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Psych of Gender > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sex

A

Distinguished by genes, chromosomes, and hormones

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2
Q

Gender

A

Social categories set apart by psychological features and role attributes

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3
Q

Gender Role

A

Social position accompanied by a set of norms

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4
Q

Intrarole Conflict

A

Expectations with a role conflict each other

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5
Q

Interrole Conflict

A

Expectations of one role conflict with another role’s expectations

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6
Q

Gender Identity

A

Perception of the self

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7
Q

Feminist

A

believe women and men should be treated equally

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8
Q

What do feminists value?

A

Gender equality, then activism

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9
Q

Sexism

A

attitudes of prejudice towards people based on sex

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10
Q

Gender-role sterotype

A

cognitive beliefs about the features of the psychological or biological categories of male and female

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11
Q

Sex discrimination

A

differential treatment towards men and women

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12
Q

Correlation

A

Observing the relationship between two variables

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13
Q

Experiment

A

manipulating one variable and observing the effect on another

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14
Q

Internal validity

A

confidence that the true cause of the effect is being studied

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15
Q

External validity

A

confidence that the results from an experiment generalize to the real world

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16
Q

Construct validity

A

making sure what you’re measuring is what you set out to test

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17
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

Summary of a lot of studies to develop a conclusion

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18
Q

Social Desirability Bias

A

people anwer in a socially acceptable way

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19
Q

Confirmation bias

A

looking for results that fit your thinking

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20
Q

Selection bias

A

bias in how you choose groups

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21
Q

Recent reserach trends

A
  1. Multifaceted constructs of gender
  2. Roles are affected by social context
  3. Shifting the focus to perceiver effects
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22
Q

Gender Role Strain

A

Tension from not fulfilling your assigned gender role “duties”

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23
Q

Social Construct Theory

A

The way men and women act is based on the culture and norms around them

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24
Q

Gender Ideology

A

Attitudes towards gender roles

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25
Q

Tradition Gender Ideology

A

Men sphere is work and women’s sphere is home

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26
Q

Egalitarian Gender Ideology

A

Power is distributed equally, and each identify equally with the same spheres

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27
Q

Transitional Gender Ideology

A

It’s okay to identify with the same sphere but women should devote more time with kids and men should work a bit more

28
Q

Discrimination

A

treat people differently based on differences

29
Q

Hostile Discrimination

A

feelings of hostility towards women reflected by negative assumptions about them

30
Q

Benevolent Discrimination

A

underestimating women

31
Q

Stereotype

A

set of beliefs about a certain group of people

32
Q

Ideology

A

attitudes of how roles should be shaped

33
Q

Category Based expectancy

A

assumptions based on characteristics of general categories of which they belong

34
Q

Target-based expectancy

A

perceptions based on individual info

35
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

when expectations influence behavior towards someone

36
Q

Backlash Effect

A

the penalty that is imposed on people for counter stereotypical behavior

37
Q

What spatial ability are men good at?

A

Mental Rotation

38
Q

What spatial ability are women good at?

A

Object location memory

39
Q

Sex Differences in Math

A

Female: more negativity, lower self-concepts of ability

Considered male field

40
Q

Sex Differences in Verbal ability

A

Female: talk earlier, better grammar and writing
Male: reading difficulty, stuttering

41
Q

Empathy

A

feeling the same emotion as another person

42
Q

Sex Differences in Aggression

A

Male: more likely to be physically aggressive, medium arousal brings more aggression

43
Q

Sex Differences in Sexuality

A

Male: more partners, more casual sex, masturbation, pornography
Female: slightly more same-sex sexual behavior, varied

44
Q

File Drawer Problem

A

Research doesn’t get published because it won’t get people’s attention

45
Q

Object relations theory

A
  1. importance of early relationships in establishing gender identity
  2. Family structure and early social experiences determine sexuality
  3. mothers are responsible for the development of distinct gender roles
46
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

we learn behavior that is modeled and we learned behavior that’s reinforced

47
Q

Modeling

A

tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes, and emotional responses

48
Q

Reinforcement

A

the process of encouraging or establishing a belief or pattern of behavior, especially by encouragement or reward.

49
Q

Gender Role Socialization Theory

A

fundamental assumptions about agents in the environment

50
Q

Parent Agent

A

Treat genders differently; encourage agentic for males and communal for females

51
Q

Other People Agent

A

stereotype people we don’t know

52
Q

Toy Agent

A

color, packaging, and type made for a specific gender

53
Q

Book Agent

A

Damsels in Distress and Knights in Shining Armor

54
Q

TV Agent

A

Female sexual features exaggerated, traditional roles, female underrepresentation in sports

55
Q

Ad Agent

A

Market to different genders

56
Q

Social Role Theory

A

focuses on society and how societal role structure shape behavior across groups of people

57
Q

Cognitive Development Theory

A

acquisition of gender roles takes place in the head

58
Q

Schema

A

category that contains info about the features of the category, as well as association with other categories

59
Q

Gender Schematic

A

using gender category as a guiding principle in behavior

60
Q

Gender Aschematic

A

doesn’t use gender category as a guiding principle

61
Q

3 Determinates of Gendered Behavior

A
  1. Perceiver’s expectations
  2. target’s self-concept
  3. situation
62
Q

Cognitive confirmation

A

we see what we want to see

63
Q

Behavioral confirmation

A

perceiver’s expectations actually alters target’s behavior

64
Q

Self-verification

A

concerns with behaving consistent with self-concepts

65
Q

Self-Preservation

A

concerns with how our behavior is seen by others

66
Q

Self-Monitoring

A

the extent one is concerned with self-preservation or self-verification

Psych of Gender (3 decks)

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