Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 Domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What Domain is prokaryotic cells a part of?
Bacteria and Archaea
What Domain is Eukaryotic cells a part of?
Eukarya
What are the cell shapes of bacteria?
Bacilli, Cocci, and Spirilla
What are two examples of cyanobacteria?
Oscillatoria and Gloeocapsa
What does the plasma membrane do?
regulates what passes into and out of the cell. Cell to cell recognition, connection and adhesion cell communication.
What does the Nucleus do?
Instruction for protein synthesis and cell reproduction contains genetic information.
What does the Nucleolus do?
Synthesis of RNA and ribosomes assembly.
What does the Ribosomes do?
It is the site of protein synthesis.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Packages protein for export from the cell; forms secretory vesicles.
What do lysosomes do?
Digests worn out organelles and cell debris; digests materials taken up by endocytosis.
What do Micro bodies do?
Isolates particular chemical activities from the rest of the cell?
What does the mitochondria do?
Power plants of the cell: sites of oxidative metabolism.
What does chloroplasts do?
It is the site of photosynthesis.
What does the cytoskeleton do?
It provides structural support; cell movement.
What do flagellas do?
It provides mobility or move fluids over surfaces.
What does the cell wall do?
It provides protection and support.
What does the rough ER do?
It synthesizes protein.
What does the smooth ER do?
It synthesis phospholipids and carbohydrates.
What cells are part of the Eukarya Domain?
Plants, Animals, protists, and Fungi
What are 3 bacterial associations?
Diplo, Strepto, Staphylo
What organelles are found in a plant cell but not animal cells?
cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuole
What organelles are found in animal cells and not in plant cells?
centrioles
What is the study of cells called?
Cytology
What components do both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA
What does the central vacuoles do?
Large membrane sacs involved in storage. (part of the plant cell)
What does chloroplasts do?
It produces photosynthesis.
What do centrioles do?
They help in cell division.
What is bromian movement?
is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collusion with fast- moving molecules in the fluids.
What is passive transport?
Passive transport occurs when no energy is needed to assist the movement of substances across the membrane.
What are the three types of passive transport?
simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Osmosis
What is simple diffusion?
is the movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentrate until all molecules are evenly distributed.
What is facilitated diffusion?
It uses a carrier protein to move larger or charged molecules across the membrane.
What factors affect passive transport?
size, polarity, temperature, and mass
What types of molecules can move through the membrane Via passive transport?
Water, nonpolar small substances, and small gasses,
What is osmosis?
is the diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane due to concentration differences.
Water movement is dependent on what?
the toxicity of the solution.
What is active transport?
Movement across the membrane that requires energy. it needs a carrier protein and a form of ATP.
What are some examples of Active transport?
Sodium- Potassium pump, coupled transport,
What is tonicity?
It tells how much solute (solid) is present in a solution.
What are Hypotonic solutions?
occurs when the solution has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water.
What is a hypertonic solution?
Occurs when there is a higher concentration of solute and a lower concentration of water.
Substances with smaller molecular weight diffuse _____ than substances with higher molecular weight.
Faster
What is a solvent?
It is the solid in a solution example (sugar and Salt)
What is a solute?
Water in a solution.
What are 3 characteristics of the cell membrane?
It has selective permeability, Made mostly of Phospholipids , Also contains protein, cholesterol and carbohydrates.
What is dialysis?
separation of two solutes using a semipermeable membrane.
What is the opening of a bacteria called?
Gullet
