Test 1 meds Flashcards by Salinger Kaul

Acarbose

glucosidase inhibitors
starch blockers
slows down absorption of carbs in small intestine
first bite with each meal
can cause diarrhea, gas, abdominal distention

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Dextrose 50%

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Glucagon

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Exendatide

GLP- 1 agonists
stimulate incretin that releases insulin
injected
slows gastric emptying and increases satiety
risk for pancreatitis

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Glargine

long actin insulin
slowly releases insulin into the blood over 24 hours to decrease the rapid rise and fall of glucose levels

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Glipizide/ glimepiride

increase insulin production and work on b-cells
risk of hypoglycemia bc too much insulin
15-30 min before meal
stomach pain, heart burn

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NPH Insulin

intermediate acting insulin
its cloudy and opaque
usually combines with regular

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Regular Insulin

the only short acting
can be given in IV
used mostly for type 1 and DKA

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Lispro

rapid onset insulin, most like endogenous insulin. facilitates the uptake of the excess glucose at sites for storage in the liver
use within 15 min of meal

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Metformin

most common
Biguanides- reduce glucose production and enhance insulin sensitivity
don’t use with renal disease and IV contrast

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Pioglitazone

Thiazolidinediones
effective with insulin resistance
improve insulin resistance and uses it better
black box warning for heart failure

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sitagliptin/ saxagliptin

DDP-4 inhibitor
slows the inactivation of incretin that releases insulin
potential hypoglycemia

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rapid acting insulin

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
onset: 10-30 min
peak: 30 min- 3 hrs
duration: 3-5 hrs
0- 15 min before meal

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short acting insulin

Regular insulin
onset: 30-1hr
peak: 2-5 hr
duration: 5-8 hr
30-45 min before meal

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intermediate acting insulin

NPH insulin
onset:1.5-4 hr
peak:4-12 hr
duration: 12-18 hr

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long acting insulin

Glargine, Detemir, Degludoc
Onset:.8-4 hr
peak: no peak
duration: 16-24 hr

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desmopresson

an analog of ADH for Diabetes Insipidus
LOC!!!

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octreotide

Acromegaly med
antagonizes effects of GH
must measure GH levels every 2 weeks until optimal dose is found
risk for gallstones, hyperglycemia and don’t take with renal disease

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calcium gluconate

used after a thyroidectomy to prevent hypocalcemia after surgery

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levothyroxine

for hypothyroidism
must take it regularly and monitor for angina and cardiac
monitor thyroid and adjust along the way
if low- lethargy, sleepy, constipation
if high- tremors, tachycardia, irritable, diarrhea

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lugols solution

iodine
used with other anti-thyroid drugs in prep for thyroidectomy or for a crisis
inhibit synthesis if t3 and 4 and blocks release

methimazole

anti-thyroid drug
used in thyrotoxic states but dosent cure. helps achieve the state before surgery
blocks you from getting in and causing a thyroid storm (a surge of thyroid)
contraindicated in pregnancy
causes neuropathy, gi upset, dizziness

propylthiouracil

anti-thyroid drug
same as methimazole
blocks conversion of t3 and t4

corticosteroids

for Addisons
should br taken in the morning with food
don’t stop abruptly
assess for osteoporosis

mitotane

for cushings syndrome inhibits adrenal function suppress cortisol production can be toxic

anticholinergic nasal spray

ipratropium bromide blocks nasal receptors reducing nasal secretions in colds and rhinitis causes- nasal dryness, nosebleeds, NO systemic effect

antihistamine

cetirizine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, loratadine bind with H1 receptors to block histamine release and relieve symptoms of allergies. dip causes sedation and anticholinergic

antitussives and expectorats

guaifenesin, benzonatate irritates membrane to release mucus causing cough, but can cause drowsiness, gi upset

antiviral

oseltamivir prevent virus from being released and spread to other cells, shorten duration of sickness and reduce complications

oral decongestant

phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine promotes vasocontsriction and reduces congestion causes- everything hyped up, cardio disease, hypertension, diabetes

nasal decongestant spray

oxymetazoline vasoconstriction reducing congestion cont sue for more than 5 days!! can cause addiction

flu vaccine

6 months and up get vaccine, no immunocompromised, pregnancy, egg allergies

amoxicillin

antibiotic for pheumonia can cause candidiasis and rash

azithromycin

for community acquired pneumonia can cause N/V/D, abd pain, infections

penicillin

for pneumonia

pneumococcal vaccine

indicated for those with chronic illness, 65 yo, long term care facility

anticholinergics

ipratropium, tiotropium prevent bronchial muscle tightening, reducing PNS

long-acting anticholinergics

SABA and Ipratropium used to open airways

short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists

albuterol receives acute bronchospasm, produce dilation se- tremors, anx, nausea, tachycardia, palpitations no longer first line

long acting beta adrenergic agonists

formoterol, salmeterol need in a combination with ICS effective for 12 hours can cause heart problems

corticosteroids (inhaled)

fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone for asthma first line agent for attack and management also anti-inflammatory se- bruising, candidiasis, hoarseness, dry cough little se compared to oral steroids

epinephrine

use if nothing else is helping

leukotriene modifiers

montelukast inhibit airway edema, mucus production, etc. blocks release, and bronchodilator does NoT reverse spasms in acute asthma attacks may cause ha, dizziness, go change

methylxanthines

theophylline used for asthma alternate therapy has a very narrow therapeutic window!!!

timilol

topical beta blocker for glaucoma, can be addictive

acetazolamide

decrease the amount of aqueous humor in glaucoma

Isoniazid

for TB SE- peripheral neuritis- inflammation of nerves, tingling and numb, jaundice -give vitamin B to prevent nerves and its the primary meds

Rifampin

TB, hepatotoxicity, decrease birth control and makes secretions orange

Rifabutin

TB makes secretions orange

Ethambutol

TB optic neuritis causes blurry and pain give with food for gi upset

Pyrazinamide

TB give with food for upset