Test 2 Flashcards
Community succession
periodic change in the assemblage of species in a Community
who makes up the pioneer community
generalist
true of false generalist change the environment
true
who makes up the intermediate community
- few generalist
- more specialist
true or false specialists in an intermediate community don’t change the environment
false
who makes up the climax Community
specialist
true or false specialists in an climax community don’t change the environment
true
what is it called when an environment gets destroyed and goes back to intermediate Community
secondary succession
what has lead due to the abandoning of Kingdom Protista
supergroups
what supergroup has a groove along 1 side
supergroup Excavata
ex of supergroup Excavata
Euglena
what supergroup is flagellated, photosynthetic, similar chloroplasts
supergroup Archaeplastida
synapomorphy of supergroup archaeplastida
similar chloroplast
ex of supergroup archaeplastida
Volvox
what supergroup has amebae, fungi, slime molds, animals
supergroup Unikonta
synapomorphy of supergroup Unikonta
genetic evidence
synapomorphy of supergroup SAR
dna evidence
hypotheses of generation of multicellularity
STUDY
asymmetry
no plane of symmetry
what kind of symmetry is not designed to move
asymmetry
what symmetry has body parts arranged around a central axis and is designed to move all directions poorly
radial
bilateral symmetry
line divides into equal left and right sides
what kind of symmetry is designed to move forward well
bilateral symmetry
Divides dorsal and ventral
frontal plane
transverse plane
divides into anterior (forward) and posterior (butt)
Divides into left and right
sagittal plane
medial
closer to the midsagital
farther away from midsagital
lateral
distal
farther from where arm attaches
closer to where arm attaches
proximal
endoderm
gastrodermis, mesoglea (non-living)
ectoderm
epidermis
what layers are in diploblastic
endoderm and ectoderm
what layers are in triploblastic
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
no space between gut and body wall
Acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
space between gut and body wall not derived from mesoderm
space between gut and body wall is mesodermally derived
coelomat
advantages of a coelom
- surface area internal organs
- room for stored energy
- room for consumed items
- hydrostatic skeleton
- room for evolutionary “tinkering”
- increase in overall body size
paraphyletic group
not all extant forms but includes common ancestor
Plesiomorphy
ancestral characteristics
syplesiomorphy
shared ancestoral characteristic
apomorphy
derived characteristics (new)
synapomorphy
shared derived characteristic
what animals are in phylum Porifera
sponges
is phylum Porifera protostome or Deuterostome?
protostome
is phylum Porifera diploblastic or triploblastic?
diploblastic
what kind of digestive tract does phylum Porifera have
- no digestive tract
- filter/suspension feeding
true or false: if surface area of filter increases so does filter rate
true
what is special about phylum Porifera no respiratory structures
all cells have access to water
does phylum Porifera have excretory structures
no
what is phylum Porifera endoskeleton made of
spongin and spicules
what kind of symmetry does phylum Porifera have
asymmetry
what level of body organization does phylum Porifera have
cellular
does phylum Porifera have a nervous system
no
does phylum Porifera have a circulatory system
no
what are the 3 sponge types
- ascon
- sycon
- leucon
what kind of animals are in phylum cnidaria
jellies, hydras, and sea anenamies
is phylum cnidaria protostome or Deuterostome?
protostome
is phylum cnidaria diploblastic or triploblastic?
diploblastic
what kind of digestive tract does phylum cnidaria have
- incomplete digestive tract
- filter/suspension feeding
- mouth –> pharynx —-> gastrovascular cavity
- lack a series of specialized organs
phylum cnidaria respiratory structures
no specialized respiratory structures
does phylum cnidaria have excretory structures
no
true or false phylum cnidaria does not have a hydrostatic skeleton
false
what kind of symmetry does phylum cnidaria have
radial symmetry
what level of body organization does phylum cnidaria have
tissue
true or false phylum cnidaria does have a nerve network
true
does phylum cnidaria have a circulatory system
no
phylum cnidaria uses cnidocytes for
feeding and protection
nematocyst
stinger
cnidocil
trigger
barbs
retain prey
how does phylum cnidaria reproduce
- asexual: budding and fragmentation
- sexual
phylum cnidaria 2 body types
medusa and polyp
synapomorphy in class hydrozoa
endodermally derived gonads
what animals are in class anthozoa
anemones and corals
synapomorphy in class anthozoa
endodermally derived gonads
what animals are in class Scyphozoa
jellies
is phylum Platyhelminthes protostome or Deuterostome?
protostomes
is phylum Platyhelminthes diploblastic or triploblastic?
triploblastic: acoelomate
what kind of digestive tract does phylum Platyhelminthes have
incomplete *
- except Cestoda
phylum Platyhelminthes respiratory structures
no specialized respiratory structures
what does phylum platyhelminthes use as a flushing mechanism
flame cells
true or false phylum platyhelminthes does have a hydrostatic skeleton
true
what kind of symmetry does phylum Platyhelminthes have
bilateral
collection of sensory neurons at anterior ends
cephalization
true or false phylum plathelminthes does not have a nerve network and ganglia
false
does phylum plathelminthes have a circulatory system
no
what phylum is dorsoventrally flattened
phylum plathelminthes
is phylum plathelminthes monoecious or dioecious
monoecious
what animals make up class Turbellaria
flatworms
where do flatworms live
freshwater
marine
terrestrial
what are the 3 muscle layers in flatworms
circular muscle
longitudinal muscles
dorsoventral muscles
what do flatworms use for senses
ocelli
auricles
Generalized mechanoreception
how do flat worms reproduce
fragmentation or sexual reproduction
what animals make up class Trematoda
flukes
true or false flukes are not parasitic
false
function of glycocalyx
- diffusion
- protection
what animals make up class Cestoda
tapeworms
where do tapeworms live
in small intestines of mammals
left off in green notebook
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