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HIST 1050-002 > Test 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Test 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

System of city-states in Ancient Greece

A

Polis system

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2
Q

Prominent and major urban center city-state in ancient Greece

A

Athens

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3
Q

Greek city-state in the Peloponnese that focused on military power

A

Sparta

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4
Q

Made a series of reforms in Athens to lay the groundwork for their constitution and a democracy, lawgiver of Athens

A

Solon

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5
Q

Lawgiver and founder? of Sparta

A

Lycurgus

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6
Q

Soldiers in ancient Greece armed with spears and shields, only the rich fought

A

Hoplite

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7
Q

Military education and training program in Sparta

A

Agoge

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8
Q

Philosopher, student of Socrates, mathematician, founder of the Academy in Athens, Aristotle was his student

A

Plato

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9
Q

Philosopher, student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

Lived 518-465 BCE, King of Persia 486-465, Son of Darius, Wanted to take over Athens in honor of his father

A

Xerxes

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11
Q

Mirst major conflict in the Greco-Persian war, Athenians win, Spartans did not show up, fought at Marathon

A

Battle of Marathon

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12
Q

King of Sparta, lead Spartan army during second Greco-Persian war, died at Thermopylae

A

Leonidas

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13
Q

Persians had to pass through a mountain pass to reach Athens, Spartans defended pass for three days, Persians won after coming behind the Spartans by taking a mountain goat path around

A

Battle of Thermopylae

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14
Q

Naval battle after Xerxes demolished Athens, September 480BCE, Greeks tried to surrender through letter, Xerxes attacked, Greek ships were better, fought in a bottleneck, Greeks win

A

Battle of Salamis

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15
Q

Battle where Athenians and Spartans are fully united, largest Greek battle to date, Greeks win and push Persians out of Greece, last battle of the Greco-Persian wars

A

Battle of Plataea

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16
Q

Spartan alliance created in the Peloponnese

A

Peloponnesian League

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17
Q

Athenian politician and general during the Peloponnesian War, created peace treaty with Sparta, led the invasion of Sicily and the siege of Syracuse,

A

Nicias

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18
Q

Had idea to invade Sicily, won cities by siege

A

Alcibiades

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19
Q

Athenians laid siege on Syracuse, a powerful state in Sicily and lost

A

Siege of Syracuse

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20
Q

Last major battle of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta completely destroyed the Athenian navy, Sparta then takes over Athens

A

Battle of Aegospotami

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21
Q

Part of the ancient Greek kingdom that influenced Philip II

A

Macedon

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22
Q

Kind of Macedon, assassinated in 336 BCE, took much influence from Greece

A

Philip II

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23
Q

Alexander builds a causeway to conquer this place and spends a year wearing them out

A

Siege of Tyre

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24
Q

Battle where Alexander beats Darius III and takes control of Asia Minor, Alexander uses cavalry and infantry to win

A

Battle of Issus

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25
Q

Darius has cavalry but not infantry, Alexander wins, Darius is killed by his own general after three defeats as king of Persia

A

Battle of Gaugamela

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26
Q

Period of blending of many arts and cultures by Alexander, namely Egyptian, Greek, and Persian

A

Hellenism

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27
Q

The belief that there is knowledge beyond what a person knows, a person should seek that hidden knowledge, product of neo-platoism, things are dulaistic, mind/spirit is good, flesh is evil, one must transcend their flesh to receive knowledge, universe harmonized through music, Christianity?

A

Gnosticism

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28
Q

Mythical founders of Rome, orphans raised by wolves

A

Romulus and Remus

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29
Q

Drains swamps and other public works in Rome, creates constitution for Rome, Demands census and makes Classes and Tribes, Built sewer, twelve tables?probablynot, lawgiver of Rome

A

Servius Tullius

30
Q

Basic unit in Roman army

A

Legion

31
Q

Struggle between Patricians (older families) and Plebeians (common people), plebeians gain support by protesting and exiling themselves when enemy comes

A

Struggle of the Orders

32
Q

Carthagin that built army in Spain during Punic wars, then marched to Rome and marches around it

A

Hannibal Barca

33
Q

Vero and Paulus decide to march against hanibus with the remaining roman army, attack middle, are surrounded by hanibus, roman army is destroyed

A

Battle of Cannae

34
Q

Marched to Carthage and attacks while Hanibus is in Rome

A

Scipio Africanus

35
Q

Battle where Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal in Carthage

A

Battle of Zama

36
Q

People in Rome that have automatic access to power because of their families

A

Optimates

37
Q

do not have automatic access to power

A

Populares

38
Q

Commander in Jugurthine War in Africa, recruitment from men who offer their loyalty to him, gives them more pay, started using unit symbols, smaller legion units named Cohorts, changed the way Roman army worked, becomes leader of the populares

A

Marius

39
Q

War with Jugurtha, a numidian prince that helped defeat the Carthaginians, defeated by Rome in the end

A

Jugurthine War

40
Q

leader of the optimate, enemy of Marius, conquers land to the east and south and sets up colonies, marches into Rome and takes it over (first one to do so), resigns as dictator before he dies

A

Sulla

41
Q

Given emperium and 18 armies to defeat pirates, become consul, goes further east and south than anyone before him, owns everything around the mediteranian except for Egypt, didn’t know anything about politics

A

Pompey

42
Q

Wanted to gain position, power, and wealth, needed money, caters tot he populare, given emporium to deal with Gaul, takes it over, marches into Rome and takes it over from Pompey

A

Gaius Julius Caesar

43
Q

Area that was basically France and maybe Germany?

A

Gaul

44
Q

Picked by Gaius Julius Caesar to take over after his death, eventually takes over all of Rome after having divided it with Antonius

A

Octavian/Augustus Caesar

45
Q

After death of Nero, four people divide Rome and fight each other, Vetelluis defeats Otho and galba in Spain, Vespasian from the east beats him

A

Year of the Four Emperors

46
Q

9-70, emperor 69-79, really make rome, first to refer to himself as emperor, ends period of civil war, last period of civil unrest for almost two centuries, creates the office of the emperor, restricts all others from wearing the color purple

A

Vespasian

47
Q

series of fortifications along the borders of the roman empire, but a while inside of the borders, not just military barrier but also commercial zone, border district build along these limes, also social and cultural exchange along the border

A

Limes

48
Q

the imperial office

A

The Purple

49
Q

general peace in Rome and slow or no expansion and no outside threats, The good years

A

Pax romana

50
Q

as long as the people are kept happy, they will be content with the government

A

“Bread and circuses”

51
Q

common greek, mix of greek and other arrian? Languages, spoken in Greece and to the east of Rome

A

Koine Greek

52
Q

Roman language of the common people, spoken in the west of Rome, is French

A

Latin

53
Q

188-217, emperor 198-217, his father septimius serverus made him and his brother co-emperors, had his brother killed and became the only emperor, edict by him making all under the rule of the emperor roman citizens

A

Caracalla

54
Q

272-337, emperor 306ish-337, made christianity the religion after he had a dream the night -before the battle, a jewish god appeared to him and told him that he would help him win the battle if he dedicated the empire? To him afterwards

A

Constantine

55
Q

Private army, first made by Gallienus, mostly cavalry, loyal to him

A

Comitatus

56
Q

general and kind of governor of an area, allowed by the prospective emperors to maintain bureaucratic control, creates a kind of feudal system, only paid “lip service” to the emperor

A

Dux

57
Q

I347-395, emperor 379-?, last unified roman emperor, tries to buy off the Germanic tribes, doesn’t work with all tribes, rome is sacked by ? and then Atila the Hun

A

Theodosius I

58
Q

1500-400 BCE first to develop trade culture with each other, develop pictographic system of writing, come up with the mathematical concept of zero, create the long count calendar that uses sun and moon, had some kind of religious system, stone heads, created ball game

A

Olmec

59
Q

Calendar that the Olmec people came up with, (maybe used the moon and sun to keep track of time), went for a long time

A

Long Count Calendar

60
Q

created by zapotec, has public works and structure

A

Monte Albán

61
Q

100 BCE – AD 700, had over 250,000 residents at one time, very large and sophisticated city, pyramids, Aztec city?

A

Teotihuacan

62
Q

Largest discovered pyramid in the world, built by Aztecs?

A

Great Pyramid of Cholula

63
Q

Take examples given and build them on a grand scale, From Yucatan peninsula and towards the south, expand trade to north and south, build many large and great cities, refine stepped pyramids, had their own language, spreads as their empire spreads, had sophisticated writing system and wrote about themselves, had numerical system

A

Maya

64
Q

Nahuatl is the language, unifying factor in their rise, spread to make one of the larger early American empire, conquered tribes around them and then ruled them or allowed them to rule themselves under the their (this term) rule, made human sacrifices, begin their decline around 1500

A

Aztec

65
Q

Native language of the Aztec, gives a great number of words to languages around the world (tomatoe, chocolate, etc.) to things native to the Americas

A

Nahuatl

66
Q

lived in one of the driest places on earth, rely heavily on mountain areas around them and the llama, had sustainable form of agriculture, used puquios to carry rain water and cannel it to their fields via underground tunnels, appear around 500, made geoglyphs, probably build for the Gods to see

A

Nazca

67
Q

Giant drawings made in the ground, supposedly made for the Gods to observe

A

Nazca Lines

68
Q

largest empire in Central and South America, divided between subgroups and kingdoms, have a spoken language but not a written one, made quipu which was a length of rope tied with knots to record data, used to keep records (particularly economic records)

A

Inca

69
Q

Record keeping method of the Inca that used a series of ropes and knots to record data

A

Quipu

70
Q

Athenian alliance that fought against Persia after the Greco-Persian Wars and then against Sparta in the Greek wars, prompted the Peloponnese war

A

Delian League

HIST 1050-002 (3 decks)

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