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neuropharmacology test 2 > test 2 lec 3 part 2 > Flashcards

test 2 lec 3 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated channels is also under VDKC?

A

Im

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2
Q

what kind of G-protein would increase the level of IP3?

A

Go and Gq because Ip3 is a product of PLC and Go and Gq will increase the activity of PLC

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3
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated channels is LVA and non-inactivating channel?

A

Im

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4
Q

which ion channel uses CaM as calcium sensor?

A

I(AHP)

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5
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated potassium channels are non-inactivating?

A

all of them, Im, Iatp, Iahp, Isahp

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6
Q

what does CaM do for I(AHP)?

A

acts as a Ca2+ sesor

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7
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated k channels are not coltage depended?

A

Iatp, Iahp,Isahp

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8
Q

what is the other name for I(AHP) channels?

A

SK channels

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9
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated k channels is activated by Ca2+

A

Iahp, Isahp

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10
Q

how does I9AHP detect Ca2+ concentration?

A

using CaM

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11
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

what can activate Iahp, and Isahp?

A

Ca2+ (activation of IP3 receptor or ryanodine receptor can activate these channels)

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12
Q

how is CaM bound to I(AHP)?

A

CaM remains constitutively bound to I(AHP) channel, even when there is no Ca2+ bound to CaM.

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13
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

which one of the Metabotropic-gated k channels has the same activator as Id VDKC?

A

Iatp

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14
Q

how high is the affinity of CaM for I(AHP) channels?

A

very high, it is so hight that is does not come unbound even where there is no CaM bound to the CaM. Even in the absent of Ca2+, CaM stays bound to the to the I(AHP).

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15
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

what can block Iatp?

A

ATP in high concentration

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16
Q

what can block SK channels _ IAHP?

A

(SK channels _ IAHP are Apamin sensitive channels) o Apamin is from honeybee venom
Apamin acts like a cork and plugs the pore in the SK channel

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17
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

what can block Iahp and Isahp?

A

Phosphorylation (all neurotransmitters)

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18
Q

where does Apamine binds to?

A

binds at the extracellular phase of SK channels and blocks ion from going out the channel

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19
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

how does Iatp get activated and what does that contribute to?

A

when ATP concentration are low, these channels are active. They contribute to less firing of the cell ( ex: when you get sleepy.)

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20
Q

where does CaM binds to ?

A

CaM binds to intracellular, detecting anywhere form low to high level of Ca2+. The more Ca2+ is present the stronger these channels become

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21
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

is Im sensitive to Ca2+?

A

Im is weakly sensitive to Ca2+

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22
Q

what is Hippocalcin?

A

acts as a Calcium sensor for I(sAHP).

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23
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

what are the receptors that contribute to the activation of Iahp and Isahp?

A

IP3 receptor or ryanodine receptor by releasing more Ca2+ from store

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24
Q

how does I(sAHP) detect Ca2+ ?

A

uses Hippocalcin as calcium sesor

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25
Q

test 2 Lec 3 part 2

what are blockers of Im metabotropic-gated K channel?

A

Linopiridine, ACh and other muscarinic agonists

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26
Q

where can you find Hippocalcin the most in the brain?

A

in the forbrain, Hippocampous, and in pyramidal neuron

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27
Q

what is different comparing Hippocalcin to CaM?

A

Hippocalcin binds to 3 molecule of Ca2+ bur CaM binds to 4 Ca2+

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28
Q

how are I(AHP) and I(sAHP) differ in terms of their Ca2+ sensor?

A

Hippocalcin which is the Ca2+ sesor for I(sAHP) does not stay bound when it does not have Ca2+ bound to it, there has to be all 3 Ca2+ present and und to the hippocalcin in order for it to stay bound. CaM stays bound even without Ca2+ ion bound to it

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29
Q

what is the problem with hippocalcin in terms of research and experiment?

A

hippocalcin does not stay bound to I(sAHP) all the time and that_s shy it is hard to track it doen all the time and that_s why we do not know much about them comparing to I(AHP) which is has CaM bound to it.

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30
Q

what other mechanism can block or activate I(sAHP)?

A

Phosphorylation of these ion channels turns them off, and kinases will increase current flow through them

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31
Q

one reason why is Hippocalcin and I(sAHP are so important to us in terms of research?

A

They are very important in learning and memory, but we don_t know much about them.

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32
Q

what are the some of the CDKC?

A

Im, Ic, Iahp, Isahp

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33
Q

what can activate the Im channels?

A

retigabine

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34
Q

how does Ca2+ bind to Im?

A

Ca2+ can bind directly to Im with out any intermediate protein.

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35
Q

what can block Im?

A

Linopiridine, muscarin

36
Q

which CDKC binds directly to 2 Ca2+ ion?

A

Ic

37
Q

which CDKC channel is FI channel?

A

Ic

38
Q

which CDKC channels are NI channels?

A

Iahp and Isahp

39
Q

what can activate the Ic?

A

Niflumate

40
Q

what can block Ic?

A

charybdotoxin and TEA

41
Q

in which part of AHP does Ic contribute to ?

A

fast AHP

42
Q

in which part of AHP does Iahp contribute to ?

A

medium AHP

43
Q

in which part of AHP does Isahp contribute to ?

A

slow AHP

44
Q

what mechanism can block Iahp and Isahp ?

A

phosphorylation blocks their activity

45
Q

what other blocker can block Iahp?

A

Apamin (bees venom) , Dequalinium

46
Q

what are the Metabotropic effects on CDKCs?

A

by Manipulation we can increase or decrease learning and memory

47
Q

what is Clenbuterol ?

A

it is good agonist for neuroepinephrine receptors (the Beta-receptors). This drug can activate Gs alpha subunit.

48
Q

how does Clenbuterol affect learning and memory?

A

Injected into basal lateral amygdala, reduction in AHP (better learning)-

49
Q

what is the effect of phosphatases on learning?

A

phosphatases are not good for learning because learning is a phosphorylation related process.

50
Q

what kind of G-protein would increase the level of IP3?

A

Go and Gq because Ip3 is a product of PLC and Go and Gq will increase the activity of PLC

51
Q

which ion channel uses CaM as calcium sensor?

A

I(AHP)

52
Q

what does CaM do for I(AHP)?

A

acts as a Ca2+ sesor

53
Q

what is the other name for I(AHP) channels?

A

SK channels

54
Q

how does I9AHP detect Ca2+ concentration?

A

using CaM

55
Q

how is CaM bound to I(AHP)?

A

CaM remains constitutively bound to I(AHP) channel, even when there is no Ca2+ bound to CaM.

56
Q

how high is the affinity of CaM for I(AHP) channels?

A

very high, it is so hight that is does not come unbound even where there is no CaM bound to the CaM. Even in the absent of Ca2+, CaM stays bound to the to the I(AHP).

57
Q

what can block SK channels _ IAHP?

A

(SK channels _ IAHP are Apamin sensitive channels) o Apamin is from honeybee venom
Apamin acts like a cork and plugs the pore in the SK channel

58
Q

where does Apamine binds to?

A

binds at the extracellular phase of SK channels and blocks ion from going out the channel

59
Q

where does CaM binds to ?

A

CaM binds to intracellular, detecting anywhere form low to high level of Ca2+. The more Ca2+ is present the stronger these channels become

60
Q

what is Hippocalcin?

A

acts as a Calcium sensor for I(sAHP).

61
Q

how does I(sAHP) detect Ca2+ ?

A

uses Hippocalcin as calcium sesor

62
Q

where can you find Hippocalcin the most in the brain?

A

in the forbrain, Hippocampous, and in pyramidal neuron

63
Q

what is different comparing Hippocalcin to CaM?

A

Hippocalcin binds to 3 molecule of Ca2+ bur CaM binds to 4 Ca2+

64
Q

how are I(AHP) and I(sAHP) differ in terms of their Ca2+ sensor?

A

Hippocalcin which is the Ca2+ sesor for I(sAHP) does not stay bound when it does not have Ca2+ bound to it, there has to be all 3 Ca2+ present and und to the hippocalcin in order for it to stay bound. CaM stays bound even without Ca2+ ion bound to it

65
Q

what is the problem with hippocalcin in terms of research and experiment?

A

hippocalcin does not stay bound to I(sAHP) all the time and that_s shy it is hard to track it doen all the time and that_s why we do not know much about them comparing to I(AHP) which is has CaM bound to it.

66
Q

what other mechanism can block or activate I(sAHP)?

A

Phosphorylation of these ion channels turns them off, and kinases will increase current flow through them

67
Q

one reason why is Hippocalcin and I(sAHP are so important to us in terms of research?

A

They are very important in learning and memory, but we don_t know much about them.

68
Q

what are the some of the CDKC?

A

Im, Ic, Iahp, Isahp

69
Q

what can activate the Im channels?

A

retigabine

70
Q

how does Ca2+ bind to Im?

A

Ca2+ can bind directly to Im with out any intermediate protein.

71
Q

what can block Im?

A

Linopiridine, muscarin

72
Q

which CDKC binds directly to 2 Ca2+ ion?

A

Ic

73
Q

which CDKC channel is FI channel?

A

Ic

74
Q

which CDKC channels are NI channels?

A

Iahp and Isahp

75
Q

what can activate the Ic?

A

Niflumate

76
Q

what can block Ic?

A

charybdotoxin and TEA

77
Q

in which part of AHP does Ic contribute to ?

A

fast AHP

78
Q

in which part of AHP does Iahp contribute to ?

A

medium AHP

79
Q

in which part of AHP does Isahp contribute to ?

A

slow AHP

80
Q

what mechanism can block Iahp and Isahp ?

A

phosphorylation blocks their activity

81
Q

what other blocker can block Iahp?

A

Apamin (bees venom) , Dequalinium

82
Q

what are the Metabotropic effects on CDKCs?

A

by Manipulation we can increase or decrease learning and memory

83
Q

what is Clenbuterol ?

A

it is good agonist for neuroepinephrine receptors (the Beta-receptors). This drug can activate Gs alpha subunit.

84
Q

how does Clenbuterol affect learning and memory?

A

Injected into basal lateral amygdala, reduction in AHP (better learning)-

85
Q

what is the effect of phosphatases on learning?

A

phosphatases are not good for learning because learning is a phosphorylation related process.

neuropharmacology test 2 (8 decks)

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