Chapter 14

Question 1

Where is the H-NMR signal for benzene?

Answer 1

single unspilt signal at 7.27

Question 2

What is a Phenol?

Answer 2

Benzene with an OH

Question 3

What is Benzyl?

Answer 3

A Benzene-CH2-R

Question 4

What is Benzoyl?

Answer 4

Benzene attached to a carbonyl group

Question 5

How do you name benzene rings with single substituents?

Answer 5

substituent + benzene

Chlorobenzene, NitroBenzene

Question 6

How do you name benzene rings with multiple substituents using the number method?

Answer 6

(1,3-blahblahsuffixbenzene)The highest ranked functional group becomes the suffix.

Question 7

How do you name benzene rings with multiple substituents using the Ortho-Meta-Para system?

Answer 7

Highest priority is one, Ortho is 2,6. Meta is 3, 5. Para is 4. Use the prefix o-, m-, or p-.

Question 8

What is Anisole?

Answer 8

Benzene-OCH3

Question 9

What is a Nitro Group?

Answer 9

NO2

Question 10

What is Toluene?

Answer 10

Benzene-CH3

Question 11

What is Sulfonic?

Answer 11

SO3H

Question 12

What is Aceto?

Answer 12

Carbonyl bonded to CH3

Question 13

What is an Aniline?

Answer 13

Benzene ring-NH2

Question 14

What is Xylene?

Answer 14

Benzene with two methyls

Question 15

What is an -oic suffix?

Answer 15

Carboxylic acid functional group

Question 16

What is sec/neo/iso/tert?

Answer 16

All carbons except one form a continuous chain- iso
All carbons except two form a continuous chain- Neo
A functional group is attached to a secondary carbon-sec
A functional group is attached to a tertiary carbon-tert

Question 17

What is the nomenclature for aldehydes?

Answer 17

Suffix al (or aldehyde for common names. If -CHO is attached to a ring, use -carbaldehyde as suffix. Carbon of carbonyl is always one.

Question 18

What is the nomenclature for Ketones?

Answer 18

Prefix Oxo, suffix one. Common name is substituent groups alphabetically + ketone

Question 19

What is Huckel’s rule?

Answer 19

Cyclically conjugated compounds having 4n+2 electronic are aromatic. Cyclically conjugated compounds having 4n electrons are anti aromatic. Compounds with neither of these are nonaromatic

Question 20

How does Huckel’s rule apply to negative charges?

Answer 20

Negative charges count as two pi electrons.

Question 21

How does Huckel’s rule apply to positive charges?

Answer 21

Positive charges do not have any pi electrons, but can participate in resonance

Question 22

How does Huckel’s rule apply to atoms in the cyclic molecule?

Answer 22

If an atom has one or two lone pairs and does not already have a double bond attached to it, it counts as two pi electrons

Question 23

What does cyclic conjugation mean?

Answer 23

All atoms can participate in resonance structure.

Question 24

What are the differing properties in Antiaromatic / Nonaromatic / Aromatic compounds?

Answer 24

Aromatic compounds are very stable and thus have low reactivity. Antiaromatic compounds are very unstable and thus have high reactivity..

Question 25

How do you compare the HNMR signals of different benzylic compounds.

Answer 25

The protons of a benzene ring will show up at ~7-8 on an HNMR. The signals location will shift based on shielding/deshielding, if there are four different locations you will know that there are four differently shielded protons on a benzene ring.

Question 26

Where do Carbon atoms of benzene rings show up on a C13 NMR?

Answer 26

~100-170

Question 27

Generally how do aromatic compounds react?

Answer 27

With monosubstitution, not addition. (do not break =)

Question 28

What functional group is alkyl oxy?

Answer 28

Ether (cyclic ethers have an oxa prefix)

Question 29

What functional group is hydroxy?

Answer 29

alcohol

Question 30

What functional group is hydroxyl?

Answer 30

ketone with one R replaced with OH