Test 1 Flashcards
How is length/ distance measured?
Meters
How is Volume measured?
Liters
How is mass/ weight measured?
grams
How is temperature measured?
Celcius
How is time measured?
Seconds
Convert 2.5 mm to cm
25 cm
Convert 20 ml to Liters
.02 liters
Convert 55 g to kgs
.055 kilograms
What is the temperature of boiling water?
100 celcius
How do you find the area of a surface?
LxH
What does the Oculus/ eyepiece do?
The lens that is looked through to see the specimen. Usually 10-15x magnification.
What does the Arm do?
It connects the body to the base of the microscope.
Fine adjustment knob
the focus and increase the details of a specimen. In a smaller range.
Coarse adjustment
brings the specimen into grater focus. Usually only used on scanning lens and low power.
Stage
Is the platform where the slide is placed.
Iris diaphragm
adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
Condenser
gather s and focuses the light from the light source onto the specimen.
Light source (illuminator)
Located at the base of the microscope.
What is Depth of Field?
depth of field is measured as the distance from the nearest object plane in focus to the farthest object plane that is simultaneously in focus.
What is field of view?
is the area seen through the microscope lenses. As magnification increases, field of view decreases.
How do you calculate total magnification?
Objective lens X the magnification of the ocular lens (usually 10)
What does parcenter mean?
The object in the center of view will remain in the center when the objective is rotated.
What does Parfocal mean?
If the microscope is in focus with one objective, when the objective is rotated it will remain (mostly) in focus.
When you increase/ decrease contrast you…
Move the condenser to let in more or less light.
What is resolution?
it is the ability to distinguish between two points that are close together.
What is a cross sectional slide?
A traverse cut of a specimen
What is a Longitudinal sectional slide?
A sagittal cut of a specimen.
What is a whole mount slide?
Entire specimen on the slide.
What are the 4 biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What do carbohydrates do?
carbohydrates are a great source for short term energy storage.
What are some examples of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide ( one sugar), Disaccharide (2 sugars) Polysaccharide (many units)
What is the molecular formula for Carbohydrates?
C6 H12 O6
What is long chains of glucose in humans that will be stored in the liver and muscle cells?
Glycogen
What do lipids do?
They are high energy molecules because they are composed of long hydrocarbon chains. ( longer term energy)
Lipids are _______ and ________
Hydrophobic and non-polar
What are the types of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids ( monomers) triglycerides and steroids (poylmer)
What do proteins do?
They transport other molecules, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and control of growth and (they are the building block for almost all structure within our body.
What are enzymes?
They are an important type of protein that speed up chemical reactions within our body.
What are types of Proteins?
amino acids (monmoers) peptides and polypeptides (polymer)
What are nucleic acids?
They are molecules of hereditary and hold the direction for such information as hair color, skin color, height, personalty, and the formula for materials like saliva and insulin.
What are types of nucleic acids?
nucleotide (monomer) DNA and RNA (polymer)
What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer?
Polymers are more that one unit and Monomers are only one unit.
What does hydrophilic mean?
It mixes with or dissolves in water.
What does hydrophobic mean?
It does not mix with water.
Dehydration synthesis
occurs when water is being removed to put monomers together.
Hydrolysis
Occurs when water is added to break up polymers into smaller units. Hydrolysis is the opposite of dehydration.
What are controls?
They provide standards for comparison. Controls are used to validate that the procedure is detecting what is expected.
Positive Control
Contains the variable for which you are testing. It react positively and demonstrates the ability to detect what is expected.
Negative Control
Does not contain the variable for which you are testing. It contains only the solvent and does not react in the test.
What test is used for carbohydrates
Benedict’s test for reducing sugars
What test is used for starch?
Iodine Test
What test is used for Proteins?
Biuret’s test
What is used to test for Lipids?
Grease spot, Sudan IV test
What are the three classes of lipids?
Triglyceride, Phospholipids, sterols and waxes
