Test 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

System of city-states in Ancient Greece

Answer 1

Polis system

Question 2

Prominent and major urban center city-state in ancient Greece

Answer 2

Athens

Question 3

Greek city-state in the Peloponnese that focused on military power

Answer 3

Sparta

Question 4

Made a series of reforms in Athens to lay the groundwork for their constitution and a democracy, lawgiver of Athens

Answer 4

Solon

Question 5

Lawgiver and founder? of Sparta

Answer 5

Lycurgus

Question 6

Soldiers in ancient Greece armed with spears and shields, only the rich fought

Answer 6

Hoplite

Question 7

Military education and training program in Sparta

Answer 7

Agoge

Question 8

Philosopher, student of Socrates, mathematician, founder of the Academy in Athens, Aristotle was his student

Answer 8

Plato

Question 9

Philosopher, student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Lived 518-465 BCE, King of Persia 486-465, Son of Darius, Wanted to take over Athens in honor of his father

Answer 10

Xerxes

Question 11

Mirst major conflict in the Greco-Persian war, Athenians win, Spartans did not show up, fought at Marathon

Answer 11

Battle of Marathon

Question 12

King of Sparta, lead Spartan army during second Greco-Persian war, died at Thermopylae

Answer 12

Leonidas

Question 13

Persians had to pass through a mountain pass to reach Athens, Spartans defended pass for three days, Persians won after coming behind the Spartans by taking a mountain goat path around

Answer 13

Battle of Thermopylae

Question 14

Naval battle after Xerxes demolished Athens, September 480BCE, Greeks tried to surrender through letter, Xerxes attacked, Greek ships were better, fought in a bottleneck, Greeks win

Answer 14

Battle of Salamis

Question 15

Battle where Athenians and Spartans are fully united, largest Greek battle to date, Greeks win and push Persians out of Greece, last battle of the Greco-Persian wars

Answer 15

Battle of Plataea

Question 16

Spartan alliance created in the Peloponnese

Answer 16

Peloponnesian League

Question 17

Athenian politician and general during the Peloponnesian War, created peace treaty with Sparta, led the invasion of Sicily and the siege of Syracuse,

Answer 17

Nicias

Question 18

Had idea to invade Sicily, won cities by siege

Answer 18

Alcibiades

Question 19

Athenians laid siege on Syracuse, a powerful state in Sicily and lost

Answer 19

Siege of Syracuse

Question 20

Last major battle of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta completely destroyed the Athenian navy, Sparta then takes over Athens

Answer 20

Battle of Aegospotami

Question 21

Part of the ancient Greek kingdom that influenced Philip II

Answer 21

Macedon

Question 22

Kind of Macedon, assassinated in 336 BCE, took much influence from Greece

Answer 22

Philip II

Question 23

Alexander builds a causeway to conquer this place and spends a year wearing them out

Answer 23

Siege of Tyre

Question 24

Battle where Alexander beats Darius III and takes control of Asia Minor, Alexander uses cavalry and infantry to win

Answer 24

Battle of Issus

Question 25

Darius has cavalry but not infantry, Alexander wins, Darius is killed by his own general after three defeats as king of Persia

Answer 25

Battle of Gaugamela

Question 26

Period of blending of many arts and cultures by Alexander, namely Egyptian, Greek, and Persian

Answer 26

Hellenism

Question 27

The belief that there is knowledge beyond what a person knows, a person should seek that hidden knowledge, product of neo-platoism, things are dulaistic, mind/spirit is good, flesh is evil, one must transcend their flesh to receive knowledge, universe harmonized through music, Christianity?

Answer 27

Gnosticism

Question 28

Mythical founders of Rome, orphans raised by wolves

Answer 28

Romulus and Remus

Question 29

Drains swamps and other public works in Rome, creates constitution for Rome, Demands census and makes Classes and Tribes, Built sewer, twelve tables?probablynot, lawgiver of Rome

Answer 29

Servius Tullius

Question 30

Basic unit in Roman army

Answer 30

Legion

Question 31

Struggle between Patricians (older families) and Plebeians (common people), plebeians gain support by protesting and exiling themselves when enemy comes

Answer 31

Struggle of the Orders

Question 32

Carthagin that built army in Spain during Punic wars, then marched to Rome and marches around it

Answer 32

Hannibal Barca

Question 33

Vero and Paulus decide to march against hanibus with the remaining roman army, attack middle, are surrounded by hanibus, roman army is destroyed

Answer 33

Battle of Cannae

Question 34

Marched to Carthage and attacks while Hanibus is in Rome

Answer 34

Scipio Africanus

Question 35

Battle where Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal in Carthage

Answer 35

Battle of Zama

Question 36

People in Rome that have automatic access to power because of their families

Answer 36

Optimates

Question 37

do not have automatic access to power

Answer 37

Populares

Question 38

Commander in Jugurthine War in Africa, recruitment from men who offer their loyalty to him, gives them more pay, started using unit symbols, smaller legion units named Cohorts, changed the way Roman army worked, becomes leader of the populares

Answer 38

Marius

Question 39

War with Jugurtha, a numidian prince that helped defeat the Carthaginians, defeated by Rome in the end

Answer 39

Jugurthine War

Question 40

leader of the optimate, enemy of Marius, conquers land to the east and south and sets up colonies, marches into Rome and takes it over (first one to do so), resigns as dictator before he dies

Answer 40

Sulla

Question 41

Given emperium and 18 armies to defeat pirates, become consul, goes further east and south than anyone before him, owns everything around the mediteranian except for Egypt, didn't know anything about politics

Answer 41

Pompey

Question 42

Wanted to gain position, power, and wealth, needed money, caters tot he populare, given emporium to deal with Gaul, takes it over, marches into Rome and takes it over from Pompey

Answer 42

Gaius Julius Caesar

Question 43

Area that was basically France and maybe Germany?

Answer 43

Gaul

Question 44

Picked by Gaius Julius Caesar to take over after his death, eventually takes over all of Rome after having divided it with Antonius

Answer 44

Octavian/Augustus Caesar

Question 45

After death of Nero, four people divide Rome and fight each other, Vetelluis defeats Otho and galba in Spain, Vespasian from the east beats him

Answer 45

Year of the Four Emperors

Question 46

9-70, emperor 69-79, really make rome, first to refer to himself as emperor, ends period of civil war, last period of civil unrest for almost two centuries, creates the office of the emperor, restricts all others from wearing the color purple

Answer 46

Vespasian

Question 47

series of fortifications along the borders of the roman empire, but a while inside of the borders, not just military barrier but also commercial zone, border district build along these limes, also social and cultural exchange along the border

Answer 47

Limes

Question 48

the imperial office

Answer 48

The Purple

Question 49

general peace in Rome and slow or no expansion and no outside threats, The good years

Answer 49

Pax romana

Question 50

as long as the people are kept happy, they will be content with the government

Answer 50

"Bread and circuses"

Question 51

common greek, mix of greek and other arrian? Languages, spoken in Greece and to the east of Rome

Answer 51

Koine Greek

Question 52

Roman language of the common people, spoken in the west of Rome, is French

Answer 52

Latin

Question 53

188-217, emperor 198-217, his father septimius serverus made him and his brother co-emperors, had his brother killed and became the only emperor, edict by him making all under the rule of the emperor roman citizens

Answer 53

Caracalla

Question 54

272-337, emperor 306ish-337, made christianity the religion after he had a dream the night -before the battle, a jewish god appeared to him and told him that he would help him win the battle if he dedicated the empire? To him afterwards

Answer 54

Constantine

Question 55

Private army, first made by Gallienus, mostly cavalry, loyal to him

Answer 55

Comitatus

Question 56

general and kind of governor of an area, allowed by the prospective emperors to maintain bureaucratic control, creates a kind of feudal system, only paid "lip service" to the emperor

Answer 56

Dux

Question 57

I347-395, emperor 379-?, last unified roman emperor, tries to buy off the Germanic tribes, doesn’t work with all tribes, rome is sacked by ? and then Atila the Hun

Answer 57

Theodosius I

Question 58

1500-400 BCE first to develop trade culture with each other, develop pictographic system of writing, come up with the mathematical concept of zero, create the long count calendar that uses sun and moon, had some kind of religious system, stone heads, created ball game

Answer 58

Olmec

Question 59

Calendar that the Olmec people came up with, (maybe used the moon and sun to keep track of time), went for a long time

Answer 59

Long Count Calendar

Question 60

created by zapotec, has public works and structure

Answer 60

Monte Albán

Question 61

100 BCE – AD 700, had over 250,000 residents at one time, very large and sophisticated city, pyramids, Aztec city?

Answer 61

Teotihuacan

Question 62

Largest discovered pyramid in the world, built by Aztecs?

Answer 62

Great Pyramid of Cholula

Question 63

Take examples given and build them on a grand scale, From Yucatan peninsula and towards the south, expand trade to north and south, build many large and great cities, refine stepped pyramids, had their own language, spreads as their empire spreads, had sophisticated writing system and wrote about themselves, had numerical system

Answer 63

Maya

Question 64

Nahuatl is the language, unifying factor in their rise, spread to make one of the larger early American empire, conquered tribes around them and then ruled them or allowed them to rule themselves under the their (this term) rule, made human sacrifices, begin their decline around 1500

Answer 64

Aztec

Question 65

Native language of the Aztec, gives a great number of words to languages around the world (tomatoe, chocolate, etc.) to things native to the Americas

Answer 65

Nahuatl

Question 66

lived in one of the driest places on earth, rely heavily on mountain areas around them and the llama, had sustainable form of agriculture, used puquios to carry rain water and cannel it to their fields via underground tunnels, appear around 500, made geoglyphs, probably build for the Gods to see

Answer 66

Nazca

Question 67

Giant drawings made in the ground, supposedly made for the Gods to observe

Answer 67

Nazca Lines

Question 68

largest empire in Central and South America, divided between subgroups and kingdoms, have a spoken language but not a written one, made quipu which was a length of rope tied with knots to record data, used to keep records (particularly economic records)

Answer 68

Inca

Question 69

Record keeping method of the Inca that used a series of ropes and knots to record data

Answer 69

Quipu

Question 70

Athenian alliance that fought against Persia after the Greco-Persian Wars and then against Sparta in the Greek wars, prompted the Peloponnese war

Answer 70

Delian League