test 2 meds Flashcards by Salinger Kaul

alpha 1 adrenergic blockers

hypertension
-zosin
block alpha1 causes dilation
se- orthostatic hypotension
can help renal calculi, prostate hypertrophy

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alpha 2 adrenergic blockers

hypertension
clonidine, methyldopa
reduces SNS, dilation, decrease SVR and BP
-short acting
if stopped fast can cause rebound hypertension
se- ortho. hypo, palpitations, vertigo, sexual dysfunction

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angiotensin II receptor blockers

hypertension
_sartans
prevents angiotensin 2 from binding to receptors
alternative for those who can’t cough with ACE
3-6 weeks to work

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angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

hypertension
-pril
prevent conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2
reduced BP
increase K, angioedema, dry cough, postural hypotension after first dose
preferred for diabetics

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Beta blockers

hypertension
-olol
choice for MI and HF
decrease CO and HR- must assess
hold if less than 60bpm
caution with COPD and asthma
se-hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, CHF symptoms

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calcium channel blockers

hypertension
-dipine, diltiazem, verapamil
prevent inflow of calcium to relax muscles causing decreased contract, conductivity resulting in dec. demand for oxygen
decreased SVR promoted dilation
se- bradycardia, a-v block, N/C, edema
DO NoT use with grapefruit

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loop diuretics

furosemide
hypertension
se- decreased BP, Na, chloride, K, weight, I and o

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thiazide diuretics

hydrochlorothiazide
for hypertension
decreases blood volume and CO
inhibit sodium and chlorine reabsorption
se- hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension

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potassium sparing diuretics

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sinus bradycardia

atropine
anticholinergic inhibiting ACTH
increase HR
give .5 mg IVP
se- anticholinergic effects

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sinus tachycardia

treat cause
vagal mover, beta blocker
cardioversion

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SVT

vagal manuvers
IV adenosine- injection close to heart, rapidly 1-2 seconds with rapid 20ml flush
monitor ecg for asystole
adrenergic blockers, CCB, cardioversion

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atrial flutter

ablation
CCB, beta blockers
cardioversion
Amiodarone- antidysrhythmic, delays repolarization
monitor, avoid stimulants
take with food, thirst, HA, blurred vision

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atrial fibrillation

Amiodarone with cardiovetsion
shock- give anticoagulants
ablation
maze procedure
chronic- digoxin, CCB, adrenergic
stroke prevention

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1st degree heart block

treat cause

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2nd degree heart block type 1

if symptomatic give atropine

2nd degree heart block type 2

temporary pacemaker

3rd degree heart block

epi., temporary pacemaker then permanent pacemaker

PVC’s

amioderone, O2, electrolytes, blockers

ventricular tachycardia

pulse- sotalol and amiodarone, cardioversion
no pulse- CPR, dfib

ventricular fibrillation

epi, CPR, dfib

asystole

CPR and epi every 3-5 min

antiplatlets

aspirin, Colpidogrel
inhibit platelet aggression- prevent MI and stroke
use low dose aspirin, or placid if no asa
???

bile-acid sequesrants

Cholestyramine
binds with acid to excrete in feces, removing bad cholesterol
intense GI issues
can interfere with many other drugs

cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Ezetimibe absorbs cholesterol through intestinal wall addition with statins causes GI distress avoid in liver pts

fibrates

"fib" in names reduce triglycerides give 30 min before morning and night meals

HMG-CoA

statins lowers cholesterol levels hard on the liver- jaundice can cause fetal harm!!! kidney damage

Niacin

secrets LDL and increase HDL pt will have flushing- premeditate can cause GI- give with meals

Nitrates

nitroglycerine, Isosorbide\ prevents and treats angina by dilating arteries decrease demand and increase supply lowers BP can be a rescue med if short acting or prevention everyday for long acting call 911 if 1st dose not help only take 3 doses- cary at all times, should fizz, keep in dark container, replace every 6 mon,

digitalis

digoxin used for HF manages and can also cause dysrhythmias and lowers the HR DO NOT give if the hr is under 60 low therapeutic index, bradycardia, HA, confusion, nausea hypokalemia

warfarin

anticoagulant vitamin k antagonist monitor PT and INR

Heparin

thrombin inhibitors, don't use on already bleeding pts monitor PTT- 46-70

Lovenox

anticoagulant black box warning for spinal things do not mix with other drugs avoid aspirin

factor Xa

VTE prevention and treatment

protamine

antidote for heparin

vitamin K

helps liver produce clotting factors

epoetin alpha

synthetic epo, increases Hct and Hgb for anemia can cause HTN, HA and N monitor BP and CBC

filgrastim

stimulates production of neutrophils in bone marrow treats neutropenia and chemo causes bone pain

oprelvekin

treats thrombocytopenia following chemo causes fluid retention, dyspnea, HF stuff, anemia, tachycardia