test 2 meds

Question 1

alpha 1 adrenergic blockers

Answer 1

hypertension
-zosin
block alpha1 causes dilation
se- orthostatic hypotension
can help renal calculi, prostate hypertrophy

Question 2

alpha 2 adrenergic blockers

Answer 2

hypertension
clonidine, methyldopa
reduces SNS, dilation, decrease SVR and BP
-short acting
if stopped fast can cause rebound hypertension
se- ortho. hypo, palpitations, vertigo, sexual dysfunction

Question 3

angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 3

hypertension
_sartans
prevents angiotensin 2 from binding to receptors
alternative for those who can’t cough with ACE
3-6 weeks to work

Question 4

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Answer 4

hypertension
-pril
prevent conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2
reduced BP
increase K, angioedema, dry cough, postural hypotension after first dose
preferred for diabetics

Question 5

Beta blockers

Answer 5

hypertension
-olol
choice for MI and HF
decrease CO and HR- must assess
hold if less than 60bpm
caution with COPD and asthma
se-hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, CHF symptoms

Question 6

calcium channel blockers

Answer 6

hypertension
-dipine, diltiazem, verapamil
prevent inflow of calcium to relax muscles causing decreased contract, conductivity resulting in dec. demand for oxygen
decreased SVR promoted dilation
se- bradycardia, a-v block, N/C, edema
DO NoT use with grapefruit

Question 7

loop diuretics

Answer 7

furosemide
hypertension
se- decreased BP, Na, chloride, K, weight, I and o

Question 8

thiazide diuretics

Answer 8

hydrochlorothiazide
for hypertension
decreases blood volume and CO
inhibit sodium and chlorine reabsorption
se- hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension

Question 9

potassium sparing diuretics

Question 10

sinus bradycardia

Answer 10

atropine
anticholinergic inhibiting ACTH
increase HR
give .5 mg IVP
se- anticholinergic effects

Question 11

sinus tachycardia

Answer 11

treat cause
vagal mover, beta blocker
cardioversion

Question 12

SVT

Answer 12

vagal manuvers
IV adenosine- injection close to heart, rapidly 1-2 seconds with rapid 20ml flush
monitor ecg for asystole
adrenergic blockers, CCB, cardioversion

Question 13

atrial flutter

Answer 13

ablation
CCB, beta blockers
cardioversion
Amiodarone- antidysrhythmic, delays repolarization
monitor, avoid stimulants
take with food, thirst, HA, blurred vision

Question 14

atrial fibrillation

Answer 14

Amiodarone with cardiovetsion
shock- give anticoagulants
ablation
maze procedure
chronic- digoxin, CCB, adrenergic
stroke prevention

Question 15

1st degree heart block

Answer 15

treat cause

Question 16

2nd degree heart block type 1

Answer 16

if symptomatic give atropine

Question 17

2nd degree heart block type 2

Answer 17

temporary pacemaker

Question 18

3rd degree heart block

Answer 18

epi., temporary pacemaker then permanent pacemaker

Question 19

PVC’s

Answer 19

amioderone, O2, electrolytes, blockers

Question 20

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 20

pulse- sotalol and amiodarone, cardioversion
no pulse- CPR, dfib

Question 21

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 21

epi, CPR, dfib

Question 22

asystole

Answer 22

CPR and epi every 3-5 min

Question 23

antiplatlets

Answer 23

aspirin, Colpidogrel
inhibit platelet aggression- prevent MI and stroke
use low dose aspirin, or placid if no asa
???

Question 24

bile-acid sequesrants

Answer 24

Cholestyramine
binds with acid to excrete in feces, removing bad cholesterol
intense GI issues
can interfere with many other drugs

Question 25

cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 25

Ezetimibe
absorbs cholesterol through intestinal wall
addition with statins
causes GI distress
avoid in liver pts

Question 26

fibrates

Answer 26

“fib” in names
reduce triglycerides
give 30 min before morning and night meals

Question 27

HMG-CoA

Answer 27

statins
lowers cholesterol levels
hard on the liver- jaundice
can cause fetal harm!!!
kidney damage

Question 28

Niacin

Answer 28

secrets LDL and increase HDL
pt will have flushing- premeditate
can cause GI- give with meals

Question 29

Nitrates

Answer 29

nitroglycerine, Isosorbide\
prevents and treats angina by dilating arteries
decrease demand and increase supply
lowers BP
can be a rescue med if short acting or prevention everyday for long acting
call 911 if 1st dose not help
only take 3 doses- cary at all times, should fizz, keep in dark container, replace every 6 mon,

Question 30

digitalis

Answer 30

digoxin
used for HF
manages and can also cause dysrhythmias and lowers the HR
DO NOT give if the hr is under 60
low therapeutic index, bradycardia, HA, confusion, nausea
hypokalemia

Question 31

warfarin

Answer 31

anticoagulant
vitamin k antagonist
monitor PT and INR

Question 32

Heparin

Answer 32

thrombin inhibitors,
don’t use on already bleeding pts
monitor PTT- 46-70

Question 33

Lovenox

Answer 33

anticoagulant
black box warning for spinal things
do not mix with other drugs
avoid aspirin

Question 34

factor Xa

Answer 34

VTE prevention and treatment

Question 35

protamine

Answer 35

antidote for heparin

Question 36

vitamin K

Answer 36

helps liver produce clotting factors

Question 37

epoetin alpha

Answer 37

synthetic epo, increases Hct and Hgb for anemia
can cause HTN, HA and N
monitor BP and CBC

Question 38

filgrastim

Answer 38

stimulates production of neutrophils in bone marrow
treats neutropenia and chemo
causes bone pain

Question 39

oprelvekin

Answer 39

treats thrombocytopenia following chemo
causes fluid retention, dyspnea, HF stuff, anemia, tachycardia