Test 2 Review Questions -- Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 1

What is a major difference between the seeds of gymnosperms and the seeds of angiosperms?

Answer 1

Angiosperm seeds contain endosperm; gymnosperm seeds do not

Question 2

Microgametophyte

Answer 2

male gametophyte of seed plants

Question 3

Megagametophyte

Answer 3

female gametophyte of seed plants

Question 4

Gametangia

Answer 4

specialized organ where gametes are formed

Question 5

What is the microgametophyte of a pine?

Answer 5

Mature pollen grain

Question 6

Do the microgametophytes of pines have gametangia?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What is the megagametophyte of a pine?

Answer 7

Archegonia with egg cells

Question 8

Do the megagametophytes of pines have gametangia?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is the role of pollen tubes in angiosperms?

Answer 9

• Deliver one sperm nucleus to the egg (to form the zygote)
• Deliver the other sperm nucleus to the central cell nuclei (to form endosperm)

Question 10

Endosperm

Answer 10

part of seed that stores food for embryo

Question 11

What is the role of the pollen tube in gymnosperms?

Answer 11

• Deliver one sperm nucleus to the egg (to form zygote)
• Major nutritional support

Question 12

Why do we use the term nucellus for the megasporangium in seed plants?

Answer 12

Highlight role as changed from producing megaspores to retaining and providing nutrition to a single megaspore

Question 13

There will be cones in several different states on a pine tree. List the possibilities.

Answer 13

• Male (pollen-bearing) cones
• Early first-year ovulate cones (open to allow pollination)
• Late first-year ovulate cones (closed as pollen tube grows to egg)
• Second year ovulate cones (open to disperse seed)
• Cones after second year (no longer have seeds, so they fall)

Question 14

What was Darwin’s “abominable mystery”?

Answer 14

Relative sudden appearance and rapid radiation of flower plants

Question 15

What are flowers, anatomically speaking?

Answer 15

Modified strobili

Question 16

What are modified flower parts, anatomically speaking?

Answer 16

Modified leaves

Question 17

Double Fertilization

Answer 17

process in angiosperms where one sperm nucleus fuses with egg to produce zygote, and other sperm nucleus fuses with polar nuclei to create endosperm

Question 18

Antipodal Cells

Answer 18

Cells that supply nutrition to gametophyte

Question 19

Synergids

Answer 19

Two specialized cells that lay adjacent to egg cell and guide pollen tube

Question 20

Polar Nuclei

Answer 20

Two nuclei that migrate to center of embryo sac and fuse with sperm to form primary endosperm nucleus

Question 21

What are the antipodal cells, synergids, polar nuclei, and egg cell derived from?

Answer 21

Functional megaspore

Question 22

Embryo Sac

Answer 22

megagametophyte in angiosperms

Question 23

By what kind of division are the constituent cells of the embryo sac formed?

Answer 23

three rounds of mitosis

Question 24

Stamens

Answer 24

microsporophyll of angiosperms

Question 25

Carpel/Pistil

Answer 25

megasporophyll of angiosperms

Question 26

Anthers

Answer 26

microsporangium of angiosperms

Question 27

Nucellus

Answer 27

megasporangium of angiosperm

Question 28

Mature Pollen Grain

Answer 28

microgametophyte of angiosperm

Question 29

Embryo Sac

Answer 29

megagametophyte of angiosperm

Question 30

Seed

Answer 30

mature, developed, fertilized ovule of angiosperm

Question 31

Fruit

Answer 31

mature, developed ovary of an angiosperm

Question 32

What are the potential sources of nutrients for germinating seeds?

Answer 32

Endosperm and Cotyledons

Question 33

The cotyledons are a constituent part of what?

Answer 33

Embryo

Question 34

How do cotyledons develop?

Answer 34

Embryogenesis

Question 35

Embryogenesis

Answer 35

development of fertilized egg into embryo

Question 36

What is the ploidy of cotyledons?

Answer 36

Diploid

Question 37

Inflorescence

Answer 37

structure that contains multiple flowers arranged in specific patterns