Test 2b Flashcards
Cranial Cavity
- Formed by cranial bones
- Contains brain
Vertebral canal
- Formed by vertebral column
- Contains spinal cord and beginning of spinal nerves
Thoracic cavity
- Formed by ribs, muscles of chest, sternum, thoracic portion of vertebral column
- Chest cavity contains pleural + pericardial cavities and mediastinum
Pleural Cavity
- Surrounds lung
- Serous membrane = Pleura
Pericardial Cavity
- Surrounds heart
- Serous membrane = Pericardium
Mediastinum
- Central portion of thoracic cavity between lungs
- Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Extends from diaphragm to the groin
- Divided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavities
Abdominal cavity
- Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine
- Serous membrane = Peritoneum
Pelvic cavity
- Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
Viscera
Organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Connective Tissue Functions
- Bind, support, protect, insulate, energy, immunity
Fibroblasts
- Large flat cells that move through connective tissue
- Secrete fibers and ground substance
Mast cells
- Abundant along blood vessel
- Produce histamine that dilate during inflammation
Plasma cells
- Develop from B lymphocytes
- Secrete antibodies
Ground Substance
- Material between cells and fibers
- Supports cells and fibers, binds them together, provides medium for exchanging substances between blood and cells
Neutrophils/Eosinophils
- WBC that assists with infections
Adipocytes
- Store fats
- Found below skin, and around organs (heart, kidney)
Macrophages
- Develop from monocytes and destroy bacteria and cell debris
Collagen Fibers
- Very strong + resists tensile forces but not stiff, allowing flexibility
- Found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
Elastic fibers
- Found in skin, blood vessel walls, lung tissue
Reticular Fibers
- Provide support and strength
- Consists of collagen
- Found in tissues
Areolar Connective Tissue
L: Subcutaneous layer deep to skin, papillar region of skin, lamina propria, and around blood vessels, nerves, and body organs
F: Strength, elasticity, and support
Adipose Connective Tissue
L: Found where areolar connective tissue is located, subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around heart and kidneys, yellow bone marrow, padding around joints, behind eyeball
F: Reduces heat loss through skin, energy reserve, protects organs
Reticular Connective Tissue
L: Stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow
F: Forms stroma of organs, binds together smooth muscle tissue cells, filters/removes worn out blood cells
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
L: Forms tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses
F: Provides strong attachment between various structures
Dense Irregular Tissue
L: Fascia, reticular region of dermis of skin, fibrous pericardium of heart, periosteum of bone, perichondrium of cartilage, joint capsules, membrane capsules around various organs, heart valves
F: Provides tensile (pulling) strength in many directions
Elastic Tissue
L: Lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, trachea, bronchia tubes, and some ligaments between vertebrae
F: Allows stretching of various organs, can recoil to its original shape after being stretched
Hyaline Cartilage
L: Ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, part of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, embryonic and fetal skeleton
F: Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility and support
Fibrocartilage
L: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci, portions of tendons that insert into cartilage
F: Support and joining structures together
Elastic Cartilage
L: Top of larynx, part of external ear, auditory tubes
F: Provides strength and elasticity, maintains shape of certain structures
