Test 2 (Chapter 17: Fungi)

Question 1

Fungi

Answer 1

• heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorption
• are important decomposers in ecosystems, the first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus, the distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi, fungi can break down material other than plant material

Question 2

Hyphae

Answer 2

network of threadlike filaments, feeding structures of fungi

Question 3

Mycelium

Answer 3

a mass of hyphae

Question 4

Chitin

Answer 4

cell walls of fungi are made of this; it is a strong, flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide

Question 5

Mycorrhizal fungi (Mycorrhiza)

Answer 5

the symbiosis between fungi and plant roots

Question 6

Chytrids

Answer 6

• only fungi with flagellated spores
• aseptate hyphae composed of haploid cells
• earliest lineage of fungi to diverge
• common in lakes, ponds, and soil

Question 7

Zygomycetes

Answer 7

• characterized by their protective zygosporangium, where zygotes produce haploid spores by meiosis
• aseptate hyphae composed of haploid cells
• fast-growing molds (such as black bread mold and molds that rot produce)

Question 8

Glomeromycetes

Answer 8

• form a distinct type of mycorrhiza in which hyphae invade plant root cells, where they branch into tiny treelike structures known as arbuscules; this fungi then delivers phosphate and other minerals to the plant in exchange for organic nutrients
• about 80% of all plants have symbiotic partnership with this group of fungi
• aseptate hyphae composed of haploid cells

Question 9

Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

Answer 9

• named for saclike structures called asci that produce spores in sexual reproduction
• septate hyphae
• live in a variety of habitats and vary in size

Question 10

Basidiomycetes (club fungi)

Answer 10

• named for their club-shaped, spore-producing structure, called a basidium
• mushrooms, puffballs, or shelf fungi
• many excel at breaking down lignin found in wood, making them good decomposers
• also include destructive plant parasites, rusts and smuts
• septate hyphae

Question 11

lichen

Answer 11

• symbiotic associations of fungi and photosynthetic organisms
• green algae or cyanobacteria held in a mass of fungal hyphae
• photosynthetic cells provide fungus with
  sugar, while fungal partner provides suitable habitat &
  helps absorb water & minerals