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Lifespan > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

early adolescence

A

ages 10-13

behaving for rewards
Low self esteem- don’t know who you are
Concrete thinkers

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2
Q

middle adolescence

A

age 14-16

Experimenting w diff looks, styles, friends
When abstract thinking kicks in

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3
Q

late adolescence

A

age 17-20

Where we have a better positive self image

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4
Q

adolescence biggest influencer

A

peers

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5
Q

developmental tasks of adolescense

A

establishing a sense of identity
separation from family
career planning
establishing close peer relationships
intimacy

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6
Q

adolescence physiological changes

A

weight gain- usually occurs before growth spurt
active sweat glands
stomach and intestines increase in size
increased appetite
lung volume increases
molars and wisdom teeth erupt
improved hand eye coordination

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7
Q

what does estrogen cause in both males and females

A

bone growth

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8
Q

what is testosterone linked with

A

a increase risk of risk behavior (in both males and females)= poor decisions

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9
Q

what does estrogen do in women

A

Estrogen stimulates ovulation and causes growth of breast in females

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10
Q

boys puberty

A

between age 10 and 13

growth of testes and scrotal sac
growth of pubic hair
growth of facial hair and underarm
rapid height growth
growth of penis
change in voice
nocturnal emissions

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11
Q

girls puberty

A

breast development (avg age 9)
rapid height/weight growth
growth of pubic hair
growth of underarm hair
menarche (avg age 11)

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12
Q

what is causing girls to get periods earlier

A

FOOD!

other factors-in a home with high stress, being African American, being obese

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13
Q

what causes a period to come later in age

A

being excessively thin

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14
Q

late maturation boys vs girls

A

boys- more issues with social problems. treated like kids

girls- not as much effected

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15
Q

early maturation in boys vs girls

A

both are associated with worse actions/behaviors
- they tend to hang with older people, being more likely to get in trouble

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16
Q

adolescents piaget stage

A

formal operation

Can imagine the future
Realizes there is different sides to issues
abstract, speculative thinking

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17
Q

imaginary audience in adolescence

A

Thinking everyone is watching and paying attention to you

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18
Q

personal fable in adolescense

A

Exempt from laws of nature because they’re so special

could make teens feel invulnerable

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19
Q

self regulation

A

thinking for yourself

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20
Q

interdependence

A

parents and teens both work together collectively to make a decision, it is no longer just parent telling child what to do

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21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

Avoids eating- can erupt electrolyte issues, cardio. Fatality rate of up to 20%

appears thin

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22
Q

bullimia nervosa

A

May starve ourselves for a bit then eventually eat. They may use laxatives, excessive exercise, vomiting. These patients appear more as of a average size. Common issues- teeth erosion, esophageal issues

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23
Q

binge eating disorder (BED)

A

people who just keep binge eating

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24
Q

most widely used drug in adolescence

A

marijuana

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25
Q

marijuana effect on adolescence

A

Alters the brain permanently- can cause learning and memory issues in a developing brain. It can change personality

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26
Q

most common person of sexual abuse in girls

A

male adult friend or family member

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27
Q

most common person of sexual abuse in boys

A

non male family member

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28
Q

Eriksons identity vs role confusions

A

age 12-18

trying to figure out who they are

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29
Q

identity formation

A

gaining a sense of who you are

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30
Q

social reference group

A

broadly define groups of which people identify that help to define themselves

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31
Q

4 modes of identity formation

A

foreclosure
identity diffusion
moratorium
identity acheivement

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32
Q

foreclosure

A

Not exploring but made a commitment- not trying things out. Ex- follow parent

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33
Q

identity diffusion

A

no commitment and no exploration- aren’t exploring options and committing, they don’t know or care

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34
Q

moratorium

A

Low commitment, high exploration. Exploring a lot, hasn’t found it yet. Considered the finding yourself stage.

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35
Q

identity achievement

A

Explored and committed. Common in upper adolescence and adulthood

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36
Q

what gender is suicide more common in

A

males

2014 study- 18.2 deaths in 100,000. in girls it is 4.6 deaths

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37
Q

biggest suicide risk factor

A

having a previous attempt

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38
Q

what to assess if suicide considered

A

Do they have access to methods- weapons, cars, meds

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39
Q

when are we concerned with loners

A

if it is involuntary- could lead to depression

if voluntary, not much of a concern

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40
Q

leading cause of death in ages 10-14

A

unintentional injuries
suicide
cancer
birth defects
homicide

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41
Q

leading cause of death in ages 15-24

A

unintentional injuries
suicide
homicide
cancer
heart disease

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42
Q

early adulthood ages

A

20-40

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43
Q

normative events

A

events that are expected, such as marriage

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44
Q

idiosyncratic events

A

Unexpected. But doesn’t have to be negative

ex- death of spouse

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45
Q

eriksons intimacy vs isolation

A

age 18-40

developing a trusting relationship

To be most successful at this stage you need to be finished with the other stage- finding your identity

peak cognitive ability at this age occurs

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46
Q

intimacy

A

Mutually satisfying close relationship. This does not need to be a significant other

47
Q

4 peices of development- Levinson

A

Finding a dream- goal in life
Finding a mentor- someone that helps support you in the goal
Developing the career
Finding intimacy

48
Q

cohabitation

A

living together but not married

divorce rates are higher if this happens

49
Q

family medical leave act (FMLA)

A

if you worked with a employer for 12 months, they cant fire you for a ongoing health issue. This applies to pregnancy as well, could be a chronic issue for you or your child. It does not guarantee that you will get paid, just that you wont get fired.

50
Q

extrinsic motivations for work

A

working for a reason, not actually because you really enjoy it. such as a salary need

51
Q

intrinsic motivations for work

A

working because it feeds your soul

52
Q

role conflicts

A

stem from job demands, work hours, family and work scheduling conflicts, family crises

53
Q

what age hits physiological peak

A

early middle age 20-40

54
Q

endometriosis

A

Tissue that should be inside the uterus grows outsides the uterus. Causing pain. If its not in the uterus when shedding, the blood has no where to leave the body. If its mild it can be treated with chemo. Or a surgery can be done to remove the tissue. This is not connected with STIs

55
Q

2 women diseases linked to STI

A

Ectopic pregnancy
PID

56
Q

sexual health exams for women and men

A

men- teste exam

women- breast exam

57
Q

chlamydia

A

may be no symptoms to painful urination and drainage

treated by abx

may cause PID, infertility in women or scrotal inflammation in men

58
Q

Gonorrhea

A

may have no symptoms, women may have vaginal discharge, men may have painful urination, discharge or tender testes

treated by abx

women may have abdominal pain, infertility or PID
Men may have sterility or urinary blockage

59
Q

syphillis

A

sores on mouth/genitals, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash

treated by abx

over time becomes bad involving organs, death, paralysis

60
Q

trichomoniasis

A

white/yellow/gray discharge and odorous
men usually have no symptoms

treated by abx

may cause premature labor, PID, inflammation of urethra/vagina/cervix

61
Q

herpes

A

painful blisters around genitals, thighs, buttocks

sores may come and go. could spread to baby causing problems

can not be treated! this is a virus. Acyclovir may help

62
Q

exercise in middle age

A

2.5-5 hours of aerobic exercise

muscle strength exercise 2x weekly

63
Q

screenings for early adulthood

A

BP screening every 2 yr
cholesterol repeated every 5 yr
cervical exam and pap-smear every 3-5 yr
dental exam every 6 months
eye exam every 2 yr
vaccines

64
Q

5 leading cause of death age 25-34

A

unintentional injuries
suicide
homicide
heart disease
cancer

65
Q

4 leading cause of death age 35-44

A

unintentional injury
cancer
heart disease
suicide

66
Q

middle adult hood

A

between 40-60 years old

body starts to decline- hearing, visual, etc

67
Q

empty nest

A

parents negotiate roles

marital satisfaction generally increases- stress tends to improve

68
Q

health screening for middle agehood

A

vision checks every 2 years
BP checks yearly
colorectal screening starting at age 45
flu shot yearly
osteoporosis screening at 50
prostate cancer at 45-50 (Especially in black men)
shingles immunization after age 50

69
Q

premenopause

A

estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate
menstruation becomes irregular
begins as early as late 30s

70
Q

peri-menopause

A

usually in lates 40s
hot flashes
sleep deprivation
headaches, mental confusion, and emotional stability

71
Q

pros of HRT

A

effective in reducing unpleasant symptoms
may protect against colon cancer
does protect against bone loss
could help prevent dimentia

72
Q

cons of HRT

A

does not prevent broken bones
higher risk for developing heart disease, stroke, uterine and breast cancer

73
Q

when can you not give HRT

A

history of blood clots, heart disease, stroke, breast cancer

74
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

common in 1/2 of men over age 40

More common in men w cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol

if they have it- first question to ask is what meds they are on

75
Q

eriksons generativity vs self absorption

A

age 40-65

want to contribute

76
Q

men vs women reaction to middle adulthood

A

men- physiologic well being linked to job roles. family is also important

women- more family based rather than career

77
Q

mid life transition “crisis”

A

become aware of mortality
may want to feel young again
think about missed opportunities
engage in behaviors atypical for there character

78
Q

has divorce rate been declining or inclining

A

declining- but so is the number of people getting married

79
Q

factors that increase likehood for divorce

A

cohabitation
marital history
smoking
ethnicity
age difference
desire for children
race

80
Q

factors that decrease the likelihood of divorce

A

education
income
family history (no divorce)
age
sexual history
beleifs

81
Q

top 7 reasons for marriage of 15+ years

A
  1. spouse is best friend
  2. like the personality
  3. marriage is a commitment
  4. marriage is sacred
  5. agree on same goals
  6. grown interesting
  7. they want it to succeed
82
Q

sandwhich generation

A

caring for both kids and parents

83
Q

command generation

A

the people in charge- policy makers

84
Q

role conflict

A

Multiple roles are stressing you out and conflicting eachother

85
Q

role strain

A

A singular role that’s stressing you out

86
Q

4 leading causes of death in ages 45-54

A

cancer
heart disease
unintentional injury
suicide

87
Q

late adulthood

A

age 65-74

88
Q

healthy people 2030 for late adulthood

A

increase lifespan
illness prevention
treatment of disease
reduce fractures
early diagnosis
promote mobility

89
Q

health concerns of late adulthood

A

osteoporosis
risk for falls
increased risk for influenza and pneumonia
cataracts
increased loss of hearing

90
Q

falls

A

Falls are the number one reason for loss of independence and fractures, and number 1 injury related death for late adulthood

91
Q

glaucoma

A

Glaucoma- increased pressure. causes gradual loss of vision. Black from the peripheral that starts to creep in. looses the edges and can creep more and more

92
Q

cataracts

A

Cloudy lens, causing blurry vision across the whole view, and sensitivity to lights

93
Q

polypharmacy in late adulthood

A

forgetfulness
confusion
toxicity due to interactions with other meds
changes with organs
caregiver mistake

encouraged to use pill boxes, education for both patient and caregiver

94
Q

social security

A

US gov pension program. forced payroll deductions throughout a working life

95
Q

medicare

A

government program subsidized by taxes that provide payments for many basic health care services, dictated by congress

96
Q

integrity vs despair

A

age 65 and older
looking back at life with satisfaction, despair is looking back and realizing you didn’t do everything you wanted

97
Q

care options for late adulthood

A

retirement communities
adult day care
assisted living

98
Q

retirement maturity

A

a measure of how well prepared a person is to retire

99
Q

grandparenting

A

helps with integrity
enhances self image, increases activity level, contributes to meaning of life

100
Q

health screenings for late adulthood

A

dental and eye checkups
physical evaluation - BP, labs
assess for substance abuse, overmedication, urinary incontinenece, sexual dysfunction
bone mass
cardiovascular check

101
Q

DARE strategy for healthy aging

A

diet
attitude- positive
renewal- pick yourself u after losses associated with aging
exercise- vigorous activities appropriate to your physical capabilities

102
Q

older population and driving

A

slower reaction times
decreased vision

103
Q

memory loss/dementia

A

dementia- chronic confusion, forgetfulness, personality changes. people with this have a hard time w abstract thinking

some memory loss is normal w aging

temporary loss may occur due to depression or anxiety

104
Q

alzheimers disease

A

linked with aging. involves progressive deterioration of brain cells, particularly those in cerebral cortex

no cure. drugs- cholinesterase inhibitor and glutamate

s/s- memory loss, difficulty performing familiar tasks, language issues, disorientation, decreased judgement, misplacing things, personality changes

diagnosed based off warning signs but cant be actually diagnosed until autopsy

105
Q

exercise in late adulthood

A

muscle strengthening
regular balance exercises

believed to think exercise helps protect cognitive function

106
Q

sleep in adulthood

A

avg sleep at home decreases. may deal with insomnia, sleep apnea

107
Q

geriatrics adulthood

A

age 75 and above

108
Q

4 theories of aging process

A

free radicals- unstable ions cause damage to other cells, which is a theory on why things deteriorate

biological clock- The cells in our body that have a expiration date - then die

wear and tear- over time as we live, we cause wear and tear

immune theory- overtime we also have less of a immune system which makes us more likely to get sick, and harder to recover

109
Q

5 leading causes of death 55-64

A

cancer
heart disease
unintentional injuries
long term resp disease
DM

110
Q

5 leading cause of death 65 and up

A

heart disease
cancer
long term resp disease
stroke
dementia

111
Q

physical changes of geriatrics

A

decrease in height and muscle mass, increase in fat deposits
heart muscle becomes less elastic and o2 exchange slows
lung tissue looses elasticity
decreased blood flow and decreased bladder capacity
retention of glucose and lipids- increased cardio risk
slow in GI
kidneys dont filter as well
thinner skin
decreased hearing
nervous system changes

112
Q

female sexual response to agings

A

menopause does not decrease sexual response, just may cause vaginal dryness

113
Q

male sexual response of aging

A

testosterone decreases between ages of 40-60

decrease in size and firmness of penis. reduced production and motility of sperm
make climacteric

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