Test 2.2

Question 1

What are the two pathways for spinothalamic system

Answer 1

Spinal- limbs and truck

Trigeminal -face and neck

Question 2

Where do mechicoreceptors in the spinal system send info to?

Answer 2

Into dorsal root then info is sent from the legs to arm

Question 3

What are the 2 branches of first order sensory neurons

Answer 3

Peripheral- sensory receptor

Central-branches into a number of axon collaterals

Question 4

What does the sensory pathway consists of for spinothalamic system

Answer 4

First order neuron- peripheral sensory axon

Second order neuron- spinal and or medulla

Third order neuron- always in thalamus

Question 5

Where is the body of the second order neuron in the dorsal column system

Answer 5

It is in the caudal medulla and the axon decussates in the caudal to rostal medulla

Question 6

What is referred pain due to

Answer 6

Deals with info converging on second order neuron

Question 7

Where does pain modulation (gating) originate

Answer 7

In midbrain and rostal medulla

Question 8

What is spinal cord damage dependent on

Answer 8

Second order neuron

Question 9

What does pain modulation effect?

Answer 9

Effects each site through endogenous opioids

Question 10

What happens when you apply pressure to pain

Answer 10

You activate larger sensor fibers that have direct inhibition response to pain fibers

Question 11

Explain brown - Sequard syndrome

Answer 11

Complete damage to half of spinal cord resulting in loss of spinothalamic on co-lateral side and loss of dorsal column system on opposite side

Question 12

What fluid is the eye full of

Answer 12

Vitreous humor fluid

Question 13

What is sclera

Answer 13

External connective tissue that coat the eyeball

Question 14

What does the cornea do

Answer 14

Transparent surface of the eyeball in front of the eye that bends light

Question 15

Explain the function of the Lens

Answer 15

Transparent structure actively focuses light on the retina

Question 16

What’s the function of the retina

Answer 16

Neural component of the eye that contains cells that conduct phototransduction and initial visual processing

Question 17

What’s does cilliary body muscle do

Answer 17

Controls focus of lens by increasing refractive power

Question 18

What does iris muscles do

Answer 18

Controls amount of light entering eye by either constriction or dilation

Question 19

True or false

The fovea is not highly concentrated

Answer 19

False it is

Question 20

What is the region surrounding the fovea

Answer 20

Macula lutea

Question 21

True or false

The optic disk has receptors

Answer 21

False it does not its the hole in your vision

Question 22

What’s the sequence of phototransduction

Answer 22

1) activation of G-Protein transducer
2) activation of phosphodiesterase
3) cGMP concentration is reduce

Question 23

What does bipolar cell do

Answer 23

Cell determines weather response to light is an “on” or “off” response

Question 24

What’s the characteristic of ganglion cell

Answer 24

Only cell that produces action potentials

Question 25

What’s the characteristic of photoreceptors

Answer 25

Light is transduced in this cell (uses a lot of energy)

Question 26

Name the cell that sharpens images

Answer 26

Horizontal cell

Question 27

What does spinothalamic system control

Answer 27

Pain and temperature