test 1 Flashcards
anything that changes between start of life and death
lifespan
6 things that impacts development
biology- genetics
environment
culture
political climate
disabilities
abuse
socio culture impacts on lifespan
role in family- siblings
culture
society
history
Socioeconomics- money helps with safety
can faith impact how children are raised
yes
factor that gets tested in scientific method
independent varibale
factor that is being measures in scientific method
dependant variable
why use EBP
its based of research on best care for our patients. The goal is better outcomes for them
ethics in research
- protection from harm
- informed consent
- must not be pressured- no bribery
- information obtained remains private and confidential
what do experiments need to be
valid, able to be replicated, reliable- objective
healthy people 2030
evidence based 10 year report card
focuses on achieving health equity
high priority health issues we want to change
obesity
mental health
substance abuse
access to health care
preventative services/meds
mother/infant deaths
reproductive/sexual health
social determinants of health
things that influence health status. such as education, economic stability, neighborhood
what can health status be measured by
birth/death rates
life expectancy
morbidities from disease
access to health care
health insurance coverage
what do we want improve in maternity/infants of next generation
reducing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
promoting folic acid supplements in pregnancy
overall goals for childhood health improvements
increase proportion of children who communicate with their parents
increase health literacy
get sufficient sleep
want school nurses available in all schools
how we plan on decreasing adolescent and young adult death rates
- more access to preventative health visits
- improve school attendance
- improve educational skills
- improve nutritional status
goals for older adults
- improve health and quality of life
- improve physical activity
- increase overall health
- reduce inappropriate meds
- reduce amount of hospital visits
goals for geriatric patients
- reduce # of illness
- reduce hip fractures
- find out more about chronic kidney disease causes and treatments
- increase diagnostics for dementia
culture
set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors shared by common social group
-passed down by family
-can influence food, parenting style
individualistic culture
personal-emphasized
views people as unique
encourages self expression
emphasizes competitiveness
collectivist culture
social emphasized
views people as part of a group
discourages self expression
emphasizes group harmony
Blended family
family with children that is not biological kid of one parent
based on understanding that family functions are interconnected, interventions must involve whole family
family systems theory
what influences family structure
size of family
spacing of siblings
divorce
stepchildren/foster children
chronic illness
use of child care services
competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment or advance personal development
developmental task
autocratic style
childbearing style where decisions are made without input of children
democratic childbearing style
children are encouraged to participate in decision making
laissez-faire child bearing style
offers complete freedom for all members, with no rules, minimal discipline
a family unit that does not offer consistency of members or rules. often results in antisocial behaviors of family members
dysfunctional family
cultural assimilation
How members of a group loses culture and adapts to a diff group
cultural relativism
Not judging a culture for what isn’t considered the norm
culture shock
big change in enviroment
ethnocentrism
Belief your culture is the right one
cultural competence
Acceptance of beliefs that are different then our own
facebook depression
people aren’t eating or sleeping as well because they’re so connected to social media so they get isolated and become depressed. Body shaming and other issues arise
effects of a disaster
PTSD
children may get confused, anxious, withdrawal, have sleeping and eating dysfunctions.
They rely on care givers
genome
unique instructions that have all your cells need to create/maintain body
gene
makes chromosomes. unit of inheritance made of base pairs
allele
genes that have different forms
how are chromosomes arranged
in 23 pairs- 46 total
what chromosome pair is different in males vs females
the 23rd
genotype
genetic code of induvidual
phenotype
the individual observable characteristics
dominant allele
presence is always expressed. 1 in 2 chance that child will get it
recessive allele
2 alleles need to carry in order for it to be present. 1 in 4 chance of child getting
why are men more likely to get a sex linked trait
because they only have one X
How many infants are born with congenital abnormalities
3 in 100
gene therapy
placing a therapeutic gene on the back of a virus vector, virus enters specific cells in the body and carries the new gene into the cell that has a missing or defective gene
down syndrome
most common autosomal anomaly
affects 1 in 700 babies
heart abnormalities, hearing problems, respiratory problems, high risk for leukemia
what results if fertilization takes place
a zygote
germinal
0 to 2 weeks
active cell division
when twins may develop
teratogens not a concern yet
embryonic phase
2 to 8 weeks
begins when implantation is complete
all organ systems are in place by end of this phase, except the brain
structures form- placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac
fetal phase
9 to 38 weeks
organs and systems mature and develop
monozygotic
identical twins, same sex
dizygotic twins
two eggs are released and unites with a different sperm. twins are fraternal
viability
happens at 24 weeks, meaning baby has 50% chance of surviving outside the womb
age fetus can open eye
24 weeks
age fetus can feel pain and touch, respond to sound and vibration
week 28
what age does fetus have rapid body weight gain, have most bones, and could survive without medical intervention
week 32
weeks in which baby shifts to head down, and antibodies are passed from mother
weeks 36-38
what age puts mothers at risk for having a child with down syndrome
45
1 in 25 mothers at this age
why exercise when pregnant
maintain health, improve energy level, mood, sleep, muscle tone, and decrease risk of gestational diabetes
how is mother to infant HIV transmission almost reduced to 0
using HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), and C section
are microbiomes good for baby
yes
how do we encourage bonding between mother and baby
skin to skin contact
2 types of reflexes babies are born with
survival- breathing, sucking, rooting, sneezing, gagging
primitive
developmental tasks and responses of neonate
feeding patterns
trusting
sleeping 15-20 hours
swaddling, cuddling, sucking, wrapping, rocking, nonnutritive sucking-pacifier
how babys learn
Cephalocaudal- infants will learn from heed to toe. They’ll learn to hold head up before sit, then sit before stand
Proximodistal- develop from near to far. Trunk to extremities. Eventually they’ll learn to use their hands
epigenetics
how experience shapes genetics
freud oral stage
birth to 18 months
pleasure from stimulation of mouth, lips and oral activities
freud anal phase
18 months to 3 years
toilet training
freud phallic phase
age 3-6yrs
focused on genitals and gender roles
freud latency phase
age 6-12 yrs
focuses on developing cognitive and interpersonal skills
freud genital stage
age 12yrs and up
sexual impulses and connecting with romantic partners
Freuds psychosexual theory
ID- unconscious level of basic impulses
Ego- conscious. Seek ways to do it. Decided based off consequences
Superego- moral judgments about right and wrong
systems views
emphasis on overall social context in which development occurs
psychodynamic views
emphasis on personality and social development
Ericksons Trust vs mistrust
birth to 12 months
trustworthiness of environment from caregiver
Ericksons autonomy vs shame and doubt
12 months to 3 years
toddlers learning how to control own body
Erikson’s industry vs inferiority
6yrs to 12 yrs
children develop numerous skills and competencies. want to be successful
Ericksons ego identity vs ego diffusion
age 12yr-18
trying to find their identity
erikson’s intimacy vs isolation
age 18yr to 40
Having a person you can share your innermost thoughts on
erikson’s generativity vs self absorption
age 40 yrs to 65
Want to contribute to the well being of others, if not then were focused on yourself
Ericksons integrity vs despair
age 65yrs and above
last stage of life, they look back on it, are they proud of their life?
survival of fittest- charles darwin
Genes that help us survive is what will get passed on
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
from birth to 2 years
learn through senses
Piaget’s preoperational
age 2-7 yrs
uses symbols like language. does not completely understand so worry about safety
piaget’s concrete operational
age 7 to 11/12
starts to think logically
piaget’s formal operational
age 11/12 and beyond
explores logical situations and asks “what if”. understands thoughts of others.
