Exercise 6 questions Flashcards
If you’re a red blood cell starting at right atrium and ending in left ventricle, what structures do you traverse?
RA–tricuspid valve–RV–pulmonary semilunar valve–pulmonary trunk/artery–lungs–pulmonary veins–LA–mitral valve–LV
What are the components of the pulmonary circulatory system?
Pulmonary trunk, R&L pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, lung venules, pulmonary veins, LA
List functions of cardiovascular system
- transport O2 and nutrients to cells
- transport CO2 and waste to excretory organs
- regulates metabolism, body temp, and volume of body fluids
List different layers of pericardiac sac
- Pericardium/fibrous layer
- parietal layer
- pericardial cavity
- visceral pericardium/epicardium
Name constituents of middle mediastinum
Heart, vena cava, arch of zygos, phrenic nerve, pericardiophrenic vessels, pulmonary artery, roots of lungs, bronchial lymph nodes
Where is the transverse sinus in relation to major vessels at base of heart?
Posterior to pulm trunk and aorta, anterior to sup vena cava and pulm veins
Name heart chambers visible in chest x-ray showing sternocostal surface
RA, RV, LV
Define crista terminalis and sulcus terminalis of heart and state surgical importance
-Crista terminalis: vertical ridge on interior wall of RA separating right auricle
-sulcus terminalis: groove on exterior wall of RA that separates right auricle
surgical significance: where SA node is located
How can you differentiate auricle from atrium of heart?
Musculi pectinati
Name veins that empty into RA
Inferior and Superior Vena cava and coronary sinus
Where is the SA node located? (pacemaker)
Wall of right atrium near crista terminalis
What is the significance of the fossa ovalis and where is it located?
-Remnant of fetal foramen ovalis that passed blood b/n R and L atria; if it remains you get cyanosis; located in interatrial septum
Name anatomical components of right and left AV valves
papillary muscles, chorda tendinae, annulus fibrosus that the cusps attach to
Where are the semilunar valves located and what is their significance?
- Eustachian valve b/n inferior vena cava and RA
- besian valve b/n coronary sinus and RA
- Pulm. semilunar valve b/n RV and pulm trunk
- Aortic semilunar valve b/n LV and aorta
- significance: prevent backflow of blood
Where is AV node found?
septal wall of R atrium
What is the name of the vessel at the base of the heart closest to chest wall?
pulmonary trunk
Name artery that gives rise to ant. descending interventricular artery
Left coronary artery
Name two main branches of R coronary artery
Great coronary artery and transverse artery
What chambers contribute to right margin of heart in chest x ray?
RA
name vessels that connect to LA of heart
4 pulmonary veins from the lungs
Where is great cardiac vein found in heart?
Anterior interventricular groove
What features characterize interior of left ventricle
thicker walls and narrower AV valve than RV
name heart valves making auscultation sound if stethescope is placed on chest wall opposite the… Right 2nd intercostal space next to sternum
Aortic area (aortic semilunar)
name heart valves making auscultation sound if stethescope is placed on chest wall opposite the…Left2nd intercostal space next to sternum
Pulmonic (pulm semilunar valve)
name heart valves making auscultation sound if stethescope is placed on chest wall opposite the…Left 3rd next to sternum
Erb’s point
name heart valves making auscultation sound if stethescope is placed on chest wall opposite the…Left 5th next to sternum
Tricuspid valve
name heart valves making auscultation sound if stethescope is placed on chest wall opposite the…Left 5th at midclavicular line
Bicuspid valve
Describe nerve supply to heart and how does stimulation affect it?
Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses; sympathetics–>tachycardia; parasympathetics–>bradycardia
