Test 2 CardioVascular Flashcards
What is primary hypertension?
Vasoconstriction causes increased peripheral resistance (PVR) which creates hardened, stiff arteries and alters BP control mechanisms
What are 3 of the main risk factors for primary hypertension?
Black males
Smoking
High Cholesterol
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension created by an underlying disease or condition
What are some of the common causes of secondary hypertension?
Coartication of the aorta
Renal artery stenosis
Endocrine disorders like Cushings
Brain tumors/head injuries
What is the formula for BP?
BP=Cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance
What is cardiac output?
Stroke volume x HR
What is systemic vascular resistance?
Viscosity + Diameter
To increase pressure, arterial baroreceptors?
vasoconstrict to decrease CO
To decrease pressure, arterial baroreceptors?
Vasodilate to increase CO
In vascular auto regulation, what occurs to decrease perfusion?
small arteries/arterioles dilate
In vascular auto regulation, what occurs to increase perfusion?
Small arteries/arterioles vasconstrict
What is the effect of renin?
Localized vasoconstriction and decreases blood flow to the kidneys
What is the result of angiotension I + ACE?
This combination creates angiotensin II which is a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone
What is aldosterone?
A hormone that acts on the renal tubules that causes the retention of sodium and water
*note: it also lowers potassium
What is the overall goal of the RAAs system?
It increases BP and fluid
What is considered a normal BP?
Younger than 60: <140/90
Older than 60:<150/90
What is considered an elevated BP?
120-139/80-90
What is considered stage 1 hypertension?
140-159/90-99
What is considered stage 2 hypertension?
> 160/>100
What is considered a HTN crisis?
> 180/>110
What is the diagnosing criteria for hypertension?
2+ readings on two different occasions
What are the labs/diagnostics for hypertension?
Fundoscopic exam (retinopathy)
BMP
Lipid pael
UA
CXR
ECG
How much sodium should a patient with hypertension be eating in a day?
<2,400mg per day
What are some of the RN considerations for hypertension?
Make sure to check BP in both arms (>10mmHg can indicate aortic dissection/peripheral arterial disease)
Assess for orthostatic hypertension
Verify correct BP technique
What are the RN considerations for someone taking a ACE inhibitor?
Angioedema
Dry cough
hyperkalemia
Orthostatic hypotension
