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Immunohematology - 4444 > Test 2: ABO Blood Group System > Flashcards

Test 2: ABO Blood Group System Flashcards

1
Q

Who do you report to if you break compliance with the FDA?

A

CBER

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2
Q

What are the three main regulatory agencies of Blood Bank?

A

-FDA
-CDC
-AABB

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3
Q

What agency is under the CDC that is who is reported to voluntarily?

These reports do not change regulations (unlike many other countries)

A

NHSN

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4
Q

-Regulatory agency that only does blood bank
-Voluntary accreditation

A

AABB

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5
Q

-standards for BBTS
-CAP, COLA, CLIA, etc

A

AABB

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6
Q

_______ is over AABB but AABB tells them what to do/change.

A

FDA

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7
Q

What does T/S and T/C mean?

A

-type and screen order
-type and cross order

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8
Q

How do you identify a patient?

A

must have TWO independent patient identifiers

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9
Q

What could be used for patient identification?

A

-Name
-DOB
-MRN

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10
Q

What should NEVER be used as a patient identifier?

A

-accession number
-visit/financial number

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11
Q

When should a patient’s sample be labeled?

A

AT THE BEDSIDE (aka immediately after collection)

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12
Q

Should a patient’s sample be labeled before or after collection?

A

after

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13
Q

What else should be included on the patients sample label?

A

Date/Time of collection &
collecting personnel ID

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14
Q

What is different and what is the same for Pink top and purple top tubes?

A

Pink- used for blood bank (plasma)
purple- for hematology (plasma)

they are both EDTA

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15
Q

What is another collection tube that is acceptable for blood bank besides pink top?

A

red- no anticoagulant or preservative, used for serum

(compliment gets activated —> clots)

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16
Q
  • EDTA binds ____ and ____ that inhibits complement activity —> no clotting
A

Calcium, magnesium

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17
Q

Why are pink top tubes preferred for DAT and elutions?

A

Due to lack of fibrin which causes false positives

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18
Q

What should you do if there is a delay in testing?

A

(Check this one). ????

-refrigerate
-greater than 48 hours -remove serum from cells, freeze

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19
Q

When do specimens intended for compatibility testing expire?

A

on the 3rd day at midnight

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20
Q

What is the storage protocol for specimens?

A

Refrigerated until 7 days post transfusion

(keep 10 days total just in case need transfusion or need to test again in the case of patient death (even without transfusion))

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21
Q

What testing is done prior to any blood transfusion? (unless emergent)

A
  1. Type (two tests)
    • Blood type: A, B, AB or O
    • Rh: Positive or Negative
  2. Screen
    • Antibody detection:
      unexpected antibodies
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22
Q

What is Landsteiner’s rule (law)?

A

healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies directed toward the A or B antigen that is absent from their RBCs

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23
Q

ABO antigens are detected in the embryo as early as ___ to __ weeks’ gestation.

Full expression occurs at about ______ years of age.

A

5, 6

2 to 4

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24
Q

ABO antigens can be intrinsic to the RBC membrane or _________ (body fluids)

A

soluble

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25
Newborns’ RBCs have fewer numbers and ________ developed antigens
partially
26
this blood typing test looks for the presence or absence of A and B ANTIGENS
Forward typing
27
this blood typing tests patients serum/plasma for presence or absence of anti-A and anti-B (ANTIBODIES)
reverse typing aka back typing -It is a confirmatory test for the forward blood typing
28
When would a blood typing test must be done by hand?
for hyperlipemic samples if it is greater than 2+ lipemic
29
Blood bank rarely rejects samples due to quality unless contaminated with __________.
IV fluid
30
What is a positive reaction grade for forward typing?
*** 3-4+ = antigen present
31
What is a positive reaction grade for reverse typing?
*** 2-4+ = antibody is present
32
What is added to the test tube for forward typing?
-1 drop of antisera (anti-A or anti-B) -1 drop of cells suspension
33
What is added to the test tube for reverse typing?
-2 drops of serum/plasma -1 drop reagent A1 cell or B cell
34
What is the % of each blood type for the white population?
O: 45% A: 40 B: 11 AB: 4
35
What is the % of each blood type for the black population?
O: 49% A: 27 B: 20 AB: 4
36
What is the % of each blood type for the Asian population?
O: 40% A: 28 B: 27 AB: 5
37
Chromosome ___ – A, B or O (amorph)
9
38
the genetics of blood type exhibits ________ expression. O is the _______
codominant -O being the autosomal recessive trait
39
What does "double dose" refer to?
when the blood genotype is homozygous so there will be more expression of that type
40
variation of antigen expression due to the number of alleles present
dosage
41
Genes at ____ separate loci influence the occurrence and location of ABO antigens: ABO, H, Se
3
42
the gene that encodes the ABO antigen carbohydrates is on what chromosome?
chromosome 9
43
The presence or absence of the ABH antigens on the RBC membrane is controlled by the _____ gene * FUT1 on chromosome 19
H
44
The presence or absence of the ABH antigens in secretions is influenced by the ____ gene * FUT2 on chromosome 19
Se
45
amorph blood type ,meaning no functional gene product is produced from this sequence of DNA
O
46
FUT2 on chromosome 19 -----> ____ gene
Se
47
FUT1 on chromosome 19 ------> _____ gene
H
48
The ____________ chain is a basic precursor structure for several RBC antigens, including A, B, and H
oligosaccharide -Attached to a protein or lipid carrier molecule
49
What is the difference between type 1 and 2 oligosaccharide chains?
Type1: body fluids and secretions (beta1 ---> 3 linkage) Type 2: red blood cells and body fluids and secretions (beta1 ---> 4 linkage)
50
The ____ antigen is the foundation for the A and/or B antigens
H
51
*H antigen: gene product? immunodominant sugar?
L-Fucosyltransferase L-Fucose
52
*A antigen: gene product? immunodominant sugar?
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase N-Acetylgalactosamine
53
*B antigen: gene product? immunodominant sugar?
D-Galactosyltransferase D-Galactose
54
The H gene codes for a _____________ enzyme that transfers the immunodominant sugar, Lfucose, to the terminal sugar of the oligosaccharide chain (Type 2)
glucosyltransferase
55
*** Order of blood types with the most H antigens to the fewest H antigens
O, A2, B, A2B, A1, A1B
56
If you do not have H then ___ and ____ cannot be present.
A, B
57
What is used to distinguish A1 from A2 red cells?
Dolichos biflorus (anti-A1)
58
What does Dolichos biflorus agglutination with? what does it not agglutinate with?
A1 A2
59
Which A type is branched?
A1
60
____% A1 and A1B ____% are A2 and A2B
80 20
61
What is called when the RBCs lack the H antigen (hh)?
Bombay -rare but more common in India
62
The h gene is an ______ and results in little or no production of Lfucosyltransferase
amorph
63
What blood type contains antibodies to H, A, and B?
Bombay
64
Why can type O RBCs not be given to Bombay type?
the H antigen is present only autologous units or rare donor files can be used
65
***What A type is associated with mixed field?
A3 -also B3, but most hospitals do not test for this because it is not prevalent
66
Which A type has the most antigen sites?
A1 (810-1170)
67
What lectin is associated with anti-B?
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
68
What lectin is associated with anti-H?
Ulex europaeus
69
What % of the population are secretors (SeSe or Sese)?
80%
70
What can be done to establish ABO group when serologic testing was difficult?
ABH secretions
71
___ gene needed for ABH soluble antigens to be present in secretions
Se
72
What type of transfusion is required in whole blood transfusions?
-ABO identical unit -low titer group O whole blood
73
what is the universal donor for RBC transfusions? plasma transfusions?
O AB
74
What is the universal recipient for RBC transfusions? Plasma transfusions?
-AB -O (type A in emergent situations)
75
If a recipient is Group A, what can the donor be for... whole blood, red blood cells, and plasma?
Whole blood: A Red blood cells: A, O Plasma: A, AB
76
If a recipient is Group O, what can the donor be for... whole blood, red blood cells, and plasma?
Whole blood: O Red blood cells: O Plasma: O, A, B, AB

Immunohematology - 4444 (17 decks)

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