Test 2 Nomenclature

Question 1

What is a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 1

C(=O)(-OH)

Question 2

How do you name Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 2

-e is removed from the name of the parent chain and replaced with -anoic. The carboxylic acid group is given the #1 location position.

Question 3

What is an Acid Halide?

Answer 3

C(=O)(-X)

Question 4

How do you name Acid Halides?

Answer 4

-name of corresponding carboxylic acid, remove -ic acid and replace with -yl followed by the name of the halogen with an -ide ending Ex: -oyl chloride. Carbonyl carbon is given #1 position

Question 5

What is an Acid Anhydride?

Answer 5

(O=)C-O-C(=O)

Question 6

How do you name Acid Anhydrides”

Answer 6

-Start with the carboxylic acid name, then replace the acid ending with anhydride

Question 7

What is an Ester?

Answer 7

C(=O)(-OR’)

Question 8

How do you name Esters?

Answer 8

-Named as if the alkyl chain from the alcohol is a substituent
No number assigned
Alkyl chain name is followed by the name of the parent chain from the carboxylic acid part of the ester, with -e removed and replaced with -oate
When on a ring, the ester is named as a substituent

Question 9

What is an Amide?

Answer 9

R-C(=O)-N(-R1)(-R2)

Question 10

How do you name Amides?

Answer 10

-Primary amides are named by dropping the -oic or -ic ending of the corresponding acid and adding -amide (carbonyl is #1, but location not needed in name)
Secondary amides are named by using an uppercase N in front of the name to designate that the alkyl group is on the nitrogen atom
Alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen are named as substituents
Tertiary amides are named in the same way as secondary amides, but with two N’s

Question 11

What is an Amine?

Answer 11

(R-N) or (R-N-R) or (R-N(-R)-R)

Question 12

What is an Enolate?

Answer 12

Enolate is a Ketone where the C(=O)-C turns into a C(-O-)=C

Question 13

What is an Enol?

Answer 13

Enol is the protonated version of the (C(-OH)=C)