test 3 Flashcards
short-term homeostasis of REM sleep example
- A lengthy REM sleep episode exhausts the homeostatic drive for REM sleep, so there is time for a long NREM sleep episode before the independent drive for REM sleep again reaches threshold and initiates REM sleep again
- A short REM sleep episode does not exhaust the drive for REM sleep, so only a short NREM sleep episode can follow before the REM sleep initiation threshold is reached again
Disrupted sleep»_space;
more pain the next day in people with fibromyalgia and burn injuries
why have two regulatory mechanisms?
- Circadian clock sets the timing for sleep etc. based on the patterns that have served a species well over evolutionary time
- But circadian system can fail in unusual circumstances (e.g., inadequate food, water, or sleep)
- Homeostatic mechanisms function as an emergency backup system
homeostasis?
the mechanism by which organisms respond to spontaneous or externally induced changes in their internal environments by corrective actions that restore the initial condition
Sleep deprivation prevents the…
typical morning decline in Aβ levels in CSF
hypersomnia symptoms
- Primary complaint is daytime sleepiness where the cause is not disturbed nocturnal sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms
- Daytime sleepiness: the inability to stay alert and awake during major waking episodes of the day, resulting in unintended lapses into sleep
*not narcolepsy
hypocretin =
associated with arousal
issues comparing sleep patterns method
- EEG on animals must be done in a lab-type setting. Lab environment effects sleep parameters compared to natural environment.
- Actigraphy in natural habitat can change behaviour and effect measurements
- Cerebral mass (brain size) does not necessarily mean more neurons or increased cognitive function
disk over water: deprivation/approach/controls
- ‘total’ or stage-selective; short or very long-term (weeks)
- passive (& active); sleep onset triggers requirement to wake & walk briefly to avoid falling into shallow pool
- control animal in same environment loses much less sleep
two process model of sleep regulation?
homeostatic model of sleep regulation
sleep spindles are involved in
regulating sensory filtering and attention while awake
REM sleep deprivation leads to
increased REM sleep amounts on recovery nights
Ratities REM sleep
(diverse group of flightless, large, long-necked, and long-legged birds)
- are primitive species and show mixed REM sleep features
Reciprocal causal relationship between sleep disturbances and anxiety
-Cognitive behavioural therapy aimed at reducing insomnia symptoms given to those with cooccurring anxiety»_space; significant reductions in reported levels of anxiety
-Cognitive behaviour therapy aimed at treating anxiety symptoms in GAD»_space; reductions in reported insomnia symptoms
Observational studies have consistently found that adults with short sleep have….
higher weight
….but increasing the amount of REM sleep does not…
result in rebound decreases the following night
unihemispheric sleep
electrophysiologically defined sleep in one cerebral hemisphere while the other hemisphere remains awake
SWA is associated with
increase flow of blood and CSF into human brain
pro-inflammatory leukocytes example
interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, and tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-⍺
ostrich REM sleep
- Brainstem REM sleep features (i.e., eyes closed, REM, reduced muscle tone in neck)
- Forebrain slow waves or an activated EEG
Physiological changes in rats in DOW studies observed after…
NREM and REM sleep deprivation (although more slowly with REM sleep deprivation)
Daily rhythm with increasing levels of Aβ in the CSF during….
daytime waking and lowest levels immediately after a night’s sleep
rats results?
not consistent, could be affected by strain or methods used
association between poor regulation of glucose and delayed chronotype/increased social jetlag also supported by
PSG and actigraphy studies — not just self report