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EMT > Test 2 Review of Random ?'s > Flashcards

Test 2 Review of Random ?'s Flashcards

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1
Q

What differences in a child’s airway might make airway management more dif cult than in an adult?

A smaller and larger soft palate
A harder soft palate and more narrow trachea
Proportionally larger tongue and larger teeth making airway obstructions more common
Proportionally larger teeth and trachea
Proportionally larger tongue and more narrow trachea

A

Proportionally larger tongue and more narrow trachea

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2
Q

You are preparing a nebulized albuterol treatment for your patient, you mix ______ into 3mL of saline. Albuterol is a(n) _________.

2.5mg
2.5g
180mcg
beta 1-agonist
beta 2-agonist
alpha-beta agonist

A

2.5mg, beta 2-agonist

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3
Q

The indication for albuterol would be:

Bronchospasm
Esophageal varices
Acute chest pain
Suprasternal chest pain
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms

A

Bronchospasm

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4
Q

Which of the following is not one of the 5 “rights” before administering a drug

Right Place
Right Person
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Date

A

Right Place

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5
Q

You have given your patient a dose of nitroglycerin when your patient begins to complain of a headache, you should:

Immediately withhold any further doses of the medication
Immediately recognize the presence of an allergic reaction and give oxygen
Explain to the patient since nitroglycerin is a vasoconstrictor it is common to experience a headache after taking nitroglycerin
Immediately give high flow oxygen
None of the above

A

None of the above

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6
Q

Your patient is experiencing a severe allergic reaction. In management in severe allergic reactions with both respiratory and circulatory involvement, the first line treatment is:

High flow oxygen therapy with a non-rebreather with reservoir at 15L/min Epinephrine administration to an area of high muscle
High ow oxygen therapy with a non-rebreather with reservoir at 15L/min, titrated to 94% SPO2
Positive pressure ventilation with a BVM with reservoir at 15L/min
Epinephrine administration to an area of high fat

A

Epinephrine administration to an area of high muscle

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes “indication”

Desired effects of a drug on the patient and/or the body systems.
The actions of a drug other than those desired.
The action of a drug.
How the drug help’s the patient
None of the above

A

None of the above

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8
Q

You are preparing a nebulized treatment for your patient, your partner hands your a medication called Ventolin. You would recognize this as:

Albuterol
Diphenhydramine
Epinephrine
Ketamine
None of the above

A

Albuterol

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9
Q

When assessing if your patient has any contraindications to aspirin, you are assessing for:

Bleeding risk
Pregnancy risk
Low levels of platelets
Low levels of white blood cells
All of the above

A

Bleeding risk

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10
Q

Epinephrine is a(n)…

Alpha antagonist
Beta-1 agonist
Beta-2 agonist
Alpha agonist
Alpha-beta agonist

A

Alpha-beta agonist

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11
Q

When given an order by the medical director to give a medication, you should repeat the order back word for word, this is called:

Closed-loop communication
Open-loop communication
In-the-loop communication
First person communication
Higher order communication

A

Closed-loop communication

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12
Q

Which of the following respiratory diseases causes obstruction of the lower airway?

Epiglottis
Emphysema
Croup
Asthma
More than one of the above is correct

A

More than one of the above is correct

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13
Q

The most severe allergic reactions usually result from:

Medications/Insect stings
Foods
Liquid mercury
Pollutants
Colored dyes in foods and sodas

A

Medications/Insect stings

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?

Abuse and neglect
Respiratory compromise
Cardiac birth defect
Respiratory birth defect
Accidental overdose

A

Respiratory compromise

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15
Q

When a child starts to become hypoxic, the pulse will initially:

Increase
Become irregular
Decrease
Not change

A

Increase

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16
Q

Albuterol, a beta-2 agonist, is the generic name for:

Atrovent
Alupent
Metaprel
Brethine
Ventolin

A

Ventolin

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17
Q

An acute bacterial infection that results in swelling of the flap that covers the larynx during swallowing is called:

croup
laryngitis
epiglottitis
diphtheria
glottitis

A

epiglottitis

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18
Q

A 70-year-old man recently had a heart attack and now complains of severe dif culty breathing, especially when lying at. He is coughing up pink, frothy secretions and has profound pedal edema and JVD. The most likely cause of this patients symptoms is:

acute right heart failure.
severe left heart failure that lead to right sided heart failure
severe right heart failure that lead to left sided heart failure
these are common complications from heart attack treatments
acute left sided heart failure

A

severe left heart failure that lead to right sided heart failure

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19
Q

You have a 45 y/o patient complaining of dif culty breathing that began suddenly. Your patient has clear and equal breath sounds with equal chest rise. Your patient has no JVD or pedal edema, and all vital signs are within normal range, however, your patient is in the tripod position and is breathing audibly. Which of the following should be included for your treatment in this patient?

Apply the AED and transport rapidly.
Provide supplemental oxygen
Provide positive pressure ventilations
Place an OPA and if your patient has a gag re ex, place an NPA
None of the above

A

Provide supplemental oxygen

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20
Q

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?

A history of chronic or terminal illness, productive cough, weakness, low pulse oximeter reading
A history of respiratory problems, thoracic trauma, and absent lung sounds
A possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture, chest pain, tachypnea
A possible cardiac history, rales, pedal edema, and orthopnea
Shortness of breath after a 20 minute car ride to the store that began suddenly

A

A possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture, chest pain, tachypnea

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21
Q

Which of the following two statements is true regarding asthma?

Asthma involves accumulation of air in the pleural space
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space.
Asthma involves excessive mucus production.
Asthma involves bronchoconstriction
Asthma involves hyoid spasms
Asthma involves the presentation of urticaria

A

Asthma involves excessive mucus production.
Asthma involves bronchoconstriction

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22
Q

Which of the following statements by your patient would prompt you to not give nitroglycerin:

“I went on a walk yesterday and become diaphoretic with some intense chest pain but I feel otherwise okay now”
“When I was sitting here watching TV I felt a few palpitations then I had severe chest pain that has not gone away, I took viagra about 8 hours ago”
“I have been having uncomfortable chest pain for the last 4 days”
“I was mowing the grass when I become extremely short of breath and diaphoretic”
“My husband was doing some chores when he became extremely short of breath and started complaining of chest pain, he shortly after passed out!”

A

“I went on a walk yesterday and become diaphoretic with some intense chest pain but I feel otherwise okay now”
“When I was sitting here watching TV I felt a few palpitations then I had severe chest pain that has not gone away, I took viagra about 8 hours ago”
“I have been having uncomfortable chest pain for the last 4 days”
“My husband was doing some chores when he became extremely short of breath and started complaining of chest pain, he shortly after passed out!”

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23
Q

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

altered mental status and bradycardia.
unilateral paralysis and slurred speech.
anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea.
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.
all of the above are symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome

A

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

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24
Q

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with a deep depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?

assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam
oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital
oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital
oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a rapid trauma assessment

A

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

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25
Q

While palpating the radial pulse of a 56-year-old man with chest pain, you note that the pulse rate is 86 beats/min and irregular. This indicates:

Pain
Anxiety
Bradycardia
Dysrhythmia
None of the above

A

Dysrhythmia

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26
Q

How does nitroglycerin help?

Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Hypoperfusion
Increasing the blood pressure
All of the above

A

Vasodilation

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27
Q

Oral glucose is indicated in patients with a blood sugar less than:

A

60

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28
Q

A 56-year-old man has an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following blood vessels became blocked and led to his condition?

Myocardial arteries
Coronary veins
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries

A

Coronary arteries

29
Q

A patient with cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular brillation has the greatest chance for survival if:

CPR is initiated within 10 minutes.
oxygen and rapid transport are provided.
de brillation is provided within 2 minutes.
paramedics arrive at the scene within 5 minutes.
placement of an advanced airway

A

debrillation is provided within 2 minutes.

30
Q

A 59-year-old woman presents with chest pressure. She is conscious and alert, but her skin is cool, pale, and clammy. Your rst step in providing care (treatment) should be:

apply the AED.
give a patient one dose of her nitroglycerin
begin positive pressure ventilation
take a complete set of vitals
give the patient 5 baby aspirin

A

take a complete set of vitals

31
Q

If a patient with an implanted pacemaker is in cardiac arrest, the EMT should:

avoid de brillation with the AED and transport at once.
not apply the AED until he or she contacts medical control.
place the AED pads away from the pacemaker.
apply the AED pads directly over the implanted pacemaker.
None of the above

A

place the AED pads away from the pacemaker.

32
Q

Your patient reports to you they commonly get diaphoretic and have chest pain after walking up a ight of stairs but reports the pain goes after they rest for a few minutes, this patient is most likely experiencing:

Unstable angina
Stable angina
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism
Acute coronary syndrome

A

Stable angina

33
Q

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

acute hypoglycemia.
acute hyperglycemia.
a ruptured cerebral artery.
a complex partial seizure.
an occluded cerebral artery.

A

a ruptured cerebral artery.

34
Q

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min and adequate. In addition to high- ow oxygen, further treatment should include:

assisting him with his migraine medication and transporting without lights and siren.
applying warm compresses to the back of his neck and transporting with lights and siren.
dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.
placing him in a supine position and transporting with lights and siren to a stroke center.
None of the above

A

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

35
Q

The EMT-B can give oxygen without medical control approval
True
False

A

False

36
Q

The most the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the _______ which is seen in _______.
(note: the rst three answer choices are options for the rst blank, and the last three answer choices are for the second blank)

Brain stem
Forebrain
Foramen Magnum
Starlings Triad
Beck’s Triad
Cushing’s Triad

A

Brain stem, Cushing’s Triad

37
Q

Your patient tells you in the past they were diagnosed with in ammation of the outermost membrane that covers the brain, this patient is describing:

Encephalitis
Meningitis
Schizophrenia
Brain abscess
HSV-encephalitis

A

Meningitis

38
Q

You are called to Walmart for a individual who fell to the ground and was shaking violently. When you arrive to the scene bystanders report the shaking lasted about 2 minutes and was a full body response. This patient likely experienced a:

Postictal state
Simple focal seizure
Status epilepticus
Absence seizure
None of the above

A

None of the above

39
Q

You are called to the scene of an elementary school for a concerned teacher who reports a young student frequently will abruptly stop mid-conversation and stare into space but would return to the conversation after about 10 seconds of staring. This is most likely:

Postictal state
Simple focal seizure
Status epilepticus
Absence seizure
None of the above

A

Absence seizure

40
Q

What is closed-loop communication?

Repeating word for word the transmission
Closed-loop communication allows to ask questions
Only repeating the dose
None of the above
All of the above

A

Repeating word for word the transmission

41
Q

Your patient took 60 Advil about 70 minutes ago. What will you do for your patient?

Transport rapidly
Apply a NC at 6LPM
Give activated charcoal at .5-1mg/kg
Give activated charcoal at .5-1g/kg
Induce vomiting

A

Transport rapidly

42
Q

Your patient reports having shortness of breath, but no chest pain. In regards to the shortness of breath the patient is…

A pertinent neutral - SOB
A pertinent negative
A pertinet positive
None of the above

A

A pertinet positive

43
Q

Which portion of the heart, when weakened by a heart attack, is responsible for causing uid to back up into the alveoli?

Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Pulmonary vein
Coronary arteries

A

Left ventricle

44
Q

Which of these most accurately describes insulin?

Hormone that breaks food into simple sugars
Pill that must be taken by patients with diabetes
Drug that increases the sugar in the blood
Hormone that enables glucose to move into the cells
Both A and D

A

Hormone that enables glucose to move into the cells

45
Q

During the postictal state, it is best to put the patient…
Supine so you can suction
In the lateral recumbent position
Supine so you can monitor their airway
Prone so they are not directly exposed to light
Prone for airway monitoring

A

In the lateral recumbent position

46
Q

You administer a medication that is an alpha-agonist, this medication will cause:

Bradycardia
Decrease of the pulse pressure
Bronchial constriction
Bronchial dilation
More than one of the above

A

Bronchial dilation

47
Q

Carbon Monoxide poisoning can give an SpO2 reading at 100% because…

It binds on hemoglobin 20x stronger
It binds on red blood cells 200x stronger
It binds on red blood cells 20x stronger
It binds on hemoglobin 200x stronger

A

It binds on hemoglobin 200x stronger

48
Q

A patient who suddenly stopped drinking alcohol after a long period of drinking will most immediately suffer from?

Early onset dementia
Marfan’s syndrome
Cerebral shrinking
Cerebral expansion
Delirium tremens

A

Delirium tremens

49
Q

You are dispatched to the residence of a 80 y.o female who is presenting with an altered mental status. You nd the patient has pinpoint pupils, what is a potential cause of the pinpoint pupils?

Morphine
Cocaine
Crack
Heroin
Acetaminophen
Adderall

A

Morphine, Heroin

50
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding submersion incidents:
These patients should be considered hypoxic
These patients are considered hypothermic
All submersion emergencies should assume spinal injury
There are no restrictions on AED use and submersion emergencies
All of the above is true

A

There are no restrictions on AED use and submersion emergencies

51
Q

Your patient does not want you to transport them because they believe all medical workers are murders. What psychiatric symptom would this fall under?

Paranoia
Phobia
Mania
Delirium
Depression

A

Paranoia

52
Q

A pregnant patient would be put on her side to relieve pressure off the descending aortic artery
True
False

A

False

53
Q

During delivery, the baby presents with the cephalic region emerging rst. What should be done in this situation?

This is not a deliverable position and you should drive with lights and sirens Place the mother supine with her butt elevated
Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby’s face
Insert a gloved hand into the vagina relieving pressure off the cord
None of the above

A

None of the above

54
Q

During delivery, the baby presents with the butt emerging fi rst, what should be done in this situation?

This is not a deliverable position and you should drive with lights and sirens Place the mother supine with her butt elevated
Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby’s face
Insert a gloved hand into the vagina relieving pressure off the cord
None of the above

A

Insert a gloved hand into the vagina creating a V-shape to push the vaginal wall from the baby’s face

55
Q

How many degrees per hour should someone be warmed after severe hypothermia

A

1

56
Q

In the management of a COPD patient experiencing an acute exacerbation, which of the following treatments is typically administered fi rst?

Oral antibiotics
IV uids
IV steroids
Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators
Epi-pen

A

Supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators

57
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls and loss of lung elasticity?

Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
Pneumonia
None of the above

A

Emphysema

58
Q

Which type of COPD is primarily associated with chronic productive cough and excessive mucus production?

Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Cystic fibrosis

A

Chronic bronchitis

59
Q

Which of the following is the most common type of stroke, accounting for approximately 85% of all strokes?

Hemorrhagic stroke
TIA
Ischemic stroke
Embolic stroke
None of the above

A

Ischemic stroke

60
Q

Which of the following is a common sign of a stroke, often assessed using the Cincinnati stroke scale?

Fever
Arm weakness
Leg weakness
Tinnitus
Altered mental status

A

Arm weakness

61
Q

APGAR scores are taken at _____ minute and _____ minutes.

A

1, 5

62
Q

The dose for activated charcoal for both adults and pediatrics is _____ The total max dose for nitroglycerin is _____ mg. The dose of aspirin is _____ Ensure to use the correct units for the dose if not given.

A

.5-1g/kg, 1.2, 325mg

63
Q

You are preparing to give your patient epinephrine for an acute allergic reaction, the route of delivery you would choose would be _____ and given at a _____
degree angle. This type of route of delivery allows for _____
absorption of the medication. The ideal site of delivery for a patient without legs would be the _____

options
90
75-90
45-60
45
25

A

IM, 90, rapid, deltoid

64
Q

Blood that enters the right side of the heart is ___ blood that came from the _____ When the right side fails, it causes _____ Blood that is sent to the lungs is part of the _____ circulation
Blood that enters the left side of the heart is _____ blood that came from the _____ When the left side fails, it causes _____ The left side sends blood to the _____

options
brain
kidneys
jugular vein
systemic
systemic edema

A

de oxygenated, body, pedal edema, pulmonary, oxygenated, lungs, pulmonary edema, body

65
Q

All high quality breathing should have what three things: _____, _____, and _____; what are the three items do we use to assess how well our patient is breathing: _____
_____ and _____.

A

quiet, effortless , equal chest rise, rate, rhythm, quality

66
Q

Place each drug into the correct category (note: not all answer choices will be used)
Medications the EMT can give, Medications the EMT can assist

options
oxygen
glucose
aspirin
insulin
nitro
MDI Albuterol

A

Medications the EMT can give
oxygen
glucose
aspirin
Medications the EMT can assist
nitro
MDI Albuterol

67
Q

Categorize the following signs and symptoms as hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia:

options
Gradual onset
Fast and deep breathing
Positive urine test for ketones
Rapid pulse
Diabetic coma
Excessive urination
Polyphagia
Rapid onset
Normal breathing
Negative urine test for ketones
Cool and clammy
Insulin shock

A

hyperglycemia
Gradual onset
Fast and deep breathing
Positive urine test for ketones
Rapid pulse
Diabetic coma
Excessive urination
Polyphagia

hypoglycemia
Rapid onset
Normal breathing
Negative urine test for ketones
Cool and clammy
Insulin shock

68
Q

Order from fastest to slowest how quickly the drug route leads to drug absorption

A

IM
Inhalation
Ingestion

EMT (13 decks)

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