Test 2 tracts & brain areas Flashcards
Tonic receptor
Does not adapt to stimuli
Ex- walking down stairs you don’t want to stop responding to the proprioception
Phasic receptor
Gets used to and stops responding to a stimuli
Monosynaptic
Afferent neuron synapses directly to the efferent neuron
Polysynaptic
Sensory (Afferent) neuron synapses with interneuron (starts and ends in CNS) then that synapses with efferent neuron
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Ascending
Carries course touch and pressure from spinal cord to thalamus
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Ascending
Carries pain and temperature from spinal cord to thalamus
Spinocellebellar tract
Ascending
Carries proprioception
Spinal cord to cerebellum
Fasiculus cuneatus tract
Ascending
Proprioception, fine touch and pressure
Fasiculus gracilis tract
Ascending
Proprioception and fine touch and pressure
Corticospinal tract
Descending
Carries voluntary conscious motor commands
Cerebral cortex to spinal cord
Aka pyramidal tract
Tectospinal tract
Descending
Subconscious turning of head due to sound etc
Rubrospinal tract
Descending
Sub conscious muscle coordination
Vestibulospinal tract
Descending
Sub conscious muscle movements to maintain equilibrium
Reticule spinal tract
Descending
Subconscious commands to maintain muscle tone
Autonomic command to sweat glands
Commissural tracts
Run laterally between then hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Largest commissural tract
Holds hemispheres together
Larger in females than in males
Association tracts
Run anterior to posterior in the brain
Projection tracts
Ascending and descending tracts that run form the spinal cord to the brain
Basal nuclei
Coordinate muscle movement
Modulate commands from primary motor area
Involved with facilitation and inhibition of voluntary motor movement
Paleocortex
Made up of thalamus and hypothalamus
Is dense with many nuclei
Thalamus
The relay center of the brain
All input except smell synapse in the thalamus 1st and it integrates it
premotor area
part of the frontal lobe
where repetitive, practiced/learned motor occurs
pre-frontal cortex
in the frontal lobe
where reasoning & abstract thinking, concentration, planning, writing and personality occur
GNOSTIC
general interpretive area
wernicke’s area
where language occurs
transverse tracts
run between the pons and cerebellum to update proprioceptive information
hipocampus
the main nuclei of the thalamus
where memory resides
hypothalamus
THE visceral center; the link between the nervous system and endocrine system
~the highest neural command center of the autonomic and endocrine systems
the nuclei control- basic instinct behavior, circadian rhythms, temperature cycle, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, phobia, and aggression
limbic system
spans the thalamus and the hypothalamus
where emotions reside
integrates the emotion content of the sensory info you are receiving
houses the phobic, aggressive, and sex behavior centers
corpra quadrigemina
upper= superior colliculi= eyeball movements responding to visual stimulus
lower= inferior colliculi= move head in response to sound
red nucleus
rubrospinal tract starts here
important in muscle coordination
pons
send copies of info going to the brain to the cerebellum which can override commands to modify motor commands
also houses respiratory nuclei
respiratory nuclei
in the pons
control breathing rate
can still breathe with loss of upper brain
vital center nuclei
in the medulla oblongata
controls cardiac and vasomotor centers if the hypothalamus is dead
nucleus gracilis
in the medulla oblongata
synapse point of ascending fasiculi gracilus
nucleus cuneatus
in the medulla oblongata
synapse point of fasiculi cuneatus
vestibular nucleus
vestibulospinal tract originates here
coordinates muscle response to maintain equilibrium
reticular formation
in medulla oblongata; reticulospinal tract originates here
maintains muscle tone and sweat glands, and maintains consciousness and arousal from sleep
cerebellum
mini motor brain
important for muscle coordination
works with rubrospinal tract
subdural space
b/w dura mater and arachnoid layer
contains serous fluid- cuts friction
epidural space
b/w vertebrae and dura mater
contains lots of blood vessels, lymph vessels and fat
subarachnoid space
b/w arachnoid layer and pia mater
contain CSF
choroid plexus
part of pia mater that interacts with ependymal cells to secrete CSF
ependymal cells
produce CSF
have cilia to circulate CSF
periosteal layer
sub layer of dura mater right against the skull
arachnoid layer
has villi that project into the blood sinus b/w periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura mater
CSF enters the villi and drains in the blood sinus into the venus system
meningeal layer
sub layer of dura mater closer to arachnoid layer
adrenal gland
made of short sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers
medulla releases E/NE into blood stream to initiate a systemic fight or flight response
