Bootcamp Flashcards
what type of question do you never want to ask a child?
A yes or no question
what is HEEADDSS
acronym for obtaining a health history from adolescents
when assessing a child, in what order do you want to do your assessment?
from least invasive to most invasive
when measuring infants up to 2 years of age, how should you measure them? how do you do it after 24 months?
what’s important for infants up to 36 months?
up to 2 years: in recumbent position (laying down)
- lay on pad and mark with pencil
after 24 months: obtain a standing height and weight
up to 36 monthsL obtain a weight and head cirumference on all infants
after you get the height/weight of a child, what do you do with that information?
plot it on a growth chart and compare to age/gender averages; always plot on same growth chat to record growth over a period of time
how
use of skinfold thickness and
what’s a good way to assess fluid status of an infant/toddler
if fontanelles are sunken could be dehydration and if bulging could be fluid overload
where should you assess skin turgor on a small child?
on their belly
how do you check visual acuity of a baby?
distract with a visually stimulating object, check red-reflex and pupil reactions
what is a bit different about the airway of a baby?
breath VERY much through their noses, so nose patency is important
where is the heart in newborns?
right in the middle, at about a year old moves over to the left
where’s the best place to get a pulse in a baby?
the brachial pulse
what shape is baby’s abdomens up until after toddler-hood?
round
what is the hip click test for?
while in utero, the baby’s hip joints can come out of socket and you spread legs apart and back together and listen for a click
what’s huge to screen for in pre-pubescense that’s related to the musculo-skeletal system?
scoliosis
why do you measure the head circumference on a baby, what’s really important to remember when taking the head circumference?
to keep an eye out for abnormal head growth like hydrocephalus; DON’T FORGET TO DO IT TWICE FOR EACH MEASUREMENT!
what’s the gold standard for temp for 2 and under?
rectal temp
how do you take a pulse for children under 2
take the apical pulse
what’s a startles?
a reflex test, make a dropping motion with a baby and it will spread its limbs in a startle
what are the most common drugs to cause AEs in kids?
antibiotics, asthma meds, and analgesics like opiates
why should you be careful using optic medications in infants/children?
- can cause systemic effects
infant’’s/small child’s proportion of body water and fat compare to that of an adult
higher proportion of body water; lower proportion of fat
how to give oral meds to a newborn
- hold in semi-reclining position
- in food possibly
- use oral syringe slowly drip med to right side of mouth
- can use a nipple from a bottle and put syringe in nipple and have them suck
how to give PO meds for a toddler
- sit upright
- mix with small amount of juice/flavoring
- crush and mix with pudding/syrup/ice cream
- press cheeks together until med is swallowed
if infant is going to spit up med, what can you do?
use paper to create wind on nose/blow on their nose (blowing bad b/c of spreading disease), automatic reflex to swallow
which way do you pull the ear for children when administering otic meds?
for children younger than 3 years of age, pull the earlobe down and back; otherwise, if older then up and back
How much fluid per day does a 32 kilo child need?
for the first 10, you add 100 ml/kg
for the second 10 (above 10 and less than 20), add 50ml/kg
after 20, add 20ml/kg
so 1740 ml/day
