test 3 Flashcards
early adolescence
ages 10-13
behaving for rewards
Low self esteem- don’t know who you are
Concrete thinkers
middle adolescence
age 14-16
Experimenting w diff looks, styles, friends
When abstract thinking kicks in
late adolescence
age 17-20
Where we have a better positive self image
adolescence biggest influencer
peers
developmental tasks of adolescense
establishing a sense of identity
separation from family
career planning
establishing close peer relationships
intimacy
adolescence physiological changes
weight gain- usually occurs before growth spurt
active sweat glands
stomach and intestines increase in size
increased appetite
lung volume increases
molars and wisdom teeth erupt
improved hand eye coordination
what does estrogen cause in both males and females
bone growth
what is testosterone linked with
a increase risk of risk behavior (in both males and females)= poor decisions
what does estrogen do in women
Estrogen stimulates ovulation and causes growth of breast in females
boys puberty
between age 10 and 13
growth of testes and scrotal sac
growth of pubic hair
growth of facial hair and underarm
rapid height growth
growth of penis
change in voice
nocturnal emissions
girls puberty
breast development (avg age 9)
rapid height/weight growth
growth of pubic hair
growth of underarm hair
menarche (avg age 11)
what is causing girls to get periods earlier
FOOD!
other factors-in a home with high stress, being African American, being obese
what causes a period to come later in age
being excessively thin
late maturation boys vs girls
boys- more issues with social problems. treated like kids
girls- not as much effected
early maturation in boys vs girls
both are associated with worse actions/behaviors
- they tend to hang with older people, being more likely to get in trouble
adolescents piaget stage
formal operation
Can imagine the future
Realizes there is different sides to issues
abstract, speculative thinking
imaginary audience in adolescence
Thinking everyone is watching and paying attention to you
personal fable in adolescense
Exempt from laws of nature because they’re so special
could make teens feel invulnerable
self regulation
thinking for yourself
interdependence
parents and teens both work together collectively to make a decision, it is no longer just parent telling child what to do
anorexia nervosa
Avoids eating- can erupt electrolyte issues, cardio. Fatality rate of up to 20%
appears thin
bullimia nervosa
May starve ourselves for a bit then eventually eat. They may use laxatives, excessive exercise, vomiting. These patients appear more as of a average size. Common issues- teeth erosion, esophageal issues
binge eating disorder (BED)
people who just keep binge eating
most widely used drug in adolescence
marijuana
marijuana effect on adolescence
Alters the brain permanently- can cause learning and memory issues in a developing brain. It can change personality
most common person of sexual abuse in girls
male adult friend or family member
most common person of sexual abuse in boys
non male family member
Eriksons identity vs role confusions
age 12-18
trying to figure out who they are
identity formation
gaining a sense of who you are
social reference group
broadly define groups of which people identify that help to define themselves
4 modes of identity formation
foreclosure
identity diffusion
moratorium
identity acheivement
foreclosure
Not exploring but made a commitment- not trying things out. Ex- follow parent
identity diffusion
no commitment and no exploration- aren’t exploring options and committing, they don’t know or care
moratorium
Low commitment, high exploration. Exploring a lot, hasn’t found it yet. Considered the finding yourself stage.
identity achievement
Explored and committed. Common in upper adolescence and adulthood
what gender is suicide more common in
males
2014 study- 18.2 deaths in 100,000. in girls it is 4.6 deaths
biggest suicide risk factor
having a previous attempt
what to assess if suicide considered
Do they have access to methods- weapons, cars, meds
when are we concerned with loners
if it is involuntary- could lead to depression
if voluntary, not much of a concern
leading cause of death in ages 10-14
unintentional injuries
suicide
cancer
birth defects
homicide
leading cause of death in ages 15-24
unintentional injuries
suicide
homicide
cancer
heart disease
early adulthood ages
20-40
normative events
events that are expected, such as marriage
idiosyncratic events
Unexpected. But doesn’t have to be negative
ex- death of spouse
eriksons intimacy vs isolation
age 18-40
developing a trusting relationship
To be most successful at this stage you need to be finished with the other stage- finding your identity
peak cognitive ability at this age occurs
intimacy
Mutually satisfying close relationship. This does not need to be a significant other
4 peices of development- Levinson
Finding a dream- goal in life
Finding a mentor- someone that helps support you in the goal
Developing the career
Finding intimacy
cohabitation
living together but not married
divorce rates are higher if this happens
family medical leave act (FMLA)
if you worked with a employer for 12 months, they cant fire you for a ongoing health issue. This applies to pregnancy as well, could be a chronic issue for you or your child. It does not guarantee that you will get paid, just that you wont get fired.
extrinsic motivations for work
working for a reason, not actually because you really enjoy it. such as a salary need
intrinsic motivations for work
working because it feeds your soul
role conflicts
stem from job demands, work hours, family and work scheduling conflicts, family crises
what age hits physiological peak
early middle age 20-40
endometriosis
Tissue that should be inside the uterus grows outsides the uterus. Causing pain. If its not in the uterus when shedding, the blood has no where to leave the body. If its mild it can be treated with chemo. Or a surgery can be done to remove the tissue. This is not connected with STIs
2 women diseases linked to STI
Ectopic pregnancy
PID
sexual health exams for women and men
men- teste exam
women- breast exam
chlamydia
may be no symptoms to painful urination and drainage
treated by abx
may cause PID, infertility in women or scrotal inflammation in men
Gonorrhea
may have no symptoms, women may have vaginal discharge, men may have painful urination, discharge or tender testes
treated by abx
women may have abdominal pain, infertility or PID
Men may have sterility or urinary blockage
syphillis
sores on mouth/genitals, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash
treated by abx
over time becomes bad involving organs, death, paralysis
trichomoniasis
white/yellow/gray discharge and odorous
men usually have no symptoms
treated by abx
may cause premature labor, PID, inflammation of urethra/vagina/cervix
herpes
painful blisters around genitals, thighs, buttocks
sores may come and go. could spread to baby causing problems
can not be treated! this is a virus. Acyclovir may help
exercise in middle age
2.5-5 hours of aerobic exercise
muscle strength exercise 2x weekly
screenings for early adulthood
BP screening every 2 yr
cholesterol repeated every 5 yr
cervical exam and pap-smear every 3-5 yr
dental exam every 6 months
eye exam every 2 yr
vaccines
5 leading cause of death age 25-34
unintentional injuries
suicide
homicide
heart disease
cancer
4 leading cause of death age 35-44
unintentional injury
cancer
heart disease
suicide
middle adult hood
between 40-60 years old
body starts to decline- hearing, visual, etc
empty nest
parents negotiate roles
marital satisfaction generally increases- stress tends to improve
health screening for middle agehood
vision checks every 2 years
BP checks yearly
colorectal screening starting at age 45
flu shot yearly
osteoporosis screening at 50
prostate cancer at 45-50 (Especially in black men)
shingles immunization after age 50
premenopause
estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate
menstruation becomes irregular
begins as early as late 30s
peri-menopause
usually in lates 40s
hot flashes
sleep deprivation
headaches, mental confusion, and emotional stability
pros of HRT
effective in reducing unpleasant symptoms
may protect against colon cancer
does protect against bone loss
could help prevent dimentia
cons of HRT
does not prevent broken bones
higher risk for developing heart disease, stroke, uterine and breast cancer
when can you not give HRT
history of blood clots, heart disease, stroke, breast cancer
erectile dysfunction
common in 1/2 of men over age 40
More common in men w cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol
if they have it- first question to ask is what meds they are on
eriksons generativity vs self absorption
age 40-65
want to contribute
men vs women reaction to middle adulthood
men- physiologic well being linked to job roles. family is also important
women- more family based rather than career
mid life transition “crisis”
become aware of mortality
may want to feel young again
think about missed opportunities
engage in behaviors atypical for there character
has divorce rate been declining or inclining
declining- but so is the number of people getting married
factors that increase likehood for divorce
cohabitation
marital history
smoking
ethnicity
age difference
desire for children
race
factors that decrease the likelihood of divorce
education
income
family history (no divorce)
age
sexual history
beleifs
top 7 reasons for marriage of 15+ years
- spouse is best friend
- like the personality
- marriage is a commitment
- marriage is sacred
- agree on same goals
- grown interesting
- they want it to succeed
sandwhich generation
caring for both kids and parents
command generation
the people in charge- policy makers
role conflict
Multiple roles are stressing you out and conflicting eachother
role strain
A singular role that’s stressing you out
4 leading causes of death in ages 45-54
cancer
heart disease
unintentional injury
suicide
late adulthood
age 65-74
healthy people 2030 for late adulthood
increase lifespan
illness prevention
treatment of disease
reduce fractures
early diagnosis
promote mobility
health concerns of late adulthood
osteoporosis
risk for falls
increased risk for influenza and pneumonia
cataracts
increased loss of hearing
falls
Falls are the number one reason for loss of independence and fractures, and number 1 injury related death for late adulthood
glaucoma
Glaucoma- increased pressure. causes gradual loss of vision. Black from the peripheral that starts to creep in. looses the edges and can creep more and more
cataracts
Cloudy lens, causing blurry vision across the whole view, and sensitivity to lights
polypharmacy in late adulthood
forgetfulness
confusion
toxicity due to interactions with other meds
changes with organs
caregiver mistake
encouraged to use pill boxes, education for both patient and caregiver
social security
US gov pension program. forced payroll deductions throughout a working life
medicare
government program subsidized by taxes that provide payments for many basic health care services, dictated by congress
integrity vs despair
age 65 and older
looking back at life with satisfaction, despair is looking back and realizing you didn’t do everything you wanted
care options for late adulthood
retirement communities
adult day care
assisted living
retirement maturity
a measure of how well prepared a person is to retire
grandparenting
helps with integrity
enhances self image, increases activity level, contributes to meaning of life
health screenings for late adulthood
dental and eye checkups
physical evaluation - BP, labs
assess for substance abuse, overmedication, urinary incontinenece, sexual dysfunction
bone mass
cardiovascular check
DARE strategy for healthy aging
diet
attitude- positive
renewal- pick yourself u after losses associated with aging
exercise- vigorous activities appropriate to your physical capabilities
older population and driving
slower reaction times
decreased vision
memory loss/dementia
dementia- chronic confusion, forgetfulness, personality changes. people with this have a hard time w abstract thinking
some memory loss is normal w aging
temporary loss may occur due to depression or anxiety
alzheimers disease
linked with aging. involves progressive deterioration of brain cells, particularly those in cerebral cortex
no cure. drugs- cholinesterase inhibitor and glutamate
s/s- memory loss, difficulty performing familiar tasks, language issues, disorientation, decreased judgement, misplacing things, personality changes
diagnosed based off warning signs but cant be actually diagnosed until autopsy
exercise in late adulthood
muscle strengthening
regular balance exercises
believed to think exercise helps protect cognitive function
sleep in adulthood
avg sleep at home decreases. may deal with insomnia, sleep apnea
geriatrics adulthood
age 75 and above
4 theories of aging process
free radicals- unstable ions cause damage to other cells, which is a theory on why things deteriorate
biological clock- The cells in our body that have a expiration date - then die
wear and tear- over time as we live, we cause wear and tear
immune theory- overtime we also have less of a immune system which makes us more likely to get sick, and harder to recover
5 leading causes of death 55-64
cancer
heart disease
unintentional injuries
long term resp disease
DM
5 leading cause of death 65 and up
heart disease
cancer
long term resp disease
stroke
dementia
physical changes of geriatrics
decrease in height and muscle mass, increase in fat deposits
heart muscle becomes less elastic and o2 exchange slows
lung tissue looses elasticity
decreased blood flow and decreased bladder capacity
retention of glucose and lipids- increased cardio risk
slow in GI
kidneys dont filter as well
thinner skin
decreased hearing
nervous system changes
female sexual response to agings
menopause does not decrease sexual response, just may cause vaginal dryness
male sexual response of aging
testosterone decreases between ages of 40-60
decrease in size and firmness of penis. reduced production and motility of sperm
make climacteric
