Test 2 Infectious Diseases/Eyes&Ears Review Flashcards
What are the stages of infectious disease (give a brief description)
1) Incubation: time from organism first invading the body to first signs/symptoms
2) Prodromal: vague, general symptoms (so if on test she gives symptoms of fever, malaise fatigue then dingdingding it’s prodromal)
3) Illness: most severespecific signs and symptoms
(sometimes people add a stage here called decline)
4) Convalescence: no signs or symptoms
What are 5 typical treatments for children that nurses need to be aware of when treating infectious disease?
- antibiotics 2) antivirals 3) antipruritics 4) fever reduction 5) hydration***** HYDRATION BIGGEST ONE
- so group them into the three major drugs we’ll administer (Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antipruritics)
- and then and then think hot (fever reduction) and cold (hydration)
When a nurse suspects an infectious disease in a patient, what are 4 important things to ask specific to this type of health assessment?
1) recent exposure
2) immunization
3) history of any previous illness
4) symptoms
- think about when they could have been infected and using the others to try and figure out what it’s NOT
Why is infectious disease so different for kids?
- developing immune systems and unhygienic habits
What’s a full septic workup?
it’s a group of tests that children admitted with fever to the hospital get like CBC, cultures from stool/urine/wound/throat, LP (lumbar puncture)
What’s the biggest nursing intervention for managing fever?
hydration!!!, other non-pharmacologic interventions include light-weight clothes, ice packs
What group has a really high mortality rate due to sepsis? when do they get a septic work-up?
neonates have a high mortality rate due to infection/sepsis
- get when fever trends OR with hypothermia and will get IV antibiotics until all cultures come back negative
How is CA-MRSA spread?
contact, droplet, blood, body fluids
What body system is really important to assess in determining MRSA?
integumentary b/c lesions/rashes will appear
What type of infection is ScarletFever?
Group A Strep
What age range does Scarlet Fever typically infect?
less than 18, mostly from 4-8 years of age
How is Scarlet Fever spread?
Droplet
What are the signs/symptoms of scarlet fever?
non-specific: fever, NV, chills, malaise
specific: rash 2-5 days after pharyngitis (so starts with sore throat usually then rash comes out/red tongue); rash is “sunburn-like”
When is scarlet fever no longer contagious?
after 24 hours of antibiotics
What are the complications of scarlet fever?
rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
What type of antibiotic do we usually use for scarlet fever?
Penicillin V unless allergic
What is the vector for cat-scratch disease
bacteria usually found in kitten saliva (though also in grown cats)
What’s the incubation period of cat scrathc disease?
7-12 days
What’s a hallmark sign of cat scratch disease
big pustule on skin with lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) for 5-50 days
just fyi general signs: low grade fever, anorexia, fatigue, headahce, sore throat
what sort of education do we need to provide for cat scratch disease?
how to use standard/contact precaution and prevention education which deals with care of cat bites and flea control
What is another name for whooping cough?
pertussis
For what age group is pertussis very dangerous?
children less than a year, more serious if less than 6 months
What is the incubation period of pertussis?
7-10 days
What are the s/s of pertussis
coughing spells of 1-4 weeks, starts with cold symptoms, a paroxysmal cough where they’re gasping for breath that can cause cyanosis
- secretions, secretions, secretions
What’s the vaccine used for pertussis? When are children required to get it?
Tdap booster
usually have to get it if older than 11, though 7-10 in undervaccinated populations
What precautions do we use for pertussis?
droplet
What are the main concerns for pertussis
airway and secretions/hydration
What are the viral exanthems?
1) Rubeola
2) Rubella
3) Varicella
4) Exanthema Subitum
5) Erythema Infectiosum
6) Mumps
- – remember: these are making a comeback due to people refusing vaccinations
What’s another name for Rubeola
Measles
is Rubeola contagious?
yes HIGHLY b/c spread by cough/sneeze droplets
When is measles contagious?
3-5 days before rush until 4 days after rash
What group is rubeola dangerous for?
can be fatal for
What is a hallmark sign of rubeola? what are other symptoms
Koplik’s spots, tiny spots on roof of mouth
- general: fever, acute rhinitis, cough, conjunctivitis but another sort of specific one is seeing a red rash with large papules
What is another name for Rubella?
German Measles
How is rubella transferred?
1) direct or indirect with droplet, blood, urine, stool
2) also transferred from mom to fetus resulting in miscarriage, fetal death, congenitial malformations
When are you contagious with rubella?
7 days before rash until 7 days post rash
What are the s/s of rubella
lymphadenopathy, rash, mild fever, mild pruritis….so pretty general and somewhat similiar to rubeola
What’s another name for chicken pox
varicella zoster
How is varicella zoster transferred?
highly contagious via *** air-borne and nasopharyngeal secretion, ALSO mother to fetus just like rubella
- any lesions that are un-scabbed are at risk for spreading disease
