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NURS 723 Med/Surg 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes dehydration?

A

excessive fluid losses
Fluid shifts

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2
Q

What causes fluid volume excess?

A

Decreased fluid losses
Fluid shifts

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3
Q

A 1 kg weight loss or gain equates to what in dehydration assessments?

A

Around 1 liter of fluid

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4
Q

What is the ideal method for rehydrating a dehydrated patient?

A

PO fluids

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5
Q

What are the standard lab values for urine output?

A

0.5mL/kg/hr

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6
Q

What is the standard lab value for Hct?

A

36-49%

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7
Q

What is the standard lab value for urine specific gravity?

A

1.005-1.030

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8
Q

What sodium levels indicate hypoatremia?

A

Sodium <135

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9
Q

What sodium levels indicate hypernatremia?

A

Sodium >145

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10
Q

What is hypovolemic hyponatremia?

A

water volume decreases slightly or remains relatively stable but sodium depletes due to other modalities

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11
Q

What is hypervolemix hyponatremia?

A

Water volume increases while sodium intake is stable, leading to a decreased level of sodium

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12
Q

What types of things can cause a sodium excess?

A

Excessive sodium intake
hypertonic IV fluids
hypertonic enteral feedings without adequate water

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13
Q

What potassium levels indicate hypokalemia?

A

Potassium <3/5%

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14
Q

What potassium levels indicate hyperkalemia?

A

Potassium >5%

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15
Q

What vitamin does calcium require to be absorbed?

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

What calcium levels indicate hypocalcemia?

A

Calcuium <9

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17
Q

What calcium levels indicate hypercalcemia?

A

Calcium >10.5

18
Q

A patient that is exhibiting Trousseau’s sign when the BP is inflated could be suffering from?

A

Hypocalcemia

19
Q

Calcium has an inverse relationship with?

A

phosphate

20
Q

Blood transfusions can cause hypocalcemia. Why is this?

A

The citrate preservatives in blood products bind to calcium

21
Q

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?

A

an overproduction of parathyroid hormone

Other causes include prolonged periods of immobilization, malignancy, or excessive intake of vitamin D or dietary calcium

22
Q

What calcium levels would indicate hypercalcemia?

A

Calcium >10.5

23
Q

______________ levels effect potassium and sodium absorption.

A

Magnesium

24
Q

What magnesium levels indicate hypomagnesmia?

A

Magnesium <1.3 mRq/L

25
Q

What magnesium levels indicate hypermagnesmia?

A

Magnesium >2.1

26
Q

What are the causes of hypomagnesmia?

A

Decreased intake or absorption and increased excretion or drugs such as loop & Thiazide diuretics

27
Q

What are the causes of hypermagnesmia?

A

Main causes are Kidney Failure and excessive intake, but can also be caused by adrenal insufficency and leukemia

28
Q

What phosphate levels indicate hypophosphatemia?

A

Phosphate <1.7

29
Q

What phosphate levels indicate hyperphosphatemia?

A

Phosphate >2.6

30
Q

What are the causes of hypophosphatemia?

A

abnormal shift of phosphate into the cell, decreased absorption of phosphate from GI tract, increased excretion of phosphate by the kidnets

31
Q

Which respiratory disorder is caused by a hyperresponse to a trigger that results in bronchioconstriction and mucousal edema?

A

Asthma

32
Q

An asthma attack can be triggered by what for up to 6 months after contraction?

A

A respiratory infection can trigger an asthma attack for up to 6 months after infection

33
Q

Why do we assess for NSAID use in pts with asthma?

A

The cox inhibition can increase leukotriene production which can precipate an asthma attack because it can increase bronchial edema

34
Q

What is forced expiratory volume?

A

the volume of air than an individual can exhale during a forced breath in t seconds

35
Q

What is Forced Vital Capacity?

A

the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from your lungs after fully inhaling

(a measure of volume in the first second of inhalation)

36
Q

What is peak expiratory flow?

A

the volume of air forcefully expelled from the lungs in one quick exhalation

*A measure of the obstruction/speed at exhalation->taken at multiple times and establishes the patients “personal best”

37
Q

What are the percentages for the “green zone” for peak expiratory flow?

A

80-100%

38
Q

What are the percentages for the “yellow zone” for peak expiratory flow?

A

50-70%

39
Q

What are the percentages for the “red zone” for peak expiratory flow?

A

<40% and is considered a medical emergency

40
Q

Which type of inhaler will an asthma attack be treated with?

A

a SABA not a LABA

41
Q

What are the nursing interventions for a patient experiencing an asthma attack?

A

Apply supplemental O2
Place in high Fowlers
Place on continous cardiac monitoring (for PVCs)
Place on SpO2 monitoring
Administer medication

42
Q

What are the best practice guidelines for

A

NURS 723 Med/Surg 1 (6 decks)

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