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Biomedical Physiology > Test 2 tracts & brain areas > Flashcards

Test 2 tracts & brain areas Flashcards

0
Q

Tonic receptor

A

Does not adapt to stimuli

Ex- walking down stairs you don’t want to stop responding to the proprioception

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1
Q

Phasic receptor

A

Gets used to and stops responding to a stimuli

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2
Q

Monosynaptic

A

Afferent neuron synapses directly to the efferent neuron

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3
Q

Polysynaptic

A

Sensory (Afferent) neuron synapses with interneuron (starts and ends in CNS) then that synapses with efferent neuron

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4
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract

A

Ascending

Carries course touch and pressure from spinal cord to thalamus

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5
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Ascending

Carries pain and temperature from spinal cord to thalamus

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6
Q

Spinocellebellar tract

A

Ascending
Carries proprioception
Spinal cord to cerebellum

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7
Q

Fasiculus cuneatus tract

A

Ascending

Proprioception, fine touch and pressure

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8
Q

Fasiculus gracilis tract

A

Ascending

Proprioception and fine touch and pressure

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9
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Descending
Carries voluntary conscious motor commands
Cerebral cortex to spinal cord
Aka pyramidal tract

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10
Q

Tectospinal tract

A

Descending

Subconscious turning of head due to sound etc

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11
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

Descending

Sub conscious muscle coordination

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12
Q

Vestibulospinal tract

A

Descending

Sub conscious muscle movements to maintain equilibrium

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13
Q

Reticule spinal tract

A

Descending
Subconscious commands to maintain muscle tone
Autonomic command to sweat glands

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14
Q

Commissural tracts

A

Run laterally between then hemispheres

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15
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Largest commissural tract
Holds hemispheres together
Larger in females than in males

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16
Q

Association tracts

A

Run anterior to posterior in the brain

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17
Q

Projection tracts

A

Ascending and descending tracts that run form the spinal cord to the brain

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18
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Coordinate muscle movement
Modulate commands from primary motor area
Involved with facilitation and inhibition of voluntary motor movement

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19
Q

Paleocortex

A

Made up of thalamus and hypothalamus

Is dense with many nuclei

20
Q

Thalamus

A

The relay center of the brain

All input except smell synapse in the thalamus 1st and it integrates it

21
Q

premotor area

A

part of the frontal lobe

where repetitive, practiced/learned motor occurs

22
Q

pre-frontal cortex

A

in the frontal lobe

where reasoning & abstract thinking, concentration, planning, writing and personality occur

23
Q

GNOSTIC

A

general interpretive area

24
Q

wernicke’s area

A

where language occurs

25
Q

transverse tracts

A

run between the pons and cerebellum to update proprioceptive information

26
Q

hipocampus

A

the main nuclei of the thalamus

where memory resides

27
Q

hypothalamus

A

THE visceral center; the link between the nervous system and endocrine system
~the highest neural command center of the autonomic and endocrine systems
the nuclei control- basic instinct behavior, circadian rhythms, temperature cycle, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, phobia, and aggression

28
Q

limbic system

A

spans the thalamus and the hypothalamus
where emotions reside
integrates the emotion content of the sensory info you are receiving
houses the phobic, aggressive, and sex behavior centers

29
Q

corpra quadrigemina

A

upper= superior colliculi= eyeball movements responding to visual stimulus

lower= inferior colliculi= move head in response to sound

30
Q

red nucleus

A

rubrospinal tract starts here

important in muscle coordination

31
Q

pons

A

send copies of info going to the brain to the cerebellum which can override commands to modify motor commands

also houses respiratory nuclei

32
Q

respiratory nuclei

A

in the pons
control breathing rate
can still breathe with loss of upper brain

33
Q

vital center nuclei

A

in the medulla oblongata

controls cardiac and vasomotor centers if the hypothalamus is dead

34
Q

nucleus gracilis

A

in the medulla oblongata

synapse point of ascending fasiculi gracilus

35
Q

nucleus cuneatus

A

in the medulla oblongata

synapse point of fasiculi cuneatus

36
Q

vestibular nucleus

A

vestibulospinal tract originates here

coordinates muscle response to maintain equilibrium

37
Q

reticular formation

A

in medulla oblongata; reticulospinal tract originates here

maintains muscle tone and sweat glands, and maintains consciousness and arousal from sleep

38
Q

cerebellum

A

mini motor brain
important for muscle coordination
works with rubrospinal tract

39
Q

subdural space

A

b/w dura mater and arachnoid layer

contains serous fluid- cuts friction

40
Q

epidural space

A

b/w vertebrae and dura mater

contains lots of blood vessels, lymph vessels and fat

41
Q

subarachnoid space

A

b/w arachnoid layer and pia mater

contain CSF

42
Q

choroid plexus

A

part of pia mater that interacts with ependymal cells to secrete CSF

43
Q

ependymal cells

A

produce CSF

have cilia to circulate CSF

44
Q

periosteal layer

A

sub layer of dura mater right against the skull

45
Q

arachnoid layer

A

has villi that project into the blood sinus b/w periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura mater
CSF enters the villi and drains in the blood sinus into the venus system

46
Q

meningeal layer

A

sub layer of dura mater closer to arachnoid layer

47
Q

adrenal gland

A

made of short sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers

medulla releases E/NE into blood stream to initiate a systemic fight or flight response

Biomedical Physiology (3 decks)

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