Test 2 Botanical "Essential Facts" Flashcards
What part of the plant is used for Devil’s Claw?
Tubers
What is the scientific name for Devil’s Claw?
Harpagophytum Procumbens
What is the active constituent for Devil’s Claw?
Iridoid Glycosides
What are the physiological effects for Devil’s Claw?
Anti inflammatory via COX-2 inhibition
Analgesic
Chondroprotective
What kind of clinical evidence is there for Devil’s Claw?
Osteoarthritis of the spine, hip, and knee.
Chronic non-specific LBP.
Acute exacerbations of chronic non-specific LBP.
What are the extraction and standardization criteria for effective preparations of Devil’s Claw?
Crude powder herb, extract using 60% of ethanol or water. Harpagoside content varies from <30 mg to 100 mg/day.
Aqueous has most concentration for harpagoside.
What are the contraindications/precautions for Devil’s Claw?
Interaction with anti-coagulants.
Exacerbation of peptic ulcer.
What’s the scientific name for Willow Bark?
Salix Alba
What part of the plant is used for Willow Bark?
Bark (hopefully that was kinda obvious)
What is the active constituent for Willow Bark?
Salicylates
What are the physiological effects of Willow Bark?
Anti-inflammatory via COX-2 inhibition.
Analgesic.
Fever reducing.
What is the clinical evidence for Willow Bark?
OA and RA.
LBP.
What are the extraction and standardization criteria for effective preparations of Willow Bark?
Need extracts standardized in salicin (40-80 mg salicin).
What are the contraindications/precautions for Willow Bark?
Additive affects when combined with anti-coagulant meds.
Risk of Reye’s Syndrome.
Similar cautions for aspirin.
What is the scientific name for Capsaicin?
Capsicum annum or Frutescenes
What part of the plant is used for Capsaicin?
Fruit (hot pepper)
What is the active constituent for capsaicin?
Capsaicinoids
What are the physiological effects of capsaicin?
Desensitizes sensory neurons (releases substance P).
Anti-inflammatory effect.
What is the clinical evidence for Capsaicin?
Arthritis.
Small effects on fibromyalgia and chronic neck pain.
Headaches.
What are the extraction and standardization criteria for effective preparations of capsaicin?
Creams must contain .025% capsaicin, patches should have quantified capsaicinoid (22 mcg/cm2).
What are the contraindications/precautions for capsaicin?
Wash hands, avoid contact with eyes and open lesions, avoid breathing volatized creams.
What is capsaicin a component of?
Cayenne pepper
What is the scientific name for gingko biloba?
Maidenhair tree (common name)
What part of the plant is used for ginkgo biloba?
Leaf
What are the active constituents for ginkgo biloba?
Flavone glycosides and Terpene lactones.
What are the physiological effects of ginkgo biloba?
Affects neurotransmitter function, blood flow characteristics, and inhibits neuronal damage.
What is the clinical evidence for ginkgo biloba?
Improves cognitive fxn, or decline in healthy populations.
Alzheimer’s dz, age related cognitive decline, and cerebral insufficiency.
Improves intermittent claudication.
What are the extraction and standardization criteria for effective preparations of ginkgo biloba?
Highly concentrated (50:1) extract.
Standardized leaf extract (6% terpene lactones and 24% flavone glycosides).
180-240 mg per day in divided doses.
Up to 6 weeks or more for results.
What are the contraindication/precautions for Ginkgo Biloba?
Children under 12.
What are the side effects for gingko biloba?
Transient HA.
Occasional upset GI.
Occasional allergic skin reactions.
