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Biology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a joint ?

A

Any point where two bones meet

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2
Q

What is the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction ?

A

Arthrology

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3
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints ?

A

Synchondroses and symphyses

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4
Q

What is an ampiarthrosis joint ?

A

A slightly moveable joint

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5
Q

What’s a cartilaginous joint ?

A

A joint where two bones are linked by cartilage

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6
Q

What’s a synarthrosis joint ?

A

An immovable joint

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7
Q

What’s a diarthrosis joint ?

A

A freely moveable joint

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8
Q

What’s a synchondrosis ?

A

A type of cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

What’s a symphysis ?

A

A type of cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What’s another word for a bony joint and what does it mean ?

A

Synostosis is an immovable joint formed when the gap between 2 bones ossifies & they become 1 single bone

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11
Q

What’s a gomphosis ?

A

An attachment of a tooth to its socket

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12
Q

What are the three kinds of fibrous joints ?

A

Suture, gomphosis, and syndesmosis

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13
Q

What differs a syndesmosis from a suture or gomphosis ?

A

The fibers between the bones are longer which allows the attached bones to be more mobile

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14
Q

What’s an example of a syndesmosis ?

A

The one that binds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together side by side

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15
Q

What’s three examples of a suture ?

A

A coronal suture, a Sagittal suture, and a lambdoid suture

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16
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints ?

A

Symphyses & synchondroses

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17
Q

What’s 2 examples of a synchondrosis ?

A

The temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of the long bone in a child & the attachment of the first rib to the sternum

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18
Q

What’s an example of a symphysis ?

A

The pubic symphysis, where the left and right pubic bones are joined anteriorly by the cartilaginous interpubic disc

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19
Q

What’s the difference between synchondroses and symphyses ?

A

Symphyses form when two joints are linked by fibrocartilage but synchondroses form when two joints are linked by hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

What is the name of the joint between the bodies of 2 vertebrae, united by an intervertebral disc ?

A

A symphysis, a cartilaginous joint

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21
Q

What’s another word for a synovial joint ?

A

A diarthrosis

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22
Q

What are the 4 major categories of joints ?

A

Bony joints(synostosis),fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints

23
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint ?

A

A point where two bones are linked by cartilage

24
Q

What is a fibrous joint ?

A

A point where adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and enter the other

25
Q

What is a bony joint ?

A

A point where a gap between two bones ossifies and become one single bone

26
Q

What are the three kinds of cartilage ?

A

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

27
Q

What’s articular cartilage ?

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage, serving to reduce friction and ease joint movement

28
Q

What’s the slippery lubricant inside the synovial cavity ?

A

Synovial fluid

29
Q

What does synovial fluid do ?

A

Nourish the articular cartilage, remove their wastes, and makes synovial joint movement almost friction-free

30
Q

Name two ball and socket joints.

A

The hip joint and the shoulder (humeroscapular) joint

31
Q

What kind of joint is the radiocarpal joint ?

A

Condylar(ellipsoid)

32
Q

Where are plane(gliding) joints found ?

A

The carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle

33
Q

Name two hinge joints.

A

The elbow joint and the knee joint

34
Q

Name a pivot joint

A

The radioulnar joint

35
Q

Which joint movement decreases the joint angle ?

A

Flexion

36
Q

Which joint movement straightens a joint and returns the body part back to zero position ?

A

Extension

37
Q

What is further extension of a joint beyond zero position ?

A

Hyperextension

38
Q

What is abduction ?

A

The movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

39
Q

What is adduction ?

A

Movement of a body part in the frontal plane back towards the midline

40
Q

What’s the joint movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane ?

A

Elevation

41
Q

What joint movement lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane ?

A

Depression

42
Q

What is the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane ?

A

Protraction

43
Q

What is the posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane ?

A

Retraction

44
Q

What is the joint movement where one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other moves in a circular motion ?

A

Circumduction

45
Q

What’s the opposite of plantar flexion of the foot ?

A

Dorsiflexion

46
Q

What’s synovitis ?

A

Inflammation of a joint capsule, often as a complication of a sprain

47
Q

What’s a sprain ?

A

A torn ligament or tendon, sometimes with damage to a meniscus or other cartilage

48
Q

What’s a strain ?

A

Painful overstretching of a ligament or muscle without serious tissue damage, often results from inadequate warm-up before exercise

49
Q

What’s bursitis ?

A

Inflammation of a bursa, usually due to overuse of a joint

50
Q

What is the joint disorder for displacement of a bone from a normal position at a joint ?

A

Dislocation

51
Q

What’s the hereditary disease where Uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints and irritate the articular cartilage and synovial membrane ?

A

Gout

52
Q

What’s the broad term for any pain in the supportive and locomotory organs of the body, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles ?

A

Rheumatism

53
Q

What’s tendonitis ?

A

A form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed

Biology (16 decks)

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