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Patho/Pharm 2 > Test 1 meds > Flashcards

Test 1 meds Flashcards

1
Q

Acarbose

A

glucosidase inhibitors
starch blockers
slows down absorption of carbs in small intestine
first bite with each meal
can cause diarrhea, gas, abdominal distention

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2
Q

Dextrose 50%

A
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3
Q

Glucagon

A
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4
Q

Exendatide

A

GLP- 1 agonists
stimulate incretin that releases insulin
injected
slows gastric emptying and increases satiety
risk for pancreatitis

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5
Q

Glargine

A

long actin insulin
slowly releases insulin into the blood over 24 hours to decrease the rapid rise and fall of glucose levels

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6
Q

Glipizide/ glimepiride

A

increase insulin production and work on b-cells
risk of hypoglycemia bc too much insulin
15-30 min before meal
stomach pain, heart burn

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7
Q

NPH Insulin

A

intermediate acting insulin
its cloudy and opaque
usually combines with regular

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8
Q

Regular Insulin

A

the only short acting
can be given in IV
used mostly for type 1 and DKA

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9
Q

Lispro

A

rapid onset insulin, most like endogenous insulin. facilitates the uptake of the excess glucose at sites for storage in the liver
use within 15 min of meal

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10
Q

Metformin

A

most common
Biguanides- reduce glucose production and enhance insulin sensitivity
don’t use with renal disease and IV contrast

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11
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones
effective with insulin resistance
improve insulin resistance and uses it better
black box warning for heart failure

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12
Q

sitagliptin/ saxagliptin

A

DDP-4 inhibitor
slows the inactivation of incretin that releases insulin
potential hypoglycemia

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13
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
onset: 10-30 min
peak: 30 min- 3 hrs
duration: 3-5 hrs
0- 15 min before meal

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14
Q

short acting insulin

A

Regular insulin
onset: 30-1hr
peak: 2-5 hr
duration: 5-8 hr
30-45 min before meal

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15
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH insulin
onset:1.5-4 hr
peak:4-12 hr
duration: 12-18 hr

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16
Q

long acting insulin

A

Glargine, Detemir, Degludoc
Onset:.8-4 hr
peak: no peak
duration: 16-24 hr

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17
Q

desmopresson

A

an analog of ADH for Diabetes Insipidus
LOC!!!

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18
Q

octreotide

A

Acromegaly med
antagonizes effects of GH
must measure GH levels every 2 weeks until optimal dose is found
risk for gallstones, hyperglycemia and don’t take with renal disease

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19
Q

calcium gluconate

A

used after a thyroidectomy to prevent hypocalcemia after surgery

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20
Q

levothyroxine

A

for hypothyroidism
must take it regularly and monitor for angina and cardiac
monitor thyroid and adjust along the way
if low- lethargy, sleepy, constipation
if high- tremors, tachycardia, irritable, diarrhea

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21
Q

lugols solution

A

iodine
used with other anti-thyroid drugs in prep for thyroidectomy or for a crisis
inhibit synthesis if t3 and 4 and blocks release

22
Q

methimazole

A

anti-thyroid drug
used in thyrotoxic states but dosent cure. helps achieve the state before surgery
blocks you from getting in and causing a thyroid storm (a surge of thyroid)
contraindicated in pregnancy
causes neuropathy, gi upset, dizziness

23
Q

propylthiouracil

A

anti-thyroid drug
same as methimazole
blocks conversion of t3 and t4

24
Q

corticosteroids

A

for Addisons
should br taken in the morning with food
don’t stop abruptly
assess for osteoporosis

25
Q

mitotane

A

for cushings syndrome
inhibits adrenal function
suppress cortisol production
can be toxic

26
Q

anticholinergic nasal spray

A

ipratropium bromide
blocks nasal receptors reducing nasal secretions in colds and rhinitis
causes- nasal dryness, nosebleeds, NO systemic effect

27
Q

antihistamine

A

cetirizine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, loratadine
bind with H1 receptors to block histamine release and relieve symptoms of allergies. dip causes sedation and anticholinergic

28
Q

antitussives and expectorats

A

guaifenesin, benzonatate
irritates membrane to release mucus causing cough, but can cause drowsiness, gi upset

29
Q

antiviral

A

oseltamivir
prevent virus from being released and spread to other cells, shorten duration of sickness and reduce complications

30
Q

oral decongestant

A

phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine
promotes vasocontsriction and reduces congestion
causes- everything hyped up, cardio disease, hypertension, diabetes

31
Q

nasal decongestant spray

A

oxymetazoline
vasoconstriction reducing congestion
cont sue for more than 5 days!!
can cause addiction

32
Q

flu vaccine

A

6 months and up get vaccine, no immunocompromised, pregnancy, egg allergies

33
Q

amoxicillin

A

antibiotic for pheumonia
can cause candidiasis and rash

34
Q

azithromycin

A

for community acquired pneumonia
can cause N/V/D, abd pain, infections

35
Q

penicillin

A

for pneumonia

36
Q

pneumococcal vaccine

A

indicated for those with chronic illness, 65 yo, long term care facility

37
Q

anticholinergics

A

ipratropium, tiotropium
prevent bronchial muscle tightening, reducing PNS

38
Q

long-acting anticholinergics

A

SABA and Ipratropium used to open airways

39
Q

short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists

A

albuterol
receives acute bronchospasm, produce dilation
se- tremors, anx, nausea, tachycardia, palpitations
no longer first line

40
Q

long acting beta adrenergic agonists

A

formoterol, salmeterol
need in a combination with ICS
effective for 12 hours
can cause heart problems

41
Q

corticosteroids (inhaled)

A

fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone
for asthma first line agent for attack and management
also anti-inflammatory
se- bruising, candidiasis, hoarseness, dry cough
little se compared to oral steroids

42
Q

epinephrine

A

use if nothing else is helping

43
Q

leukotriene modifiers

A

montelukast
inhibit airway edema, mucus production, etc. blocks release, and bronchodilator
does NoT reverse spasms in acute asthma attacks
may cause ha, dizziness, go change

44
Q

methylxanthines

A

theophylline
used for asthma alternate therapy
has a very narrow therapeutic window!!!

45
Q

timilol

A

topical beta blocker for glaucoma, can be addictive

46
Q

acetazolamide

A

decrease the amount of aqueous humor in glaucoma

47
Q

Isoniazid

A

for TB
SE- peripheral neuritis- inflammation of nerves, tingling and numb, jaundice
-give vitamin B to prevent nerves and its the primary meds

48
Q

Rifampin

A

TB, hepatotoxicity, decrease birth control and makes secretions orange

49
Q

Rifabutin

A

TB
makes secretions orange

50
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB
optic neuritis causes blurry and pain
give with food for gi upset

51
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

TB
give with food for upset

52
Q
A

Patho/Pharm 2 (2 decks)

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