Test 2 pt2

Question 1

What are cognitive distortions?

Answer 1

Irrational thoughts that can influence your emotions.

Question 2

What are the two ways of coping with stress according to the Transactional model of stress and coping?Which one is ultimately better for your mental health in the long run.

Answer 2

1. Problem- focused coping* : when we feel we have control overthe situation; we can manage the source of the problem
2. Emotion-focusing coping: when we feel we cannot manage the source of the problem. Instead we try to regulate our stress (our own emotions).

Question 3

What and which systems are affected by chronic stress?

Answer 3

• Musculoskeletal system: When the body is stressed, muscles tense up
• Respiratory system: Stress and strong emotions can cause shortness of breath and rapid breathing
• Cardiovascular system: Stress can increase heart rate, cause stronger contractions of the heart
  muscle, and increase blood pressure
• Endocrine system: Cortisol is released to provide us with energy & boosts our immune system to
  deal with stress

Question 4

What type of questioning is used in cognitive restructuring?

Answer 4

1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (ABC Technique) : Process of identifying and disputing cognitive distortions
2. Socratic questioning : a method for disputing thoughts; the process of challenging, and changing, irrational thoughts

Question 5

What is the connection between positive psychology, character strengths, and virtues?

Answer 5

1. Physical health benefits (direct)
   * Improves chronic pain management
2. Stress-related behaviour (indirect)
   * reduced substance misuse, craving, and substance-related stress,
   * insomnia
   * poor eating

Question 6

Why is it important to be knowledgeable of ethics and philosophy

Answer 6

Because it’s important to
have a code on which you base
your decisions; (almost) always
able to answer the “Why” of
your thoughts and behaviours.

Question 7

What is wu-wei?

Answer 7

A Taoist concept of “effortless action,” where one aligns with the natural flow of life, acting without force or struggle.

Question 8

What is stoicism?

Answer 8

A Greek philosophy focused on self-control and rationality, encouraging acceptance of what we can’t control and finding peace through virtue.