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Biology Lab 143 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is length/ distance measured?

A

Meters

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2
Q

How is Volume measured?

A

Liters

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3
Q

How is mass/ weight measured?

A

grams

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4
Q

How is temperature measured?

A

Celcius

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5
Q

How is time measured?

A

Seconds

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6
Q

Convert 2.5 mm to cm

A

25 cm

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7
Q

Convert 20 ml to Liters

A

.02 liters

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8
Q

Convert 55 g to kgs

A

.055 kilograms

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9
Q

What is the temperature of boiling water?

A

100 celcius

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10
Q

How do you find the area of a surface?

A

LxH

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11
Q

What does the Oculus/ eyepiece do?

A

The lens that is looked through to see the specimen. Usually 10-15x magnification.

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12
Q

What does the Arm do?

A

It connects the body to the base of the microscope.

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13
Q

Fine adjustment knob

A

the focus and increase the details of a specimen. In a smaller range.

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14
Q

Coarse adjustment

A

brings the specimen into grater focus. Usually only used on scanning lens and low power.

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15
Q

Stage

A

Is the platform where the slide is placed.

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16
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

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17
Q

Condenser

A

gather s and focuses the light from the light source onto the specimen.

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18
Q

Light source (illuminator)

A

Located at the base of the microscope.

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19
Q

What is Depth of Field?

A

depth of field is measured as the distance from the nearest object plane in focus to the farthest object plane that is simultaneously in focus.

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20
Q

What is field of view?

A

is the area seen through the microscope lenses. As magnification increases, field of view decreases.

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21
Q

How do you calculate total magnification?

A

Objective lens X the magnification of the ocular lens (usually 10)

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22
Q

What does parcenter mean?

A

The object in the center of view will remain in the center when the objective is rotated.

23
Q

What does Parfocal mean?

A

If the microscope is in focus with one objective, when the objective is rotated it will remain (mostly) in focus.

24
Q

When you increase/ decrease contrast you…

A

Move the condenser to let in more or less light.

25
Q

What is resolution?

A

it is the ability to distinguish between two points that are close together.

26
Q

What is a cross sectional slide?

A

A traverse cut of a specimen

27
Q

What is a Longitudinal sectional slide?

A

A sagittal cut of a specimen.

28
Q

What is a whole mount slide?

A

Entire specimen on the slide.

29
Q

What are the 4 biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

30
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

carbohydrates are a great source for short term energy storage.

31
Q

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide ( one sugar), Disaccharide (2 sugars) Polysaccharide (many units)

32
Q

What is the molecular formula for Carbohydrates?

A

C6 H12 O6

33
Q

What is long chains of glucose in humans that will be stored in the liver and muscle cells?

A

Glycogen

34
Q

What do lipids do?

A

They are high energy molecules because they are composed of long hydrocarbon chains. ( longer term energy)

35
Q

Lipids are _______ and ________

A

Hydrophobic and non-polar

36
Q

What are the types of lipids?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids ( monomers) triglycerides and steroids (poylmer)

37
Q

What do proteins do?

A

They transport other molecules, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and control of growth and (they are the building block for almost all structure within our body.

38
Q

What are enzymes?

A

They are an important type of protein that speed up chemical reactions within our body.

39
Q

What are types of Proteins?

A

amino acids (monmoers) peptides and polypeptides (polymer)

40
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

They are molecules of hereditary and hold the direction for such information as hair color, skin color, height, personalty, and the formula for materials like saliva and insulin.

41
Q

What are types of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotide (monomer) DNA and RNA (polymer)

42
Q

What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer?

A

Polymers are more that one unit and Monomers are only one unit.

43
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

It mixes with or dissolves in water.

44
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

It does not mix with water.

45
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

occurs when water is being removed to put monomers together.

46
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Occurs when water is added to break up polymers into smaller units. Hydrolysis is the opposite of dehydration.

47
Q

What are controls?

A

They provide standards for comparison. Controls are used to validate that the procedure is detecting what is expected.

48
Q

Positive Control

A

Contains the variable for which you are testing. It react positively and demonstrates the ability to detect what is expected.

49
Q

Negative Control

A

Does not contain the variable for which you are testing. It contains only the solvent and does not react in the test.

50
Q

What test is used for carbohydrates

A

Benedict’s test for reducing sugars

51
Q

What test is used for starch?

A

Iodine Test

52
Q

What test is used for Proteins?

A

Biuret’s test

53
Q

What is used to test for Lipids?

A

Grease spot, Sudan IV test

54
Q

What are the three classes of lipids?

A

Triglyceride, Phospholipids, sterols and waxes

Biology Lab 143 (3 decks)

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