Test 2 (Chapter 31)

Question 1

Cotyledons

Answer 1

Seed leaves; first leaves on the plant embryo

Question 2

Monocot

Answer 2

Has one seed leaf (cotyledon), leaf veins parallel, vascular tissue scattered in complex arrangement in stems, floral parts usually in multiples of three, fibrous root system

Question 3

Eudicot

Answer 3

Has two seed leaves (cotyledons), leaf veins branched, vascular tissue usually arranged in rings in stems, floral parts usually in multiples of four or five, taproot usually present

Question 4

Body plan of a flowering plant

Answer 4

Study page 628 in textbook

Question 5

Describe the structure/function of a root

Answer 5

• a root is an organ that anchors a plant in the soil, absorbs and transports minerals and water, and stores carbohydrates
• all the roots of a plant form the root system
• root hairs are a vast number of tiny finger-like projections that increase the root’s surface area

Question 6

Stolons (runners)

Answer 6

• a stem variation
• horizontal stem that grows along the ground
• found on strawberry plants

Question 7

Rhizomes

Answer 7

• a stem variation
• horizontal stems that grow just below the soil surface
• store food and have have buds that an form new plants
• Ginger, irises, some grasses, turmeric

Question 8

Tubers

Answer 8

• a stem variation
• enlarged structures on the ends of rhizomes, specialized for storage
• ex: a potato on the end of a rhizome

Question 9

Bulbs

Answer 9

• a stem variation
• underground shoots containing swollen leaves (scales)
• ex: layers of an onion

Question 10

Tendrils

Answer 10

• a leaf modification
• helps vines cling to structures, such as pea plants, cling to solid structures
• those of grapevines are actually modified stems, not modified leaves

Question 11

Spines

Answer 11

• modified leaves of cacti

Question 12

The three plant tissue systems that make up the plant body

Answer 12

• dermal, vascular, and ground

- Study pages 630-631 in textbook

Question 13

Dermal Tissue System

Answer 13

• Cover/protect plant’s exposed surfaces
• Defense for physical damage/ infectious organisms
• Non-woody; consists of single layer tightly packed cells called epidermis
• Leaves & stems coated in waxy layer (cuticle), prevents water loss

Question 14

Vascular Tissue System

Answer 14

• consists of xylem and phloem
• Pipelines through ground tissue
• Provides support & long distance transport

Question 15

Ground Tissue System

Answer 15

• Bulk of the plant
• tissue that is internal to vascular is pith
• tissue that is external to vascular is cortex
• Photosynthesis, storage, support

Question 16

Vascular bundles

Answer 16

• how the vascular tissue system is arranged in a stem

- varies between eudicot and monocot

Question 17

Simple tissue

Answer 17

• parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma (study these on pages 632-633 in textbook)

Question 18

Complex tissue

Answer 18

• epidermal and vascular tissue

Question 19

Primary growth

Answer 19

• cell division in the apical meristems produces the new cells that enable a plant to lengthen
• study primary growth in root and shoot

Question 20

Secondary growth

Answer 20

• Thickening in regions where primary growth has stopped
• Secondary xylem makes up wood in tree, shrub, or vine
• Thick walls rich in lignin- gives hardness & strength
  Annual rings result from layering of secondary xylem