test 1 - part 2 Flashcards
serotonin function
- affects mood, hunger, sleep arousal
- low lvls linked to depression
norepinephrine function
- helps control alertness and arousal
- low levels depress mood
endorphins function
- boost moods, lessens pain
- artificial opiates cause brain to stop producing endorphines
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- splits into 2 sections
- sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
Nervous system splits into 2
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) splits into 2
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Somatic Nervous System (Skeletal nervous system)
PNS
- connects the central nervous system to the body’s organs and muscles
Sympathetic Nervous System
- arouses and expands energy, accelerates heartbeat, raise blood pressure, slow digestion raise blood sugar, increase, perspiration, FIGHT
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- conserves energy and calms you, slows heartbeat, lowers blood pressure, increases digestion, lowers blood sugar, decreases perspiration
PNS and SNS work together to keep us in
- homeostasis
CNS
- brain and spinal chord only
William James
- FUNTIONALISM
- aimes to consider the evolves functions of our thoughts and feelings
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
- HUMANISTIC
- aimed to draw attention to ways that current environment influences can nurture or limit our growth potential and to the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied
John B Watson and B F skinner
- BEHAVIORISM
- scientific study of observable behavior
- argued that you can’t observe a sensation feeling or thought, but your can observe and record someone’s behavior as they respond to and learn in different situations
evolutionary psychology
- study of evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection
behavior genetics
- study of the relative power and limits f genetic and environmental influences on behavior
culture
- enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of ppl and transmitted from one gem to the next
cognitive psych
- scientifically explores the ways we perceive, process, and rmbr info
cognitive neuroscience
- interdisciplinary study other brain activity linked to cognition
Modern definition of Psych
- the science of behavior and mental processes
Behavior
- anything an organism does, any action we can observe and record
Case study
- examines one individual or social unit in depth in the hope that findings can be generalized
- drawbacks: case study may be too narrow to be of general use
Survey
- asking people to respond in depth to a series of questions or to reports their behavior
- drawbacks: may not have accurate responses or be biased
naturalistic observation
- observing and recording behavior as it occurs in its natural setting
- drawbacks: may not reveal all the factors that contribute
emperical evidence
- evidence gained and verified through objective observation, measurement, and experimentation
Correlation does not equal
- causation
Correlation
- measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together and thus of how well either one predicts the other
______variable influences the change in the ______ variable
- IV
- DV
Willhelm Wundt
- established the 1st psych lab at the Univ of Leipzig, Germany
Freudian Psych
- Sigmund Frued
- emphasized that the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behaviors
Edward Bradford Titchener
- STRUCTURALISM
- aimed to discover the mind’s structure, self reflective introspection (looking inward)
Problems with hindsight bias
- if you knew it all along you will not examine why it happened
- makes us overconfident in our own judgements
Solutions in hindsight bias
- consider the opposite
- consider an explain alternative outcomes
Overconfidence
- humans tend to be more confident that correct
- think we know more than we actually do
3 things that tend to lead us to overestimate our intuition
- hindsight bias
- overconfidence
- our tendency to perceive patterns in random events
Theory
- explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior or events
hypothesis
- testable prediction, often by theory
scientific attitude helps us
- sift through hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perception of patterns in random events through CURIOSITY, SKEPTICISM, and HUMILITY
how psychologists maintain a scientific attitude
- examine assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, assesses conclusions
Operational definition
- carefully worded statement os the exact procedures/operations used in research study How would you operationally describe love? What is intelligence?
replication
- repeating the essence of a research study with different participants and situations
