Chapter 20 Flashcards
What are the three layers of the blood vessel wall ?
Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
What are hemorrhoids ?
Varicose veins of the anal canal
What are arteries ?
The efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system that carry blood away from the heart
What are veins ?
The afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart
What are capillaries ?
Microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins
What is tunica externa composed of ?
Loose connective tissue
What is tunica interna composed of ?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is tunica media composed of ?
Smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic tissue in some cases
What is the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall ?
Blood pressure
What is the most common capillary type ?
Continuous capillaries
What are the 3 capillary types ?
Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids
Which Blood Vessels Carry Blood Away From The Heart ?
Arteries
Which Type Of Blood Vessels Carry Blood To The Heart ?
Veins
What is the heart ?
The muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through blood vessels
What is the other term for “tunica interna” ?
Tunica intima
What is the other term for “tunica externa” ?
Tunica adventitia
What is perfusion ?
the flow per given volume or mass of tissue, ex:100 grams of tissue per minute
Opposition To Blood Flow In Vessels Is Called What ?
Resistance
What is autoregulation ?
The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis
What is edema ?
The accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue
What is venous return ?
The blood flow back to the heart
How much of the total body blood is in capillaries at any given time ?
5%
What happens to the blood vessels during exercise ?
They dilate to increase blood flow to the muscles
What’s the most important mechanism of exchange across capillary walls ?
Diffusion of water and solutes
What are 3 causes of edema ?
Obstructed lymphatic damage, increased capillary filtration, and reduced capillary reabsorption
What is obstructed venous return shock ?
A type of shock that occurs when the body has a normal blood volume but too much of it accumulates in the lower body
Which lipid-soluble substances can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane without the help of membrane channels, filtration pores, or intercellular clefts ?
Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
Where is blood flow through capillaries the slowest & why ?
In the pulmonary circuit to allow more time for gas exchange
Which type of shock results from too little blood returning to the heart ?
Low venous return
The first venous sinuses collect the blood immediately after circulating through which organ ?
The brain
Which 3 major arteries come directly from the aortic arch ?
The brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian
What three arteries branch directly off the celiac trunk ?
The common hepatic artery, the left gastric artery, and the splenic artery
Where does blood collect after it circulates through the brain ?
Dural venous sinuses
Which veins form an arc along the lesser curvature of the stomach & empty into the hepatic portal vein ?
The gastric veins
What system provides the principal venous drainage of the thoracic wall ?
Azygos system
What do the hepatic veins do ?
Drain the liver into the inferior vena cava
You’re Not Muted Wtf
Which blood vessels contain valves ?
Veins
