Test 2 Drugs Flashcards
prozac
SSRI- selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
causes serotonin to last longer in the synapse
used to treat depression
dopamine
is a catecholamine
secreted by limbic system neurons- enhances reward, drive, and motivation
norepinephrine
a catecholamine
epinephrine
a catecholamine
sertonin
(5-HT)
indolamine
histamines
in posterior hypothalamus
important in modulation of sleep
controls which memories and learning are forgotten
glutamate, aspartate
excitatory amino acid derivatives
angel dust
PSP
amino acid derivative that binds well to glutamate receptors
GABA
inhibitory NT
benzodiazapines
anti- anxiety drug
enhances GABA production to activate gabanergic neurons- causes an overall calming effect
Glycine
inhibitory NT that effects Cl- channels to hyperpolarize the neuron so it is less likely to respond to stimulus
strychnine
a poison
is an antagonist of glycine- glycine receptor blocker
causes too much stimulation
substance P
found in nocioceptors (transmit pain)
capsaicin
can bind to TRPV1 protein on pain and heat sensing neurons
can deplete substance P and cause temporary relief from pain
opioids
cause sense of euphoria/well-being
in limbic system
endophins
opioid
enkaphalius
opioid
dynorphins
opiod
opium
bind opioid receptors and cause euphoria
morphine
binds opioid receptors= euphoria
nitric oxide
excitatory in CNS
in PNS it is a potent relaxer of endothelial walls
viagra
increases nitric oxide levels to relax blood vessels going to penis
treats erectile dysfunction
resperine=serpasil
blocks uptake of NE into synaptic vesicles so it is exposed to MAO in the cytoplasm that breaks it down
leads to decrease in sympathetic activity
albuterol
epinephrine mimic that binds to B2 receptors to open airways
asthma medication
B2 agonist or M1/M3 inhibitor
neosynephrine (claritin)
decongestant active ingredient is pseudoephedrine
potent a1 receptor stimulator agonist
causes vasoconstriction of the vessels supplying blood to the glands—therefore decrease their ability to secrete
pilocarpine
mimics the effect of Ach but not detected by acetylcholinesterase so ach stays in the synapse longer
used to treat glaucoma- N and M receptor agaonist- increase in ciliary muscle contraction
Duvoid
M receptor stimulator
used to treat non-obstructive urinary retension
increase contraction of detrussor muscle, decrease in sphincter muscle contraction
nicorete/ nicoderm
N receptor agaonist
has biphasic action
~low dose stimulate N1 and N2
~high dose inhibits N1 and N2
trimethaphan (arfonad)
N1 receptor antagonist (blocker)
used during anesthesia to produce controlled hypotension
blocks autonomic input
atropine
aka belladonna
M receptor blocker
used to make pupils dialate
from deadly nightshade flower
mydriacyl
M receptor blocker
what is now used to dialate eyes b/c it doesn’t last as long as atropine
detrol
M receptor blocker
used to treat bladder instability or incontinence
bentyl
M receptor blocker used to treat IBS by decreasing gut motility
scopolamine (hyoscine)
derivative of deadly nightshade
used to put women in twilight sleep during childbirth
Demsec
drug that blocks synthesis of NE/E by blocking tyrosine hydrozylase that converts L-tyrosine to L-dopa
decreases the sympathetic effect
was once used to treat hypertension by reducing NE/E
methyl-dopa (aldomet)
false NT (instead of L-dopa)
gets converted to alpha methyl norepinephrine and released in synapse but does not bind to a1 or B1 receptors
acts as though there is no NT
it DOES bind a2 receptors in axonal terminal and shuts down stimulation of sympathetic
used to treat hypertension
ismelin
blocks release of NE/E
used to treat hypertension
serpasil (reserpine)
blocks transport of NE back into synaptic vesicles (uptake 1) so it increases amount of time MAO can breakdown NE
Dextrine
synergizes and makes NE/E bind better (false displacement)
used to treat hypertension and narcolepsy
epi-pen
epinephrine
mostly binds to a1 receptors and promote sympathetic effects
increase blood pressure and treat shock
levophed (norepinephrine)
binds a1, a2 B1, B2 receptors
used to treat hypotension and increase blood pressure
phenylephrin (pseudoephrine)
synthetic NE/E- is the active ingredient in nasal decongestants
bind a1 of smooth muscles around vessels going to nasolacrimal glands and increases vasoconstriction
stops runny nose but incresases blood pressure
clonidine (catapress)
a2 agonist
used to treat hypertension, increases vasodilation, decreases blood pressure
isuprel (isoproternol)
binds both B1 and B2
used to treat shock
increases cardiac output and blood pressure
dubotrex
B1 specific agonist
increase heart rate and strength of contraction and cardiac output
proventil (maxair)
B2 specific agonist
used to treat asthma
will also impair B2 receptors in the GI tract
Yupotar
B2 specific agaonist
used to delay labor by decreasing uterine contractions
prazosin (minipress)
block a receptors on smooth muscle cells around arteries so decrease blood pressure
used to treat hypertension
indreal (propranolol)
blocks B1 and B2
used to treat hypertension
decrease HR and blood pressure
lopressor
tenormin
toprol-XL
B1 specific blockers for hypertension
coreg
B1, B2, and a1 blocker
decreases blood pressure
hytrin
block a receptors on smooth muscle cells around arteries so decrease blood pressure
used to treat hypertension
flomax
block a receptors on smooth muscle cells around arteries so decrease blood pressure
used to treat hypertension
for those with enlarged prostate, used to block sympathetic effects that block urination
Cardura
block a receptors on smooth muscle cells around arteries so decrease blood pressure
used to treat hypertension
for those with enlarged prostate, blocks sympathetic effects to allow urination
