Test 1 Flashcards
true or false: all animals eat
false
true or false: all animals move
false
true or false: all animals are big
false
Put Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Species H. sapiens, Order Primates, Genus Homo, and Family Hominidae in order
- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Mammalia
- Order Primates
- Family Hominidae
- Genus Homo
- Species H. sapiens
what is binomial nomenclature
uses genus name and specific epithet
is mitosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction
asexual
is clonal related to asexual or sexual reproduction
asexual
is no mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction
asexual
is no energy wasted on unused gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
asexual
is meiosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction
sexual
is gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
sexual
is genetic variation related to asexual or sexual reproduction
sexual
is a mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction
sexual
is energy wasted on used gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
sexual
how many path are there for embryology
5
what are the stages for the non-chordate path
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- blastula
- gastrula
- organ differentiation
what is a morula
solid ball of cells
what is a blastula
hollow ball of cells
what kind of yolk goes with holoblastic cleavage
low and high yolk
holoblastic cleavage (low yolk)
blastomeres are completely divided and are equal in size
blastomeres
any cells in an embryo
what kind of yolk goes with meroblastic cleavage
huge yolk
holoblastic cleavage high yolk
blastomeres are completely divided and unequal in size
meroblastic cleavage
blastomeres are not completely divided
what are the 3 germ layers
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
what are the 3 germ layers called when are all together
triploblastic
what is it called when endoderm and ectoderm are together
diploblastic
outer covering of the animal
ectoderm
inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract
endoderm
everything besides the outer covering of the animal and the inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract
mesoderm
protostome
blastopore becomes mouth
blastopore becomes anus
deuterostome
stages for the primitive chordate path
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- blastula
- gastrula
- neural groove
- neural tube
- organ differentiation
stages for the amphibian path
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- blastula
- gastrula
- yolk plug
- neural groove
- neural tube
- organ differentiation
stages for bird and reptile path
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- primitive streak
- neural groove
- neural tube
- organ differentiation
stages for the mammal path
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- Blastocyst
- embryonic plate
- primitive streak
- neural groove
- neural tube
- organ differentiation
Evolution
the change in allele frequencies in a population over time
study of distribution of living things
biogeography
Paleontology
study of fossil records
homologous structures = same embryonic organ, but different functions
comparative anatomy
analogous structures
same function different embryonic organ
what theory did jean Baptiste Lamarck come up with
theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
who believed in artificial selection
Charles darwin
artificial selection
a person selects desirable traits
who wrote a manuscript regarding his observations and published it in Proceedings of the linnean Society
Alfred Russel Wallace
biological species concept
defines species relative to reproduction success
Problems with biological species concept
- extinct specimens
- asexual specimens
- geographically isolated specimens
morphological species concept
- based on morphology
problem with morphological species concept
Populations with high diversity are a problem
no gene flow (genetic isolation)
speciation
premating isolation
prevents parents from mating
allopatric speciation
Geographic isolation
parapatric speciation
Species do have access to other area but not that well adapted
demes
a part of a pop that is adapted for a slightly different environment
sympatric speciation
2 pop have full access to each other but still don’t breed
best suited for the environment have a higher probability of survival and reproduction
natural selection
directional selection
- 1 extreme phenotype is favored
- changes the avg
both extreme phenotypes are favored, average doesn’t change but the frequency of individuals nearest the mean increases
disruptive selection
genetic drift
random chance and sampling error
true or false bigger pop have less of a chance of genetic drift
true
new pop doesn’t accurately represent original pop
founder effect
bottleneck effect
huge reduction in pop size
only a few reproduce
gene flow
movement of alleles among pops
error in copying DNA in the process of gamete creation
mutation
what are the 5 ways to change allele frequencies?
- natural selection
- mate choice/ non random mating
- genetic drift
- gene flow
- mutation
true or false mutation are often not silent
false
punctuated equilibrium
rare large evolutionary events
constant small evolutionary events
gradualism
hardy Weinberg believed that there was no evolution if
- pop is large
- Individuals cannot migrate
- mutation do not exist
- random mating
Survivorship type 1
- survival is likely early in life
- parenting
- few offspring
Survivorship type 2
- survival rates are constant
- moderate parenting
- moderate # of offspring
Survivorship type 3
- survival unlikely early in life
- many offspring
- no parenting
the doubling time decreases as N increases
Exponential growth curve
logistic growth curve
as n approaches k growth rate decreases
for curves that have oscillations of N above and below K what does that tell us
limited resource isn’t always needed
what is the curve called that goes way above k and then has a steep fall
great overshoot of k
density independent k factors
do not increase in intensity or frequency of n approaching K
density dependent k factors
increase in frequency and intensity as n approaches K
in a competition interaction what are they competing for
limited resource
what are the 2 outcomes of a competition interaction
- local extinction
2. resource partitioning (sharing)
what does resource partitioning lead to
Ecological niche
Competition that occurs among individuals of the same species
intraspecific comp
competition that occurs among individuals of different species
interspecific comp
interaction that involves one eating the other
predator/prey
symbiosis interaction
an extended , intimate relationship between organisms of different species
one symbiont benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
parasitism
one symbiont benefits and the other is not affected
commensalism
both symbionts benefit
mutualism
camouflage -interaction avoidance
don’t get seen
what type of camouflage adopts a pattern that helps you blend in
cryptic coloration
countershading -interaction avoidance
top is dark, under is light
aposematic coloration
reminds that animal of a previous bad experience
