Test 2 practice questions (old) Flashcards
A bundle of fibers that form a specific tract may also be called a ___
fasciculus
In general, ganglia are found in the ___, while groups of neurons in the __ are called nuclei.
PNS
CNS
Which region of neural plate forms PNS?
Neural crest
Filum terminale is remnant of what structure?
Pia Mater
Somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ gyrus
postcentral
Motor neurons within the ventral horns are examples of __ type neurons
Multipolar
Connection between most neurons in the mammalian NS is?
Synapse
Which axons leave spinal cord in the ventral root?
Somatic Motor
How many neurons participate in a stretch reflex such as the knee jerk reflex?
2
Alpha motor neurons innervate….
Extrafusal motor fibers
Matching: Match neuron type with location. Options are Unipolar (pseudounipolar), Bipolar, Multipolar
Spinal Ganglion Vestibular Ganglion Outer pyramidal layer of cortex DRG Inner granule layer of cortex
Multipolar Bipolar Multipolar Unipolar (pseudounipolar) Multipolar
What structure(s) end at vertebral level S2?
Filum Terminale
Dural Sac
Where does conus medularis end?
2nd Lumbar
Most common type of synapse
Axodendritic
What is a tract?
Bundle of fibers in the CNS
What CN exits the brainstem between the olive and pyramid?
Hypoglossal
T/F Neurotransmitters reach terminal ends of axon by anterograde transport
True
Which does not make up a part of coccygeal ligament?
Grey matter
Dentate ligament is made up of…
Pia Mater
The following structure belongs to metencephalon…
Facial colliculus
Inf. cerebellar peduncle attaches the __ to the cerebellum.
Medulla
The cauda equina is…
Lumbar and sacral roots extending inferior to the end of the cord.
What connects broca’s to wernicke’s area?
Arcuate association fibers
What Artery runs in lat. fissure?
Middle Cerebral
What Artery supplies Lateral brain?
Middle Cerebral
What artery supplies visual cortex?
Posterior Cerebral
What lobe contains visual cortex?
Occipital
What deep vein goes to the straight sinus?
Great cerebral vein of galen
Territory from which a sensory unit can be excited is known as…
Receptive field
Receptors that respond to stimuli from the internal environment are known as…
Interoreceptors
Aging on motor units results in??
Loss of motor neurons from the cord and stem
FIbers cross where in the medulla?
Internal arcuate fibers
The reticular formation is located where?
In the tegmentum of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
What do primary afferent sensory receptors measure?
Rate of stretch
What do secondary afferent sensory receptors measure?
How long stretch lasts
What are specialized epithelial cells that act as touch receptors?
Merkel disc
What artery supplies visual cortex?
Posterior Cerebral
Where do fibers originate that form the gracile fasciculus?
Upper half of spinal cord
Nuclear bag fibers receive ___ and ___ fibers
Ia primary afferent
Group II afferent
There are __ pairs of spinal nerves in the spinal cord.
31
Corticospinal tract descends in the ___ limb of the internal capsule and is originated in the __ cortex
Posterior/ motor
In the spinal cord, the marginal zone mainly consists of fibers and ___.
Mature cells
Which tract releases serotonin at the spinal cord level?
Raphe spinal
Unconscious proprioceptive fibers of fasciculus cuneus terminate in the ___ nucleus
Accessory cuneate
The ___ tract is concerned with intersegmental spinal reflexes.
Fasciculus Proper
The origin or rubrospinal tract is located in the red nucleus of the ___
Midbrain
The ___ tract originates in the Sup. Colliculus
Tectospinal
What structure gives rise to lateral corticospinal tract?
Pyramidal decussation
The spinal lemniscus (Spinothalamic Tract) is concerned with ___ functional components
GSA
Which tract decussates in the midbrain?
Ventral spinocerebellar
Involuntary motor control tracts terminate mainly in which lamina?
7, 8, some of 9
Which nuclei is part of auditory pathway?
Inf. Colliculus
ANterior horn consists of Rexed lamina or laminae ___
IX
Which vessel supplies the majority of the lateral side of cerebrum?
Middle Cerebral
which cerebellar nucleus is biggest in humans?
Dentate
Where are postganglionic sympathetic bodies located?
Near target organ
Which system cant be mapped in the brain?
Olfactory
Which CN has four nuclei in the brain?
VIII
WHich artery is biggest branch off of internal carotid artery?
Middle cerebral
AT which level does the pathway for pain and temperature sensation for the lower limbs cross the midline?
lumbosacral spinal cord
The circuit for explained emotion is the __ and is involved with the limbic system
Papez circuit
SPinal cord segments that form the cervical enlargement
C5-T1
___ nucleus is necessary for pupillary light reflex
Pretectal
What NT causes inhibition in the motor circuit of the cortex?
GABA
Which NT causes excitation in motor nucleus of cortex?
Glumatime
Purkinje cell is primarily __ in function
Inhibitory
Mossy cell fibers are primarily __ in function
Excitatory
Spinocerebellum controls ___ type movement
Gross
Pontocerebellum controls ___ type movements
FIne
