teeth, jaw problems, or fatigue
Liquid and clear diet items
Soft vegetables and fruits
Chopped, ground, or shredded meats
Bread,pastries
Eggs
cheese

A

mechanical diet

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8
Q

diet for Pts with hypertension, or fluid balance problems

A

sodium restricted diet

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9
Q

diet to Manage calories and carb intake for pts with DM

A

diabetic diet

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10
Q

diet that Manage electrolytes and fluids for pts with renal insufficiency

A

renal diet

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11
Q

urine sample that its free of contamination
- collection of urine sample midstream

A

clean catch urine sample

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12
Q

Painful or difficult urination

A

Dysuria

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13
Q

Blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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14
Q

Excessive urination

A

Polyuria

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15
Q

To urinate
Also known as voiding

A

Micturition

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16
Q

Frequent urination after going to bed
Waking up often during the night

A

Nocturia

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17
Q

Involuntary loss of urine

A

Enuresis

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18
Q

Pus in the urine
-indicates infection

A

Pyuria

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19
Q

what are these S&S indicative of?
pain/burning with urination (dysuria)
Hematuria
Frequent urination
Fever
Chills

A

UTI

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20
Q

what does urine look like with a UTI?

A

blood in urine
cloudy

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21
Q

4 reasons for urinary catheters

A

Obtain sterile urine sample
Dain the bladder
Prevent or treat bladder retention
Promote comfort- pts who are near death

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22
Q

normal measurement of urine output per hour

A

50-60 mL/hr
1,500 mL/hr/day

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23
Q

where can a UTI be located?

A

Can be located in any part of the urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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24
Q

Surgically created opening in the abdominal wall for bowel diversion
-May be temporary or permanent

A

ostomy (AKA Stoma)

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25
Q

Surgical procedure that brings a portion of the colon through a surgical opening in the abdomen

A

colostomy

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26
Q

what does the location of a colostomy determine?

A

consistency of feces

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27
Q

the closer the colostomy is to the ascending colon, the feces is ___________

A

more liquid

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28
Q

the closer the colostomy is to the sigmoid colon, the feces is ___________

A

solid

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29
Q

Bowel sounds:
-Very high-pitched and more frequent than normal
-May occur with small bowel obstructions and inflammatory disorders
-Can result in diarrhea

A

hyperactive

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30
Q

Bowel sounds:
-Low- pitched, infrequent, and quiet
-Indicates decreased peristalsis
-Can result in constipation

A

hypoactive

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31
Q

what do you do for a pt with constipation? (6)

A

Increase fluid intake (Water is preferred)
Encourage exercise
Limit caffeine
Ample fiber
Maintain privacy
laxatives

32
Q

invasive procedures of the GI tract (2)

A

colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy

33
Q

noninvasive procedures of the GI tract (3)

A

Ct scan
Ultrasound
X ray

34
Q

day before colonoscopy diet

A

clear liquid diet

35
Q

day of colonoscopy diet

A

NPO

36
Q

test for occult blood in feces

A

fecal occult test

37
Q

false positive foods on fecal occult test

A

red meat
iron

38
Q

false negative foods on fecal occult test

A

vitamin C

39
Q

receptors that Detect variations in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

40
Q

receptors that are In the skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules

Coordinate input to enable us to sense the position of our body in space

A

proprioreceptors

41
Q

receptors that are Located in the retina in the eyes. Detects visible light

A

photoreceptors

42
Q

receptors that are Located in the taste buds
For taste

A

chemoreceptors

43
Q

receptors that are Sensitive to changes in pressure

A

baroreceptor

44
Q

what to do for pt that has sensory overload? (4)

A

limit interruptions
limit light
limit noise
reduce noxious odors

45
Q

pain:
Short duration and generally rapid in onset
Varies in intensity and may last up to six months

A

acute

46
Q

pain:
Lasts six months or longer
Often interferes with daily activities
Pts may experience periods of remission and exacerbation

A

chronic

47
Q

Pain:
Complex and chronic pain that arises when injury to one or more nerves results in repeated transmission of pain signals even in absence of painful stimuli
Nerve pain

A

neuropathic

48
Q

S&S of hypoxia (4)

A

Cyanosis
Restlessness
Tachycardia
Low O2

49
Q

what is the stimulant for breathing

A

CO2

50
Q

Respiration:
Occurs in body organs and tissues
Capillary-tissue gas exchange

A

Internal respiration

51
Q

Respiration:
Occurs when a person breathes fast and deeply to move a large amount of air through the lungs
Causes too much CO2 to be removed from the alveoli

A

hyperventilation

52
Q

respiration:
Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
Alveolar-capillary gas exchange

A

external respiration

53
Q

Respiration:
Occurs when a decreased rate or shallow breathing moves only a small amount of air into and out of the lungs
Can lead to hypoxemia, then to hypoxia

A

Hypoventilation

54
Q

Pt’s with pneumonia: why do we make pts drink fluids?

A

Reduce viscosity if mucus
Loosens secretions

55
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

56
Q

Absence of breathing

A

Apnea

57
Q

Gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by a gradual decrease in depth, then a period of apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

58
Q

Regular but increased in rate and abnormally deep respirations
May be compensatory mechanisms for metabolic disorders that lower blood pH
May be a form of hyperventilation caused by anxiety, fear, or panic

A

Kussmaul’s breathing

59
Q

Fast, shallow breathing
More than 24 breaths/min

A

Tachypnea

60
Q

Slow respirations
Less than 10 breaths/min

A

Bradypnea

61
Q

Thick, elastic walls that allow them to stretch during cardiac contraction (systole) and recoil when the heart relaxes (diastole)

A

Arteries

62
Q

Smaller branches of the arteries
Constrict or dilate to vary the amount of blood flowing into the capillaries to help maintain blood pressure

A

Arterioles

63
Q

Microscopic vessels, created as arterioles branch into smaller and smaller vessels

Connect the arterial and venous systems and carry blood from arterioles to venules

A

capillaries

64
Q

Vessels located throughout the body that collect oxygen-poor blood and returns it back to the heart
Thin, muscular walls that collapse easily

A

veins

65
Q

very small veins

A

venules

66
Q

Occurs when the heart becomes inefficient pump and is unable to meet the body’s demands

A

Heart failure

67
Q

Heart muscle disorder that results in heart enlargement and impaired cardiac contractility

A

Cardiomyopathy

68
Q

Occurs when oxygen requirements of the heart are unmet.
Prolonged ischemia leads to myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Cardiac ischemia

69
Q

A leading cause of cardiac ischemia
Condition where plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries.
Plaque narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle

A

Coronary artery disease

70
Q

Alterations in heart rate or rhythms
Can lower cardiac output, decrease tissue oxygenation, and increase risk of stroke

A

Dysrhythmias

71
Q

Creates turbulent flow, leading to a decrease in cardiac output and compromised tissue oxygenation

A

Heart valve abnormalities

72
Q

ways to reduce clot formation (4)

A

avoid sitting with legs crossed
encourage frequent ambulation
apply compression stockings
anticoagulants

73
Q

Older Adults: What happens to their hearts?

A

Thicker and more ridgid valves
decreased myocardial strength
Lower exercise tolerance
Other health problems

74
Q

health promotion:
Prevent or slow onset of disease
Examples:
Keeping up with vaccines
Eating healthy foods
Exercising
Wearing sunscreen

A

primary

75
Q

health promotion:
Education for detecting illnesses in early stages
Screening tests
Examples
Regular physical exams
Blood pressure screening
Cancer screening
Diabetes screening
TB skin tests (PPD)

A

secondary

76
Q

health promotion:
Focused on stopping the disease from progressing and returning the pt to the pre-illness phase
Example
Rehabilitation
Medication management
Treatment

A

tertiary

Basic Skills (5 decks)

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