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Psych of Gender > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who dies at a younger age?

A

Males

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2
Q

What ages are men most likely to die?

A

Adolescence and young adulthood

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3
Q

Who has the higher ratio at birth?

A

Males

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4
Q

Who lives longer in the US?

A

Women by 5 years on average

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5
Q

Why is the sex gap narrowing?

A

Decrease heart disease and cancer mortality

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of death?

A

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory disease

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7
Q

What do the leading causes of death have in common?

A

All depend on lifestyle and behavioral factors

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8
Q

What disease has a higher mortality rate for women?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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9
Q

Which gender is more likely to be a victim of homicide?

A

Men

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10
Q

What are artifacts?

A

Methodological variables that might lead to the appearance of sex difference even when differences do not exist

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11
Q

What are the two main artifacts in health?

A

Socioeconomic Status and Physician Bias

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12
Q

Who believes in preventive health care more?

A

Women

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13
Q

What are examples of preventive health care?

A

Healthy eating, regular check-ups, following medicine instructions

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14
Q

Who smokes more?

A

Men

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15
Q

Which gender does stop smoking programs work on more?

A

Men

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16
Q

Who has a higher blood-alcohol level?

A

Women

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17
Q

Who drinks more?

A

Men after 25

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18
Q

Who binge drinks more?

A

Men

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19
Q

Who seeks treatment for drugs more?

A

Men

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20
Q

Who uses more drugs?

A

Men

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21
Q

Who uses more pain-relieving meds?

A

Women

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22
Q

Who uses Mary Jane more?

A

Men

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23
Q

Who has android obesity more?

A

Men

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24
Q

What is android obesity?

A

Belly Fat

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25
Q

Who has more gynoid obesity?

A

Women

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26
Q

What is gynoid obesity?

A

Fat around the hips

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27
Q

Who meets the aerobic guidelines more?

A

Men

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28
Q

Who engages more in individual sports?

A

Women

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29
Q

Who engages more in team sports?

A

Men

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30
Q

Whose jobs have the worst health risks?

A

Men; fix stuff and hazardous

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31
Q

Who has worse driving skills?

A

Men; more risky behavior

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32
Q

Who wears a seatbelt more?

A

Females

33
Q

What is the sick role hypothesis?

A

Sex differences in medical care utilization are due to women’s greater tendency to adopt the sick role

34
Q

What is a sick role?

A

Labeling symptoms as illness and responding to it

35
Q

What is the nurturant role hypothesis?

A

Women’s roles require them to attend to the needs of others, and taking care others interferes with taking care of oneself

36
Q

What is the best predictor of psychological well-being?

A

Agency

37
Q

What is an unmitigated agency?

A

Reluctant to seek help, difficulties with emotional expression, and feelings of invulnerability

38
Q

What is unmitigated communion?

A

Greater psychological distress, interpersonal stress, overly involved in taking care of others

39
Q

Who has more intensive support networks?

A

Women; functional

40
Q

Who has more extensive support networks?

A

Men; structural

41
Q

What is a main effect?

A

Directly linked to a psychological state

42
Q

What is a buffering effect?

A

Buffering against the negative effects of stressors

43
Q

What is interpersonal protection theory?

A

Differences in social support across the marital statuses

44
Q

What is the effect of widowhood on men?

A

Negative; greater loss of support, no outreach

45
Q

What is the Gender Tension Line?

A

Point which people feel uncomfortable with further change

46
Q

What is intimate terrorism?

A

Rooted in control, repetition of violence use of control, emotional abuse, minimizing

47
Q

What is violent resistance?

A

Violent efforts on the part of the victim to resist control

48
Q

What is situational couple violence?

A

Occasional episodes of violent behavior precipitated by stressful events

49
Q

What was the marital exemption clause?

A

The forcible penetration of the body of a women, not the wife of the perpetrator

50
Q

What are some challenges in measuring the frequency of rape or sexual coercion?

A

Underreported, vague definitions, some don’t consider anal or oral sex rape

51
Q

What is the differential exposure hypothesis?

A

differences in the kinds of roles women and men possess explain sex differences in health

52
Q

What is the differential vulnerability hypothesis?

A

Roles have different effects on health for women and men

53
Q

Who is associated with better health because of paid jobs?

A

Males

54
Q

What is the role scarcity hypothesis?

A

Multiple roles have a negative effect on health because time and resources are scarce and limited

55
Q

What is the role expansion hypothesis?

A

Benefits are to be gained from having diverse roles

56
Q

What is access discrimination?

A

Situation in which an individual is not offered a given job or is offered a lesser job because of some defining characteristic

57
Q

What is treatment discrimination?

A

Situation in which an individual receives a reduced salary or reduced opportunities for promotion compared to other individuals having the same job

58
Q

What is the glass ceiling?

A

Label applied to barriers to the advancement of women and minorities in organizations

59
Q

What is denial of disadvantages?

A

Condition in which women perceive that discrimination exists but deny that they personally are victims of it

60
Q

What is a quid pro quo?

A

One person offers work benefits or threatens work repercussions in exchange for sexual favors

61
Q

What is hostile environment sxual harassment?

A

Person is faced with a hostile, intimidating owrk environment

62
Q

What are the three levels of sexual harassment?

A
  1. Gender Harassment
  2. Unwanted sexual attention
  3. Sexual coercion
63
Q

What are the effects of sexual harassment on job performance?

A

Negative job outcomes, increased psychological distress, poorer physical health

64
Q

What is sex-role spillover theory?

A

Expectations about women’s and men’s roles carry over to the workplace when they are not appropriate or relevant

65
Q

What artifacts are there to depression?

A

Clinician bias, response bias, and manifestations

66
Q

What is clinician bias?

A

Interpret depression symptoms more in women, prescribe heart disease in males more instead

67
Q

What is response bias?

A

Men are less likely to report depression since it’s inconsistent with gender roles

68
Q

How is distress defined for women?

A

Guilt, body dissatisfaction, feelings of failure

69
Q

How is distress defined for men?

A

Unfriendly, turn to alcohol

70
Q

What is differential item functioning?

A

Some items are more likely to be associated with a trait among men versus women

71
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

sense of giving up because women perceive that nothing can be done to alter the situation

72
Q

Who uses tend and befriend?

A

Women

73
Q

Who uses fight or flight?

A

Men

74
Q

What is the role of unmitigated communion in depression?

A

External focus, self-neglect and overinvolvement in others’ problems

75
Q

What is gender intensification?

A

Gender roles and their associated norms become salient to females and males

76
Q

Who has more negative body images?

A

Teenage and adult females

77
Q

Who wants to gain weight and muscle more?

A

Men

78
Q

Who wants to lose weight more?

A

Women

79
Q

What is body objectification?

A

Social and cultural forces that sexually objectify women, which lead women to continually monitor their bodies and evaluate themselves based on their appearances

Psych of Gender (3 decks)

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