test 2 - part 2 Flashcards
What is testosterone?
- most important of the male sex hormones
Biological sex is determined by the twenty-third pair of chromosomes. If the pair is XY, what is produced?
- Male
Biological sex is determined by the twenty third pair. If the pair is XX, what is produced?
- female
T/F: Parental influence is not largely genetic
False
Peers are influential in such areas as:
learning to cooperate w/ others, gaining popularity, and developing interactions
What is culture?
composition of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group and transmitted from one gen to the next
individualism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
collectivism
giving priority to goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
What is an example of a predominantly individualist culture?
European populations
What is an example of a predominantly collectivist culture?
Asian populations
Based on genetic makeup, males and females are alike, since:
the majority of our inherited genes (45 chromosomes are unisex) are similar
T/F: Males and females differ biologically in body fat, muscle, height, onset of puberty, and life expectancy
- True
T/F In males, nature of aggression is rarely physical.
- False
Do men or women express themselves in more aggressive ways?
- men
In most societies, men are perceived as what?
- Dominant
Which gender is better at forming relationships?
- Men
In the mother’s womb, the male fetus is exposed to testosterone (bc of the Y chromosome), Which leads to the development of what?
male sex organs
If low levels of testosterone are released in the uterus, the result is what?
A female
What are gender roles?
- expectations of how men and women are supposed to behave
What is gender identity?
- means how a person views himself or herself in terms of gender
What is the social learning theory?
- proposes that we learn gender behavior like any other behavior– reinforcement, punishment, and observation
What is the gender schema theory?
- suggests that we learn a cultural– recipe of how to be a male or a female, which influences our gender based perception and behaviors
What are evolutionary psychologists?
- changes in biological traits changes in behavior using natural selection
What is mutation?
- an alternation in the genetic make up of DNA
What is pruning?
- use it or lose it
What do traits represent?
- are more genetic and biological
What is temperament?
- level of emotion
Piaget
- children are active thinkers
What are the different stages of piagets theory?
- sensory motor
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
What is the Theory of Mind?
- involves ability to read mental state of others
