Test 2: ANS

Question 1

Hirschsprung Disease

1. What is it/ why is it caused
2. Epidemiology
3. Diagnosis
4. Treatment

Answer 1

1. Fialure of enteric neuron precursor cells to migrate into wall of developing gut= aganglionic segment. Affected area is CONSTRICTED and proximal area is distended.
2. young>>>>>adults
3. biopsy to confirm (histologically) that there aren’t any enteric ganglion cells
4. Resect aganglionic portion

Question 2

NGF deprivation=

Answer 2

Lack of sympathetic postganglionic neurons (can’t survive without it)

Question 3

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis

Answer 3

deprivation of NGF or it’s receptor.

Question 4

Causalgia (AKA?)

1. How does it happen?
2. Symptoms?
3. treatment
4. pathophysiology?

Answer 4

Complex regional pain syndrome type II

1. partial injury to peripheral nerve==> spontanous burning pain, hypersensitivity, pain triggered by noise or emotions
2. Swelling, reduced temperature, sweating, mottled skin
3. Alleviation of sympoms with sympathectomy or inhibition of sympathetic funciton
4. sympathetic neurons mkae abnormal connections to pain receptors in DRGs.

Question 5

• **Early Sx: **Low BP, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
• **Late Sx: **hypertension, urinary retention, piloerection, sweating, decreased blood flow
• Whats going on?

Answer 5

• Spinal cord injury higher than T6= loss of reticulospinal and hypothalamospinal fibers regulating sympathetic preganglionic neurons in lateral horn.
• Early sx: due to reduced sympathetic activity
• late sx: autonomic dysreflexia= hyperactivity of sympathetic reflexes from denervation.

Question 6

Defect in ______ reflex causes orthostatic hypotension

Answer 6

baroreceptor reflex

Question 7

Why do UTI’s make you wanna pee all the time even when there isn’t anything there?

Answer 7

Afferent neurons sense irritation ==> activate micturition (peeing) reflex. Detrusor contracts= urget to pee even tho bladder is empty.