Test 2: Lower Extremity Flashcards
What 3 bones make up the hip bone? (oscoxae)
Ilium, pubis, ischium
Which leg bone has no function in weight bearing or the knee joint?
Fibula
What are the 7 tarsus bones?
-Calcaneus, Talus, Cuboid, Navicular, Medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiform
How many phalanges are there in the foot?
14 (only two in foot)
Where is the sacroiliac articulation?
between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and hip bones
Which ligaments prevent posterior rotation?
Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous syndemoses
What ligament is the strongest in preventing hyperextension of the hip joint and where is it located?
Iliofemoral ligament, anterior
What three movements are allowed in the knee joint?
Gliding, rolling, rotation
What ligaments in the knee joint hold the tibia and femur together?
cruciate ligaments
What prevents hyperextension of the knee joint?
fibular collateral ligament
What is part of the unholy trinity?
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
What are the three main joints of the leg?
Proximal tibiofibular joint, intermediate tibiofibular joint, and distal tibiofibular joint (held together by anterior, posterior and intermediate ligaments)
What are the movements allowed at the ankle joint and what type of joint is it?
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, hinge joint
What bones make up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, 3 cuneiform bones, and 3 medial metatarsals
What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
Calcaneus, cuboid, and 2 lateral metatarsals
Which arch of the foot is more curved and more elastic?
Medial longitudinal arch
What supports the medial arch of the foot?
The spring ligament/ plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
What supports the lateral arch of the foot?
Long and short plantar ligaments
What movements are allowed at the foot joint?
Inversion and eversion
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior: inguinal ligament, lateral: sartorius, medial: Adductor muscles
What goes through the adductor canal and where does it lead?
Femoral artery and vein to the popliteal fossa
What muscles flex the hip joint?
Iliacus and psoas
What muscle extends the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?
abduction and medial rotation
What muscles laterally rotate an extended thigh and abduct a flexed thigh?
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli muscles
What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
Sartorius, iliacus, pectinius, and quadriceps femoris
What muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?
Adductors (longus, brevis, and magnus) and gracilis (also an adductor), and obturator externus
What are the posterior superficial muscles of the leg and foot?
Gastrocnemius and soleus; plantar flexes knee and ankle
What are the posterior deep muscles of the leg and foot?
Popliteus, flexors, and tibialis; flexes toes and inverts foot
What innervates the posterior muscles of the leg/foot (and intrinsic muscles)
Tibial nerve
What are the anterior group of muscles of the leg/foot?
tibialis anterior and extensors
What is the action of the fibularis (lateral group)?
Everts the foot
What innervates the anterior and lateral groups?
Peroneal nerve
What are the branches of the external iliac artery?
Femoral–>popliteal–>anterior and posterior tibial arteries
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
dorsal vein of great toe+dorsal venous arch of the foot=great vein–>femoral vein
What is the course of the small saphenous vein?
dorsal vein of little toe+dorsal venous arch of foot=small vein–> popliteal vein
