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Test 2 Subject Flashcards

1
Q

World’s oldest bronze sculpture.

A

The Dancing Girl is the world’s oldest bronze sculpture

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2
Q

The first full-length motion picture

A

The first full-length motion picture – Raja Harishchandra (1913) - in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke. It was a silent movie featured in Marathi Language.

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3
Q

First indian oscar winner

A

Designer Bhanu Athaiya in 1982

For the film Gandhi

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4
Q

Films nominated for type academy awards till date

A

Mother india, salaam Bombay, Lagan

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5
Q

Chap char kut is

A

festival of Mizoram, India.

It is celebrated during March after the completion of their moist arduous task of jhum operation i.e jungle clearing

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6
Q

festival of Mizoram, India. It is celebrated during March after completion of their most arduous task of jhum operation i.e., jungle-clearing (clearing of the remnants of burning).

What’s that festival

A

Chapchar

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7
Q

Losar

A

Losar is a major festival in Arunachal Pradesh as it marks the Tibetan New Year.

Tribes like Monpa. Sherdukpens, Memba. Khamba and Nah following the Mahayana sect of Buddhism celebrate this festival.

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8
Q

Which tribes celebrate losar

A

Tribes like Monpa. Sherdukpens, Memba. Khamba and Nah following the Mahayana sect of Buddhism celebrate this festival.

Arunachal Pradesh

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9
Q

Tribes like Monpa. Sherdukpens, Memba. Khamba and Nah following the Mahayana sect of Buddhism celebrate this festival.

What festival

A

Losar

Arunachal Pradesh

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10
Q

Festival of Ao tribe of Nagaland, marks the completion of the sowing season.

A

Moatsu mong

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11
Q

Moatsu mong

A

Moatsu Mong is a festival of the Ao tribe in Nagaland. It marks the completion of the sowing season.

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12
Q

UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage list

A

Tradition of Vedic chanting

  1. Ramlila, the traditional performance of the Ramayana
  2. Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre
  3. Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas.
  4. Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala
  5. Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan
  6. Chhau dance
  7. Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir.
  8. Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur
  9. Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, Punjab
  10. Yoga
  11. Nawrouz
  12. Kumbh Mela
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13
Q

List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in need of Urgent Safeguarding. In India

A

Currently no cultural heritage items of India are listed in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in need of Urgent Safeguarding.

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14
Q

Kambala

A

A kambala is an annual buffalo race held in the southwestern Indian state of Karnataka.
Traditionally, it is sponsored by local Tuluva landlords and households in the coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi, a region collectively known as Tulu Nadu.

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15
Q

Lohri

A

In Punjab huge bonfires are lit on the eve of Sankrant and which is celebrated as “Lohri”.

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16
Q

Kundhei

A

The string puppets of Orissa are known as Kundhei. Made of light wood, the Orissa puppets have no legs but wear long flowing skirts. They have more joints and are, therefore, more versatile, articulate and easy to manipulate. The puppeteers often hold a wooden prop, triangular in shape, to which strings are attached for manipulation.

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17
Q

String puppets of ORISSA are known as

A

The string puppets of Orissa are known as Kundhei. Made of light wood, the Orissa puppets have no legs but wear long flowing skirts. They have more joints and are, therefore, more versatile, articulate and easy to manipulate. The puppeteers often hold a wooden prop, triangular in shape, to which strings are attached for manipulation.

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18
Q

Kathputli

A

The traditional marionettes of Rajasthan are known as Kathputli. Carved from a single piece of wood, these puppets are like large dolls that are colourfully dressed. Their costumes and headgears are designed in the medieval Rajasthani style of dress, which is prevalent even today. The Kathputli is accompanied by a highly dramatised version of the regional music.

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19
Q

Traditional marionettes of rajasthan

A

The traditional marionettes of Rajasthan are known as Kathputli. Carved from a single piece of wood, these puppets are like large dolls that are colourfully dressed. Their costumes and headgears are designed in the medieval Rajasthani style of dress, which is prevalent even today. The Kathputli is accompanied by a highly dramatised version of the regional music.

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20
Q

Koodiyaattam

A

Koodiyaattam, one of the oldest traditional theatre forms of Kerala, is based on Sanskrit theatre traditions. The characters of this theatre form are: Chakyaar or actor, Naambiyaar, the instrumentalists and Naangyaar, those taking on women’s roles.

The Sutradhar or narrator and the Vidushak or jesters are the protagonists. It is the Vidushak alone who delivers the dialogues. Emphasis on hand gestures and eye movements makes this dance and theatre form unique.

It is officially recognised by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

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21
Q

Kerala sanskrit theatre which got UNESCO intangible heritage rating

A

Koodiyaattam, one of the oldest traditional theatre forms of Kerala, is based on Sanskrit theatre traditions. The characters of this theatre form are: Chakyaar or actor, Naambiyaar, the instrumentalists and Naangyaar, those taking on women’s roles.

The Sutradhar or narrator and the Vidushak or jesters are the protagonists. It is the Vidushak alone who delivers the dialogues. Emphasis on hand gestures and eye movements makes this dance and theatre form unique.

It is officially recognised by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

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22
Q

Tamasha

A

Tamaasha is a traditional folk theatre form of Maharashtra. It has evolved from the folk forms such as Gondhal, Jagran and Kirtan. Unlike other theatre forms, in Tamaasha the female actress is the chief exponent of dance movements in the play. She is known as Murki. Classical music, footwork at lightning-speed, and vivid gestures make it possible to portray all the emotions through dance.

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23
Q

Traditional folk theatre of Maharashtra

A

Tamaasha is a traditional folk theatre form of Maharashtra. It has evolved from the folk forms such as Gondhal, Jagran and Kirtan. Unlike other theatre forms, in Tamaasha the female actress is the chief exponent of dance movements in the play. She is known as Murki. Classical music, footwork at lightning-speed, and vivid gestures make it possible to portray all the emotions through dance.

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24
Q

Yakshagaana

A

Yakshagaana, traditional theatre form of Karnataka, is based on mythological stories and Puranas. The most popular episodes are from the Mahabharata i.e. Draupadi swayamvar, Subhadra vivah, Abhimanyu vadh, Karna-Arjun yuddh and from Ramayana i.e. Raajyaabhishek, Lav-kush Yuddh, Baali-Sugreeva yuddha and Panchavati.

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25
Q

Traditional theatre of karnataka

A

Yakshagaana, traditional theatre form of Karnataka, is based on mythological stories and Puranas. The most popular episodes are from the Mahabharata i.e. Draupadi swayamvar, Subhadra vivah, Abhimanyu vadh, Karna-Arjun yuddh and from Ramayana i.e. Raajyaabhishek, Lav-kush Yuddh, Baali-Sugreeva yuddha and Panchavati.

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26
Q

Krishnattam

A

Krishnattam is the folk theatre of Kerala. It came into existence in the middle of 17th century A.D. under the patronage of King Manavada of Calicut. Krishnattam is a cycle of eight plays performed for eight consecutive days. The episodes are based on the theme of Lord Krishna - his birth, childhood pranks and various deeds depicting victory of good over evil.

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27
Q

Folk theatre of Kerala

A

Krishnattam is the folk theatre of Kerala. It came into existence in the middle of 17th century A.D. under the patronage of King Manavada of Calicut. Krishnattam is a cycle of eight plays performed for eight consecutive days. The episodes are based on the theme of Lord Krishna - his birth, childhood pranks and various deeds depicting victory of good over evil.

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28
Q

Busy dance

A

Bizu dance – This particular form of dance is characteristic of the Chakma community.
Bizu means Chaitra- Sanskriti.

Chaitra Sanskriti denotes end of the Bengali calender year.

It is during this period when the chakmas sing and dance to bid good-bye to the year just being ended and welcome the New Year.

The dance is beautifully orchestrated with the rhythem playing of what is known as “Khenggarang” and “dhukuk” sorts of flutes.

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29
Q

Bizu means

A

Bizu dance – This particular form of dance is characteristic of the Chakma community.
Bizu means Chaitra- Sanskriti.

Chaitra Sanskriti denotes end of the Bengali calender year.

It is during this period when the chakmas sing and dance to bid good-bye to the year just being ended and welcome the New Year.

The dance is beautifully orchestrated with the rhythem playing of what is known as “Khenggarang” and “dhukuk” sorts of flutes.

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30
Q

Chakma community dance

A

Bizu dance – This particular form of dance is characteristic of the Chakma community.
Bizu means Chaitra- Sanskriti.

Chaitra Sanskriti denotes end of the Bengali calender year.

It is during this period when the chakmas sing and dance to bid good-bye to the year just being ended and welcome the New Year.

The dance is beautifully orchestrated with the rhythem playing of what is known as “Khenggarang” and “dhukuk” sorts of flutes.

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31
Q

Hozagiri dance

A

Hozagiri Dance – While the theme of the dance remains almost to be the same as of other tribes, the dance form of the Reang/Bru community is quite different from others.

The movements of hands or even the upper part of the body is somewhat restricted, whereas the movement beginning from their waist down to their feet creates a wonderful wave.

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32
Q

Speciality of hozagiri dance

A

Hozagiri Dance – While the theme of the dance remains almost to be the same as of other tribes, the dance form of the Reang/Bru community is quite different from others.

The movements of hands or even the upper part of the body is somewhat restricted, whereas the movement beginning from their waist down to their feet creates a wonderful wave.

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33
Q

Doregata

A

Doregata: This is quite interesting dance as the Khasi women try to knock off the turbans of their male pertners.

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34
Q

Khasi women dance

A

Doregata: This is quite interesting dance as the Khasi women try to knock off the turbans of their male pertners.

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35
Q

Chhau

A

Chhau is a popular folk dance of Orissa/Bihar/Bengal. Chhau means mask.

All the Chhau performers hold swords and shields while performing. The stages are decorated and brightly lit by torches, lanterns and flickering oil lamps.

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36
Q

Popular folk dance of Orissa/Bihar/ Bengal

A

Chhau is a popular folk dance of Orissa/Bihar/Bengal. Chhau means mask.

All the Chhau performers hold swords and shields while performing. The stages are decorated and brightly lit by torches, lanterns and flickering oil lamps.

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37
Q

Dumhal

A

Dumhal is a dance performed by the men folk of the Wattal tribe of Kashmir This dance is performed with long colorful robes, tall conical caps (studded with beads and shells).

Dumhal dance is accompanied by songs which the performers themselves sing.

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38
Q

Dance performed by the men folk of the wagtail tribe of Kashmir

A

Dumhal is a dance performed by the men folk of the Wattal tribe of Kashmir This dance is performed with long colorful robes, tall conical caps (studded with beads and shells).

Dumhal dance is accompanied by songs which the performers themselves sing.

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39
Q

Kalbelia dance

A

Kalbelia Dance is performed by the womenfolk hailing from the Kalbelia community in Rajastan. The dance movements and the costumes have an uncanny resemblance to the slithery creatures.

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40
Q

Dance performed by the womenfolk of kalbelia community

A

Kalbelia Dance is performed by the womenfolk hailing from the Kalbelia community in Rajastan.

The dance movements and the costumes have an uncanny resemblance to the slithery creatures.

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41
Q

Kalarippayattu

A

Kalarippayattu is a martial art, which originated as a style in Kerala, southern India (North Malabar).

The word kalari first appears in the Tamil Sangam literature (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE) to describe both a battlefield and combat arena

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42
Q

Martial art of Kerala

A

Kalarippayattu is a martial art, which originated as a style in Kerala, southern India (North Malabar).

The word kalari first appears in the Tamil Sangam literature (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE) to describe both a battlefield and combat arena

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43
Q

Silambam

A

Silambam is a weapon-based Martial Art of India, more specifically in the state of Tamil Nadu.

The word “Silambam” means either a mountain or merely to sound. While the Silambam fencers are fighting, the weapon makes sound. This might have been the cause for its being named as “Silambam”.

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44
Q

Martial art of Tamil Nadu

A

Silambam is a weapon-based Martial Art of India, more specifically in the state of Tamil Nadu.

The word “Silambam” means either a mountain or merely to sound. While the Silambam fencers are fighting, the weapon makes sound. This might have been the cause for its being named as “Silambam”.

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45
Q

Thang ta

A

Thang-ta is the popular Manipuri name for a set of armed and unarmed fighting techniques developed by the Meitei people of the state of Manipur, India.

The formal name for this martial system is Huyen Lallong.

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46
Q

Armed and unarmed fighting techniques of Manipuri style of martial art

A

Thang-ta is the popular Manipuri name for a set of armed and unarmed fighting techniques developed by the Meitei people of the state of Manipur, India.

The formal name for this martial system is Huyen Lallong.

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47
Q

Bhand Pather

A

Bhand Pather is a traditional theatre form of Kashmir.

A unique combination of dance, music and acting.

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48
Q

Traditional theatre form of Kashmir

A

Bhand Pather is a traditional theatre form of Kashmir.

A unique combination of dance, music and acting.

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49
Q

Kuchipudi

A

Kuchipudi is originally from Andhra Pradesh. Its evolution can be traced to traditional dance -
drama, known under the generic name of Yakshagaana.

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50
Q

What is called with a generic name of yakshagaana

A

Kuchipudi is originally from Andhra Pradesh.

Its evolution can be traced to traditional dance -
drama, known under the generic name of Yakshagaana.

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51
Q

Traditional dance of Andhra Pradesh

A

Kuchipudi is originally from Andhra Pradesh.

Its evolution can be traced to traditional dance -
drama, known under the generic name of Yakshagaana.

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52
Q

Kuchipudi starts with the invocation of

A

It begins with an invocation to Lord Ganesha followed by nritta (non-narrative and abstract dancing) shabdam (narrative dancing) and natya.

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53
Q

The Sangeet Natak Akademi confers classical status and it has been accorded on how many dance forms

A

The Sangeet Natak Akademi confers classical status and it has been accorded on eight Indian dance forms:
Bharatanatyam: originating in Tamil Nadu
Odissi: originating in Odisha
Kuchipudi: originating in Andhra Pradesh
Mohiniaattam: originating in Kerala, performed by women Sattriya: originating in Assam, conferred classical status most recently Kathakali: originating in Kerala, performed by men
Kathak: originating in Northern India
Manipuri: originating in Manipur.

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54
Q

What are the eight indian dance which sangeet natak Akademi confers

A

The Sangeet Natak Akademi confers classical status and it has been accorded on eight Indian dance forms:
Bharatanatyam: originating in Tamil Nadu
Odissi: originating in Odisha
Kuchipudi: originating in Andhra Pradesh
Mohiniaattam: originating in Kerala, performed by women Sattriya: originating in Assam, conferred classical status most recently Kathakali: originating in Kerala, performed by men
Kathak: originating in Northern India
Manipuri: originating in Manipur.

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55
Q

The Sattriya dance

A

The Sattriya dance form was introduced in the 15th century A.D by the great Vaishnava saint and reformer of Assam, Mahapurusha Sankaradeva as a powerful medium for propagation of the Vaishnava faith.

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56
Q

Sattriya dance was introduced in 18th century what do you say ?

A

The Sattriya dance form was introduced in the 15th century A.D by the great Vaishnava saint
and reformer of Assam, Mahapurusha Sankaradeva as a powerful medium for propagation of the Vaishnava faith.

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57
Q

Odissi age

A

Odissi, originally from Orissa, is a dance of love and passion touching on the divine and the human, the sublime and the mundane.

It is the oldest surviving dance form of India on the basis of archaeological evidences and date backs to 2nd Century B.C.

Odissi is a highly stylised dance and to some extent is based on the classical Natya Shastra and the Abhinaya Darpana.

In fact, it has derived a great deal from the Abhinaya Darpana Prakasha by Jadunatha Sinha, theAbhinaya Chandrika by Rajmani Patra, and the Abhinaya Chandrika by Maheshwara Mahapatra.

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58
Q

The lyricism of Odissi poem sung in background is based on

A

The lyricism of Odissi poem sung in background is based on Gita Govinda

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59
Q

What is the rasa theory

A

Performance of arts is a tool to raise individual consciousness for spiritual upliftment.

It asserts that entertainment is a desired effect of performance arts but not the primary goal, and that the primary goal is to transport the individual in the audience into another parallel reality, full of wonder, where he experiences the essence of his own consciousness, and reflects on spiritual and moral questions.

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60
Q

Thumri

A

Indian Hindustani Classical Music has various divisions like Khyaal, Thumari/Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, etc. The thumri is based on the romantic-devotional literature inspired by the bhakti movement.

The text is usually derived from the Radha-Krishna theme and is of primary importance. The semi- classical music form ‘thumr is known to have derived its name from thumakna. Loosely translated the word means, “dance-like movements”.

Thumri was about mild eroticism and dramatic gestures and was the invention of courtesans. The text is romantic and devotional in nature, and usually revolves around a girl’s love for Krishna. The language is a dialect of Hindi called Brij bhasha.

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61
Q

Thumri is one of the division of Carnatic music

A

Indian Hindustani Classical Music has various divisions like Khyaal, Thumari/Thumri, Tappa, Tarana, etc. The thumri is based on the romantic-devotional literature inspired by the bhakti movement.

The text is usually derived from the Radha-Krishna theme and is of primary importance. The semi- classical music form ‘thumr is known to have derived its name from thumakna. Loosely translated the word means, “dance-like movements”.

Thumri was about mild eroticism and dramatic gestures and was the invention of courtesans. The text is romantic and devotional in nature, and usually revolves around a girl’s love for Krishna. The language is a dialect of Hindi called Brij bhasha.

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62
Q

Sallekhana ritual of Jainism

A

It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids. It is viewed in Jainism as the thinning of human passions and the body, and another means of destroying rebirth-influencing karma by withdrawing all physical and mental activities.

Sallekhana is prescribed for both householders and ascetic. It is permitted in case of Imminent death, severe famine and suffering from incurable diseases

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63
Q

Mahavamsa deals with

A

Mahavamsa is the most important Pali epic poem. Mahavamsa means “Great Chronicle”.

It’s a historical poem in Pali Language which deals about the Kings of Sri Lanka.

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64
Q

Dipavamsa deals with

A

Dipavamsa is the oldest historical record of Sri Lanka. Dipavamsa is one of the most important works in Pall Literature. It details the tooth relic and Bodhi Tree’s arrival in Sri Lanka.

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65
Q

Brihaddeshi is written by

A

Brihaddeshi written in the 9th century by Matanga focused on the definition of the word
‘raga’.

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66
Q

Matanga work in 9th century

A

Brihaddeshi written in the 9th century by Matanga focused on the definition of the word
‘raga’.

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67
Q

Sangeeta Makaranda was composed by

A

The 11th century text, Sangeeta Makaranda was composed by Narada (Nanda) who enumerated 93 ragas and classified them into feminine and masculine forms.

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68
Q

Swaramela-Kalanidhi written by

A

Swaramela-Kalanidhi written by Ramamatya in the 16th century which again deals primarily with ragas.

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69
Q

Ten main styles of Hindustani music are

A

There are ten main styles of singing in Hindustani music like the ‘Dhrupad’, ‘Dhamar’, ‘Hori’, ‘Khayal’, ‘Tappa’, ‘Chaturang’, ‘Ragasagar’, ‘Tarana’, ‘Sargam’ and ‘Thumri’.

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70
Q

Hindustani music: practiced in the

A

Hindustani music: practiced in the northern parts of India. The Hindustani branch of music focuses more on the musical structure and the possibilities of improvisation in it. The Hindustani branch adopted a scale of Shudha Swara Saptaka or the ‘Octave of Natural notes.

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71
Q

Characteristics of Carnatic Music

A

Indigenous

No freedom to improvise

Only one particular prescribed style of singing

More emphasis on vocal music

Doesn’t adhere to any time.

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72
Q

Ain-e-Akbari

A

Abul Fazl, courtier and chronicler at the court of the Emperor Akbar, defines the dhrupad verse form in his Ain-e-Akbari as “four rhyming lines, each of indefinite prosodic length.

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73
Q

Kirana gharana famous singers

A

Kirana Gharana have had a long line of great singers but the most famous are Pandit Bhimsen Joshi and Gangubai Hangal.

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74
Q

Amir Khusrau

A

Amir Khusrau (1252-1325) was the famous Persian writer of this period. He wrote a number of poems. His famous work Tughlaq Nama deals with the rise of Ghyiasuddin Tughlaq.

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75
Q

Who is also called father of qawwali

A

Amir Khusrau (1252-1325) was the famous Persian writer of this period. He wrote a number of poems. His famous work Tughlaq Nama deals with the rise of Ghyiasuddin Tughlaq.

He is also called as father of qawwali

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76
Q

Shabads are devotional songs of

A

Shabads are devotional songs of the Sikhs sung in gurdwaras on religious occasions.

They are ascribed to Sikh gurus and many Bhakti saint-poets.

Shabad originated as a musical composition around the 17th century AD. Guru Nanak and his disciple Mardana are credited with the development and popularity of shabad.

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77
Q

Who is considered to be the father of Carnatic music

A

Purandardas is considered to be the father of Carnatic music.

To him goes the credit of codification of the method of Carnatic music. He is also credited with creation of several thousand songs.

78
Q

Lavani is the popular folk form of

A

Lavani is a popular folk form of Maharashtra.

Traditionally, the songs are sung by female
artists, but male artists may occasionally sing Lavanis.

This type of folk music is based on the grand epic-Mahabharata and Bhima as hero. It is all inclusive of gayan (singing) and vadan (playing an instrument).

79
Q

Pandavani

A

Pandavani - Usually the songs are set to the rhythm of a tambura.

One of the most well known artists is Tijanbai from the state of Chhattisgarh who won the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan for her contribution to this musical field.

80
Q

Folk music of chattisgarh

A

Pandavani - Usually the songs are set to the rhythm of a tambura.

One of the most well known artists is Tijanbai from the state of Chhattisgarh who won the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan for her contribution to this musical field.

81
Q

Khubak eshei

A

Khubak eshei, a song accompanied entirely by clapping largely famous in Manipur.

82
Q

a song accompanied entirely by clapping largely famous in Manipur.

A

Khubak eshei, a song accompanied entirely by clapping largely famous in Manipur.

83
Q

Ajanta cave paintings depict what scenes

A

They depict themes of court life, feasting, processions, men and women at work, festivals and various natural scenes including animals, birds and flowers.

Most of paintings were depicted well before Gupta’s time. **

84
Q

Most of the ajanta paintings are depicted before gupta period

What do you say

A

Yes

Most of paintings were depicted well before Gupta’s time.

85
Q

Sittanavasal cave which religion paintings

A

Sittanavasal cave: Located 16 km northwest of Pudukkottai town in Tamil Nadu, these famous rock-cut caves are known for the paintings in the Jain temples. These murals have close resemblance to Bagh and Ajanta paintings.

The paintings are not only on the walls but also on the ceiling and pillars. The paintings are with the theme of Jain Samavasarana.

86
Q

Which paints have the theme of the jain samavasarana

A

Sittanavasal cave: Located 16 km northwest of Pudukkottai town in Tamil Nadu, these famous rock-cut caves are known for the paintings in the Jain temples.

These murals have close resemblance to Bagh and Ajanta paintings.

The paintings are not only on the walls but also on the ceiling and pillars. The paintings are with the theme of Jain Samavasarana.

87
Q

Miniature paintings were introduced by

A

Developed almost as a reaction to the enormous wall paintings, the art of miniature painting developed between 8th and 12th centuries.

Two prominent school of paintings before Delhi Sultanate are Pala School of Art and Apabhramsa School of art.

Mughal introduced them

88
Q

Two prominent school of paintings before Delhi sultanate Are

A

Developed almost as a reaction to the enormous wall paintings, the art of miniature painting developed between 8th and 12th centuries.

Two prominent school of paintings before Delhi Sultanate are Pala School of Art and Apabhramsa School of art.

89
Q

Apabhramsa School of Art

A

This school traces its origin to Gujarat and Mewar region in Rajasthan. It was the predominant school of painting in western India during 11th to 15th century.

The most common themes of these paintings were “Jain” and in the later period the “Vaishanava School” appropriated them too.

The features of the human figures depicted in the paintings have fish-shaped bulging eyes; a pointed nose and a double chin.

The animal and bird figurines in the paintings are represented as toys. The most famous example is of Kalpasutra and the Kalakacharya Katha from 15th century.

90
Q

How are the animals printed in apabhramsa school of art

A

This school traces its origin to Gujarat and Mewar region in Rajasthan. It was the predominant school of painting in western India during 11th to 15th century.

The most common themes of these paintings were “Jain” and in the later period the “Vaishanava School” appropriated them too.

The features of the human figures depicted in the paintings have fish-shaped bulging eyes; a pointed nose and a double chin.

The animal and bird figurines in the paintings are represented as toys. The most famous example is of Kalpasutra and the Kalakacharya Katha from 15th century.

91
Q

Warli Paintings

A

Warli Paintings being practiced by indigenous people that occupy mainly the Maharashtra- Gujarat border.

Geometrical figures like triangle, circle and square are used to represent
Human figures. For painting only white pigment is used, which is made of a mixture of gum and rice powder.

92
Q

Madhubani art is practiced in

A

Madhubani art is practiced in the Mithila region, BIHAR of the Indian subcontinent. Painting is done with fingers, twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks, etc.

Using natural dyes and pigments, and is characterised by eye-catching geometrical patterns.

93
Q

Folk painting of Mithila region

A

Madhubani art is practiced in the Mithila region, BIHAR of the Indian subcontinent. Painting is done with fingers, twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks, etc.

Using natural dyes and pigments, and is characterised by eye-catching geometrical patterns.

94
Q

Pattachitra

A

Pattachitra: Pattachitra or Patachitra is a general term for traditional, clothbased scroll painting, based in the eastern Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal.

Pattachitra art form is known for its intricate details as well as mythological narratives and folktales inscribed in it.

95
Q

Folk painting of the Odisha and West Bengal

A

Pattachitra: Pattachitra or Patachitra is a general term for traditional, clothbased scroll painting, based in the eastern Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal.

Pattachitra art form is known for its intricate details as well as mythological narratives and folktales inscribed in it.

96
Q

Patuas are folk paintings of

A

The Patuas are an artisan community found in the state of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha in India and parts of Bangladesh.

97
Q

Kalighat paintings

A

Kalighat painting or Kalighat Pat originated in the 19th century West Bengal, India, in the
vicinity of Kalighat Kali Temple, Kalighat, Calcutta.

The charm of the Kalighat paintings lies in the fact that they captured the essence of daily life and they influence modern artistes like the late Jamini Roy.

98
Q

Kangra school painting

A

Kangra School of painting: Nadir Shah’s invasion and the conquest of Delhi in 1739 resulted in the migration of Mughal artists to the hills to escape the uncertainties of the plains. Here they found ready patrons which led to the founding of the Kangra school of painting.

By the mid-eighteenth century the Kangra artists developed a style which breathed a new spirit into miniature painting. The source of inspiration was the Vaishnavite traditions

99
Q

Thanjavur painting

A

The art form draws its immediate resources and inspiration from way back about 1600 AD, a period when the Nayakas of Thanjavur under the suzerainty of the Vijayanagara Rayas encouraged art—chiefly, classical dance and music—as well as literature, both in Telugu and Tamil and painting of chiefly Hindu religious subjects in temples. It is distinguished by its famous gold coating.

The paintings are mostly of Gods and Goddesses because this art of painting
flourished at a time when fine-looking and striking temples were being constructed by rulers of several dynasties.

100
Q

National heritage animal

A

The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is national heritage animal of India.

101
Q

Sugam Sangeet

A

Sugam Sangeet is one such form of music which combines classicism and modernity in right balance.

Of great lyrical quality, the Sugam Sangeet is a Gujarati form of the Ghazal and is extremely soothing to the ears and the soul as well.

102
Q

Tevaram is sung in the praise of

A

Tevaram denotes the first seven volumes of the Tirumurai, the twelve-volume collection of Lord Shiva devotional poetry. All seven volumes are dedicated to the works of the three most prominent Tamil poets of the 7th century, the Nayanars - Sambandar, Tirunavukkarasar and Sundarar.

103
Q

What articles denote the 22 languages

A

As per Articles 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution, the eighth schedule includes the recognition of the following 22 languages

104
Q

Qualities for a classical language

A

High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years

A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers

The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community
The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.

Tamil was the first language to get classical language status in India.

105
Q

Mrichchhakatika an ancient Indian book written by

A

Shudra deals with The love affair of a rich merchant with the daughter of a courtesan

106
Q

What does mrichchhakatika deals about

A

The love affair of a rich merchant with the daughter of a courtesan

Written by shudraka

107
Q

Vikramashila university is in

A

Bihar

108
Q

Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia dedicated to

A

Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia dedicated to Lord Vishnu was built in 1113-1150 by Suryavarman
II. It was firstly a Hindu temple but later it went under Buddhist regime.

109
Q

Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia dedicated to Lord Vishnu was built in 1113-1150 by

A

Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia dedicated to Lord Vishnu was built in 1113-1150 by Suryavarman
II. It was firstly a Hindu temple but later it went under Buddhist regime.

110
Q

Tabo monastery is located in

A

Tabo monastery is located in Himachal Pradesh.

111
Q

Ashokavadana

A

Ashokavadana is an Indian Sanskrit-language text that describes the birth and reign of the Maurya Emperor Ashoka.

It is one of the avadana texts contained in the Divyavadana, an anthology of several Buddhist legends and narratives

112
Q

Dharmachakra Sutta

A

Dharmachakra Sutta or Promulgation of the Law Sutra is a Buddhist text that is considered to be a record of the first teaching given by Gautama Buddha after he attained enlightenment.

113
Q

rock-cut architecture began to develop in whose period

A

In the 3rd century BCE Indian rock-cut architecture began to develop, starting with the already highly sophisticated and state-sponsored Barabar caves in Bihar, personally dedicated by Ashoka circa 250 BCE.

114
Q

The Kailash Temple

A

The Kailash Temple was created through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. It was commissioned in the 8th century by King Krishna I and took more than 100 years to complete.

115
Q

Usage of motar started from

A

Alauddin khalji

116
Q

Humayun’s Tomb was built by

A

Humayun’s Tomb was built in the 1560’s, with the patronage of Humayun’s son, the great Emperor Akbar.

117
Q

With respect to Mughal India, Naqqar khana was

A

Naqqar khana was usually situated over the gate.

They are a distinct sign of Mughal architecture and were constructed under areas their influence in India, Pakistan and nearby countries.

It was a drum house from where ceremonial music was played in Mughal palaces.

118
Q

Examples of Nagara Style of Architecture

A

Lingaraja Temple

Sun temple of Kornak

Modhera Sun temple

Rajasthna Dilwara Jain Temple

119
Q

Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-I-Khas constructed by

A

Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-I-Khas, Red Fort at Delhi, Jama Masjid, Taj Mahal were constructed by Shah Jahan

120
Q

Panch Mahal is constructed by

A

Panch Mahal is constructed by Akbar in Fatehpur Sikri

121
Q

Potola belongs to

A

Gujarat traditional sarees

122
Q

Gujarat traditional sarees are called as

A

Potola

123
Q

Jamdani is seen in

A

West Bengal traditional Sarees

124
Q

West Bengal traditional sarees

A

Jamdani sarees

125
Q

Karnataka traditional sarees

A

ilkal

126
Q

ilkal

A

Karnataka traditional sarees

127
Q

Phulkari

A

Phulkari is embroidery of flower motifs with contrast of bright colours on light colored fabric. (Punjab)

128
Q

Punjab embroidery

A

Phulkari is embroidery of flower motifs with contrast of bright colours on light colored fabric. (Punjab)

129
Q

Zardozi

A

Zardozi uses combination of gold, silver or copper wire with silver or golden polish and silk threads. (Uttar Pradesh)

130
Q

Uttarpradesh embroidery

A

Zardozi uses combination of gold, silver or copper wire with silver or golden polish and silk threads. (Uttar Pradesh)

131
Q

Banni

A

Banni by the Lohana community. Use of silk floss for embroidery of geometrical motifs including use of glass works (Gujarat)

132
Q

Gujarat embroidery

A

Banni by the Lohana community. Use of silk floss for embroidery of geometrical motifs including use of glass works (Gujarat)

133
Q

Alvars were devotees of

A

In South India, the Vaishnavite movement was very strong and it reigned till the end of 13th century.

These saints, called Alvars, were the devotees of Vishnu and they sang songs which were collected and made into prabhandas.

Another powerful group in the South was the Shaivites or those who worshipped Shiva. The saints were called ‘Nayanars

134
Q

Nayanars were devotees of

A

In South India, the Vaishnavite movement was very strong and it reigned till the end of 13th century.

These saints, called Alvars, were the devotees of Vishnu and they sang songs which were collected and made into prabhandas.

Another powerful group in the South was the Shaivites or those who worshipped Shiva. The saints were called ‘Nayanars

135
Q

Avalokitesvara

A

Avalokitesvara is one of the three protective deities around Buddha who is described as holding
Lotus flower

136
Q

Anekantavada

A

Anekantavada, the fundamental doctrine of Jainism emphasizes that the ultimate truth and reality is complex, and has multiple aspects.

137
Q

Jugalbandi

A

Jugalbandi is the main attraction of kathak recital which shows a competitive play between the dancer and the table player.

138
Q

Ashokan earliest rock cut sculpture in India

A

Ashokan rock-edict at Dhauli is considered to be the earliest rock-cut sculpture in India.

It has a sculpted elephant on the top, which signifies the Emperor’s conversion to Buddhism after his Kalinga victory.

139
Q

Speciality of Dhauli rock edit

A

Ashokan rock-edict at Dhauli is considered to be the earliest rock-cut sculpture in India.

It has a sculpted elephant on the top, which signifies the Emperor’s conversion to Buddhism after his Kalinga victory.

140
Q

Kabir

A

Kabir was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings, according to some scholars, influenced Hinduism’s Bhakti movement. Kabir’s verses are found in Sikhism’s scripture Guru Granth Sahib. He is famous for his dohas (couplets).

141
Q

Who is famous for his Dohas (couplets)

A

Kabir was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings, according to some scholars, influenced Hinduism’s Bhakti movement. Kabir’s verses are found in Sikhism’s scripture Guru Granth Sahib. He is famous for his dohas (couplets).

142
Q

Ramcharitmanas

A

Ramcharitmanas, is an epic poem in the language Awadhi, composed by the 16th-century Indian bhakti poet Goswami Tulsidas. Ramcharitmanas literally means “Lake of the deeds of Rama”.

Ramcharitmanas is considered one of the greatest works of Hindi literature.

143
Q

Coffee products which got GI tag

A 
Coorg Arabica coffee from Karnataka, 
Wayanad Robusta coffee from Kerala, 
Araku Valley Arabica from Andhra Pradesh, 
Sirisi Supari from Karnataka and 
Himachali Chulli oil.
144
Q

Samkhya philosophy

A

Samkhya is the oldest of the orthodox philosophical systems in Hinduism. It espouses dualism between consciousness and matter by postulating two “irreducible, innate and independent” realities:

(i) Consciousness itself or Purusha (self, atma or soul)
(ii) Primordial materiality or Prakriti (creative agency or energy).

Once the realization arises that Puruṣa is distinct from Prakriti, the Self is no longer subject to transmigration and absolute freedom (kaivalya) arises.

145
Q

According to Ajivikas, sorrow has no existence in this world what do you say ?

A

No

Ajivika philosophy believes that sorrow has existence in the world and humans can come out of it.

146
Q

Lokayatas are those who believe that everything is not predetermined, what do you say

A

Yes

Lokayatas are those who believe that everything is not predetermined

147
Q

Dvaitadvaita was proposed by

A

Dvaitadvaita was proposed by Nimbarka.

148
Q

Shuddhadvaita principle

A

Shuddhadvaita principle sees equality in “essence”

of the individual self with God. There is no real difference between the two.

149
Q

Advaita

A

Advaita believes in the principle that the only direct cause of liberation is self-knowledge which directly removes the ignorance. After realization, one sees one’s own self and the Universe as the same.

150
Q

Char Dham

A

The four holy sites Puri, Rameswaram, Dwarka, and Badrinath compose the Char Dham (four abodes) pilgrimage circuit.

151
Q

Kumbh Mela is held every

A

Kumbh Mela is held every 12 years; the location is rotated among Allahabad, Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain. It is considered as one of the largest pilgrimage gathering in the world.

152
Q

Chota char dham

A

Badrinath
Kedarnath
Gangotri
Yamunotri

153
Q

Two principal shakti peethas

A

Shakti Peethas are the places, where the Mother Goddess is worshipped.

The two principal ones being Kalighat and Kamakhya.

154
Q

What are the five major vows of Jainism

A

Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha.

155
Q

What is asteya meant in five vows of Buddhism

A

Asteya, is to not take into possession, anything that is not willingly offered. attempt to squeeze material wealth from others or exploit the weak is considered theft.

156
Q

What is aparigraha meant in five vows of buddhism

A

Aparigraha is to observe detachment from people, places and material things.

Ascetics live a life of complete renunciation of property and human relations.

157
Q

what are Avasarpini and utsarpini

A

Time rolls along in eternal cycles of rise and decline. Utsarpini is a “rising” era in which human
morale and natural conditions improve over time.

At the end of Utsarpini, begins Avasarpini, a “declining” era of the same length, in which
human morale and virtues deteriorate.

During the middle of every rising and declining era twenty-four souls become Tirthankaras.

158
Q

Virashaivism movement

A

Virashaivism movement was started in 12th century by Basavanna. It propagated inter-caste and widow re-marriage.

Virashaivism completely rejected the Vedas. In opposite to that, it started to spread message through vachanas.

159
Q

Which Buddhism is largely found throughout East Asia namely China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam etc.

A

Mahayana Buddhism is largely found throughout East Asia namely China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam etc.

160
Q

The five great events in Buddha’s life are represented by symbols as under:

A
  1. Birth by Lotus and Bull
  2. Great Renunciation by Horse
  3. Nirvana by Bodhi Tree
  4. First Sermon by Dharmachakra or Wheel
  5. Parinirvana or death by the Stupa.
161
Q

Silsilas

A

Sufi silsilas were an unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet. Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world around the twelfth century.

The word silsila literally means a chain, signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as an unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet.

162
Q

Sufism was close to which Bhakti

A

Sufism was more close to Nirguna Bhakti than Suguna Bhakti.

163
Q

What is Zikr

A

There were various methods that Sufis applied to reach the highest states of communion with the divine.

These were elaborate methods of training using zikr (chanting of a name or sacred formula), contemplation, sama (singing), raqs (dancing), discussion of parables, breath control, etc.

164
Q

My Son Sanctuary

A

My Son Sanctuary Complex: Between the 4th and 13th centuries a unique culture which owed its spiritual origins to Indian Hinduism developed on the coast of contemporary Viet Nam.

This is graphically illustrated by the remains of a series of impressive tower-temples located in a dramatic site that was the religious and political capital of the Champa Kingdom for most of its existence.

165
Q

What is the religious and political capital of Champa region

A

My Son Sanctuary Complex: Between the 4th and 13th centuries a unique culture which owed its spiritual origins to Indian Hinduism developed on the coast of contemporary Viet Nam.

This is graphically illustrated by the remains of a series of impressive tower-temples located in a dramatic site that was the religious and political capital of the Champa Kingdom for most of its existence.

166
Q

Rummindei Pillar Edicts

A

Rummindei Pillar Edicts (Lumbini): These inscriptions come under the Minor Pillar Inscriptions.

These contain inscriptions recording their dedication. The inscriptions mentions Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini (Rummindei), Rupandehi district, Nepal, the birthplace of Lord Buddha.

Ashoka exempted Lumbini from paying tax, and fixed its contribution of grain at one – eighth. The inscriptions are written in Brahmi script.

167
Q

Allahabad Prashasti or prayaga Prashasti

A

Allahabad Prashasti or prayaga Prashasti is an inscription found at Allahabad.
It is written in Sanskrit.

As the name suggest it is a Prashasti, written in praise of the ruler Samudragupta, a ruler of Gupta dynasty by his court poet Harishena.

168
Q

Aihole Inscription

A

The inscription is written in Sanskrit and it is in Kannada script.

There is a mention about the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakeshin II and the victory of Chalukyas over Pallavas. It also mentions about the shifting of the capital from Aihole to Badami.

They were written by Ravikirti, the court poet of Pulakeshi II who reigned from 610 to 642 CE.

169
Q

Display of National Flag in public is governed by

A

Flag Code of India, 2002’ and ‘The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971’, Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005.

170
Q

What regulates the antiquities and art treasure in India

A

The Archaeological Survey of India is an Indian government agency attached to the Ministry of Culture that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who also became its first Director-General.

It regulate all archaeological activities in the country as per the provisions of the ancient monument and archaeological sites and remains act, 1958.

It also regulates antiquities and art treasure act, 1972.

171
Q

International Energy Forum (IEF)

A

The International Energy Forum (IEF) aims to foster greater mutual understanding and awareness of common energy interests among its members.

The 72 Member Countries of the Forum are signatories to the IEF Charter, which outlines the framework of the global energy dialogue through this inter-governmental arrangement.

Covering all six continents and accounting for around 90% of global supply and demand for oil and gas, the IEF is unique in that it comprises not only consuming and producing countries of the International Energy Agency and OPEC, but also Transit States and major players outside of their memberships, including Argentina, China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.

172
Q

Is india member of IEF

A

The International Energy Forum (IEF) aims to foster greater mutual understanding and awareness of common energy interests among its members.

The 72 Member Countries of the Forum are signatories to the IEF Charter, which outlines the framework of the global energy dialogue through this inter-governmental arrangement.

Covering all six continents and accounting for around 90% of global supply and demand for oil and gas, the IEF is unique in that it comprises not only consuming and producing countries of the International Energy Agency and OPEC, but also Transit States and major players outside of their memberships, including Argentina, China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.

173
Q

Mentor india campaign

A

NITI Aayog launched the Mentor India Campaign, a strategic nation building initiative to engage leaders who can guide and mentor students at more than 900 Atal Tinkering Labs, established across the country as a part of the Atal Innovation Mission.

Mentor India is aimed at maximizing the impact of Atal Tinkering Labs, possibly the biggest disruption in formal education globally. The idea is to engage leaders who will nurture and guide students in the Atal Tinkering Labs. These labs are non-prescriptive by nature, and mentors are expected to be enablers rather than instructors.

174
Q

SETU

A

Government has announced the setting up of a Self- Employment and Talent Utilisation (SETU) mechanism.

Presenting the General Budget 2015-16 in the Lok Sabha here today, the Union Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley stated that SETU will be a Techno-Financial, Incubation and Facilitation Programme to support all aspects of startup businesses, and other self-employment activities, particularly in technology-driven areas.

An amount of Rs.1000 crore is being set up initially in NITI Aayog for SETU.

175
Q

invasive plants which caused major threat to the wildlife habitat in the
Nilgiri Biosphere reserve.

A

Senna Spectabilis is an invasive plants which caused major threat to the wildlife habitat in the
Nilgiri Biosphere reserve.

176
Q

Survival international

A

We are Survival, the global movement for tribal peoples’ rights.

We’re the only organization that champions tribal peoples around the world.

We help them defend their lives, protect their lands and determine their own futures.”

177
Q

The Global Findex database

A

The Global Findex database is the world’s most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. World Bank launched this initiative with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the database has been published every three years since 2011.

178
Q

MTCR

A

The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal and voluntary partnership among 35 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 km.

It aims to limit the proliferation of missile and other unmanned delivery systems that could be used for chemical or nuclear attacks. India recently became the member of MTCR.

India is a member country of MTCR.

179
Q

BIMSTEC

A

This sub-regional organization came into being on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. It constitutes seven Member States: five deriving from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.

Another Bangkok declaration is by
ASEAN

180
Q

What are sunrise industry

A

sunrise industry is one that is new or relatively new, is growing fast and is expected to become important in the future. Thus policy support to such industries attract a lot of employment.

181
Q

Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC)

A

The International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, also known as the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC), was established on 25 November 2002 as an arrangement to prevent the proliferation of ballistic missiles

182
Q

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254

A

The resolution demands that all parties immediately cease any attacks against civilian targets in Syria, it urges all Member States to support efforts to achieve a ceasefire and requests the U.N. to convene the parties to engage in formal negotiations in early January 201

183
Q

EMISAT Satellite

A

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched the country’s first electronic surveillance satellite, EMISAT. It was launched on-board PSLV-C45.
EMISAT is an advanced electronic intelligence (ELINT) satellite jointly developed by “ISRO-DRDO.” It is meant for electromagnetic spectrum measurements. It is modelled after a famous Israeli spy satellite called SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and ALtika

Not only by ISRO see it properly

184
Q

GAFA tax

A

French finance minister Bruno Le Maire announced the introduction of a GAFA tax—named after Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon—on large technology and internet companies in France from 1 January 2019. The French proposal is set to target only those profitable companies that have heavy annual global revenue.

185
Q

Blue Helmets

A

UN Peacekeepers who provide security and the political and peace building support to
countries in conflict

186
Q

India’s first Hyperloop route will be coming up in

A

Andhra Pradesh

187
Q

What is bigger in area and population pakistan or Afghanistan

A

Pakistan

188
Q

around 1000 petroglyphs has been discovered making them one of the most significant archaeological finds of recent past. Where those particular petroglyphs are located?

A

Ratnagiri

189
Q

Green Room Meetings

A

The informal name of the director-general’s conference room. It is used to refer to meetings of 20-40 delegations, usually at the level of heads of delegations. These meetings can take place elsewhere, such as at Ministerial Conferences, and can be called by the minister chairing the conference as well as the director-general.

Recently seen in WTO

190
Q

Ghumot

A

The ghumott, ghumot, gumot or ghumat is a membranophone instrument from Goa, India.

Ghumat is a percussion instrument of earthen vessel having both sides open;
on the bigger opening a leather of monitor lizard is mounted.

Ghumot, Goa’s indigenous traditional percussion instrument made from an earthen vessel, will be notified as a heritage instrument of Goa.

The instrument was banned due to the use of the skin of the endangered monitor lizard for the drum membrane. In recent years, ghumot makers have started using goat skin instead.

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