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Functional Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Organization

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. System Level
  6. Organismal Level
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2
Q

Standard Position

A
  • Subject stands erect facing observer
  • Head level and eyes facing forward
  • Lower limbs parallel
  • Feet flat on floor directed forward
  • Upper limbs at side
  • Palms facing forward
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3
Q

Superior

A

Above or higher in position; Toward the head

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4
Q

Cranial

A

Relating to the skull or head; Toward the head

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Below or lower in position; Toward the feet

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6
Q

Rostral

A

Relating to the hose and mouth region; Toward the face

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7
Q

Caudal

A

Relating to the tail; at or near the tail or posterior part of the body

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

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10
Q

Ventral

A

Relating to the belly side of the body; Toward the belly

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11
Q

Dorsal

A

Relating to the back side of the body; Toward the back

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12
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

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14
Q

Intermediate

A

Between two structures

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body’s midline as another structure

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body’s midline from another structure

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachmen of a limb to the trunk; Nearer to the origination of a structure

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18
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; Farther from the origination of a structure

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19
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or on the surface of the body

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20
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

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21
Q

External

A

Toward the outside of a structure

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22
Q

Internal

A

Toward the inside of a structure

23
Q

Cephalic

A

Towards the head

24
Q

Coronal Plane

A
  • Frontal Plane
  • Upright / Rotating sideways
25
Q

Transverse Plane

A
  • Horizontal Plane
  • Rotating sideways
26
Q

Paramedian Plane

A
  • Parasagittal Plane
  • Doesn’t pass through the midline
  • Upright/Rotate forward and backward
27
Q

Median plane

A
  • Sagittal Plane
  • Upright/Rotate forward and backward
28
Q

Body Cavities

A
  • Cranial Cavity
  • Thoracic Cavity
  • Adominopelvic Cavity
29
Q

Cranial Cavity

A
  • Contains vertebral canal
30
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A
  • Contains pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum
31
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A
  • Contains abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
32
Q

Parietal membrane

A

Lines space, further from organ

33
Q

Visceral membrane

A

Closest to organ

34
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Variably present cells
  • Phagocytosis
  • Fixed/resting, wandering
  • WBC Origin (monocytes)
35
Q

Reticular Fibers

A
  • Fibroblasts > Fibers
36
Q

Fibroblasts

A
  • Variably present cells
  • Form the matrix
  • Flat, spindle
  • Branched
37
Q

Collagen Fibers

A
  • Fibroblasts > Fibers
38
Q

Mast Cells

A
  • Variably present cells
  • Along blood vessels
  • WBC Origin (Basophils)
  • Histamine (Vasodilator)
39
Q

Plasmacytes

A
  • Variably present cells
  • Small, round
  • WBC Origin (B Lymphocytes)
  • Antibodies (Immunity
40
Q

Ground Substance

A
  • Variable composition (Blood vs. Bone)
  • Supports, binds cells
  • Active exchange medium
41
Q

Neutrophils + Eosinophils

A
  • Variably present cells
  • WBCs
  • Increased number with a condition
42
Q

adipocytes

A
  • Variably present cells
  • Triglyceride storage
  • Subcutaneous, around organs
43
Q

Blood Vessel

A
  • Vascular and nerve supply (cartilage)
  • Tendon, ligament
44
Q

Elastic Fibers

A
  • Fibroblasts > Fibers
45
Q

Areolar Tissue

A

L: Subcutaneous layer, superficial dermis, around organs and blood vessels, lamina propria, common with adipose

F: Strength, Elasticity, Support

46
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

L: Subcutaneous layer, eye sockets, around heart and kidneys, joints, yellow bone marrow

F: Protect, support, insulate, energy reserve

47
Q

Reticular Tissue

A

L: Reticular lamina, organ stroma

F: Organ stroma, binds smooth muscle cells, filters/removes blood cells (spleen) and microbes (lymph nodes)

48
Q

Dense Regular

A

L: Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

F: Strong attachments, resists tension

49
Q

Dense Irregular

A

L: Joint capsules, fascia, deep dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, membranes around organs, heart valves

F: Tensile strength

50
Q

Elastics

A

L: Lungs, arteries, trachea, ligamenta flava

F: Allows stretching, recoil

51
Q

Hyaline

A

Most have perichondrium

L: Developing skeleton, ends long bones, nasal septum, trachea, larynx, rib cage

F: Flexibility, support, smooth joints

52
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

No perichondrium

L: Intervertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphisis, tendon insertions into cartilage

F: Support, fusion, shock absorption

53
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

L: Ear (auricle), epliglottis, auditory tubes

F: Support, maintains shape

Functional Anatomy (4 decks)

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