Test 2 IDs Flashcards
Treaty of Tordesillas
when: last third of the 15th century (1494)
where: South America
what: agreement between Portugal and Spain that established a line of demarcation in the Western Hemisphere to settle their conflicts in the new world
who: Portuguese and Spanish
how/why: gave Portugal control over Africa, India, and Brazil
Columbian Exchange
when: 15th and 16th centuries
where: between the Americas, Europe and Africa over the Atlantic ocean
what: movement of food, animals, plants, goods, disease, and more between the Americas, Europe, and Africa
who: the Americas, Europe and Africa
how/why: changed lives on both sides of the ocean (economically, health, new technologies, new food…)
Encomienda
when: the 16th century into the 17th century
where: Spanish colonies in the New World and and the Philippines
what: forced labor legalized by the Spanish crown, in which the Spanish take control on the land and the people on it
who: the Spanish Conquistadors and the natives
how/why: allowed for the Spanish to exert power over the natives in order to have free labor
-the eventual decimation of the natives leads to the African slave trade
Mita / Repartimento
when: the 16th century into the 17th century
where: Spanish colonies in the New World and and the Philippines
what: a system similar to the encomienda, but put a limit on the days that natives could work; was supposed to make the practice less brutal on the natives
who: the natives and the Spanish conquistadors
how/why: although it was supposed to make conditions better for the natives, it actually did the opposite because their masters would just work them to death
Gunpowder Plot
when: the first third of the 17th century (1605)
where: the Parliament building in England
what: a group of Catholic extremists including Guy Fawkes tried to fill the basement of Parliament with explosives (barrels of gunpowder), but they get caught and many people are arrested for treason
who: a group of Catholic extremists including Guy Fawkes; King James I and Parliament
how/why: these Catholics did this because they felt that they were being treaty very unfairly with the anti-Catholic legislation under Queen Elizabeth and remained under James
-shows the religious tension within England
Militia Ordinance
when: middle third of the 17th century (1642)
where: England
what: legislation passed by Parliament that gave itself the power over the military
who: Parliament and King Charles I
how/why: This means war— civil war
-formalizes the divide between the two sides and sets the stage for war
“Pride’s Purge”
when: middle third of the 17th century (1648)
where: Parliament
what: the New Model Army sends a guy called “Pride” into Parliament and he drives anybody who does not want to try King Charles I out of Parliament
who: Pride, Parliament, and King Charles I
how/why: it resulted in the rump parliament = 50 person parliament which tries King Charles I for treason and eventually results in his execution
-shows that the civil war did not fix tensions
The Conventicle Act
when: middle third of the 17th century (1664)
where: England
what: says that groups of five or more engaging in “conventicles, or “unauthorized worship” are prohibited; part of the Clarendon Code
who: King Charles II
how/why: punished members of Churches (dissenters) other than the Church of England
-the Clarendon Code demonstrates that while the crown recognized that dissenting churches certainly existed, it was going to try to keep their member from comfortably worshipping
The Glorious Revolution
when: last third of the 17th century
where: England
what: the overthrow of the Catholic King James II and his replacement with Mary and her husband, William III
who: King James II, Mary, and William III
how/why:
-The Immortal Seven:
after the birth of James II’s son who would be a Catholic heir, a group of 7 members from Parliament get William III, who is married to Charles II’s protestant daughter, Mary, to basically invade England and become King, who is married to Charles II’s protestant daughter, Mary
- The English Bill of Rights— First establishment of a Constitutional Monarchy in Britain
- The Toleration Act of 1689- Recognizes all protestants and allows them to worship, although it does not do the same for Catholics
The Fronde
when: middle third of the 17th century (1648/47-52/53)
where: France
what: a series of rebellions against the financial demands of King Louis XIV among the parlements and then more widely among the Prince of Conde and other members of nobility
who: King Louis XIV, parlements, Prince of Conde, nobles
how/why:
- a check on the powers of the King and questioning of the constitutionally of his actions
- King Louis XIV was temporally forced to flee Paris, but will ensure that such a rebellion never occurs again
- influences King Louis XIV’s view of monarchy as a child
Sun King
when: middle third of the 17th century to the first third of the 18th century (1661-1715)
where: France
what: The French state revolved around Louis XIV as the universe revolved around the sun
who: Louis XIV
how/why:
- his reign was characterized by extreme centralization of power within himself
- built the Palace of Versailles
- fully revoked the Edict of Nantes in order to try to create a unified Catholic state
- causes many protestants flee to the Netherlands, England, and the German States
Mercantilism
when: 17th century and early 18th century
where: **
what: economic theory that says that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world, so each state should try to acquire as much of it as possible
who: **
how/why:
- favorable balance of trade: export more than you import
- development of colonies or trading posts is central to this vision
Treaty of Paris (1763)
when: middle third of the 18th century (1763)
where:
- Seven Years War/French and Indian War- Europe and Americas
- French Canada east of the Mississippi
what:
- ends the Seven Years War/French and Indian War: conflict over power of control in Europe and the Americas
- British and French are allied with differing native tribes against one another
-British ultimately win out
and all of French Canada east of the Mississippi would be transferred to the British
who: British, French, and Natives
how/why: France essentially ceases to be a colonial power in North America
Triangle Trade
when: 16th century ***
where: the Americans, Europe, and Africa
what: transatlantic trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa (exports and imports)
- first leg: goods from Europe exchanged for slaves
- middle passage: slaves to the Americas
- third leg: transportation of goods from the Americas to Europe
who: people in the Americas, Europeans, and Africans
how/why: became very important due to the movement of ideas, products, and people`
Zong
when: last third of the 18th century
where: the middle passage
what:
- this ship left an island off the coast of Africa with almost 500 slaves on board, but many of them became sick
- sick slaves = lost profits (will not be able to be sold)
- insurance will not cover slaves lost to sickness; but insurance will cover slaves lost to drowning
- thus, the slaves are thrown overboard alive
who: slave traders and slaves
how/why: shows the inhumane treatment of the slaves and the importance of the profit of the slave trade to slave trader
