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Zoology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: all animals eat

A

false

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2
Q

true or false: all animals move

A

false

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3
Q

true or false: all animals are big

A

false

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4
Q

Put Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Species H. sapiens, Order Primates, Genus Homo, and Family Hominidae in order

A
  1. Kingdom Animalia
  2. Phylum Chordata
  3. Class Mammalia
  4. Order Primates
  5. Family Hominidae
  6. Genus Homo
  7. Species H. sapiens
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5
Q

what is binomial nomenclature

A

uses genus name and specific epithet

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6
Q

is mitosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

asexual

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7
Q

is clonal related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

asexual

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8
Q

is no mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

asexual

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9
Q

is no energy wasted on unused gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

asexual

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10
Q

is meiosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

sexual

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11
Q

is gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

sexual

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12
Q

is genetic variation related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

sexual

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13
Q

is a mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

sexual

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14
Q

is energy wasted on used gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction

A

sexual

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15
Q

how many path are there for embryology

A

5

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16
Q

what are the stages for the non-chordate path

A
  1. zygote goes through mitosis
  2. early cleavage
  3. late cleavage
  4. blastula
  5. gastrula
  6. organ differentiation
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17
Q

what is a morula

A

solid ball of cells

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18
Q

what is a blastula

A

hollow ball of cells

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19
Q

what kind of yolk goes with holoblastic cleavage

A

low and high yolk

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20
Q

holoblastic cleavage (low yolk)

A

blastomeres are completely divided and are equal in size

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21
Q

blastomeres

A

any cells in an embryo

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22
Q

what kind of yolk goes with meroblastic cleavage

A

huge yolk

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23
Q

holoblastic cleavage high yolk

A

blastomeres are completely divided and unequal in size

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24
Q

meroblastic cleavage

A

blastomeres are not completely divided

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25
Q

what are the 3 germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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26
Q

what are the 3 germ layers called when are all together

A

triploblastic

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27
Q

what is it called when endoderm and ectoderm are together

A

diploblastic

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28
Q

outer covering of the animal

A

ectoderm

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29
Q

inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract

A

endoderm

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30
Q

everything besides the outer covering of the animal and the inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract

A

mesoderm

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31
Q

protostome

A

blastopore becomes mouth

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32
Q

blastopore becomes anus

A

deuterostome

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33
Q

stages for the primitive chordate path

A
  1. zygote goes through mitosis
  2. early cleavage
  3. late cleavage
  4. blastula
  5. gastrula
  6. neural groove
  7. neural tube
  8. organ differentiation
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34
Q

stages for the amphibian path

A
  1. zygote goes through mitosis
  2. early cleavage
  3. late cleavage
  4. blastula
  5. gastrula
  6. yolk plug
  7. neural groove
  8. neural tube
  9. organ differentiation
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35
Q

stages for bird and reptile path

A
  1. zygote goes through mitosis
  2. early cleavage
  3. late cleavage
  4. primitive streak
  5. neural groove
  6. neural tube
  7. organ differentiation
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36
Q

stages for the mammal path

A
  1. zygote goes through mitosis
  2. early cleavage
  3. late cleavage
  4. Blastocyst
  5. embryonic plate
  6. primitive streak
  7. neural groove
  8. neural tube
  9. organ differentiation
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37
Q

Evolution

A

the change in allele frequencies in a population over time

38
Q

study of distribution of living things

A

biogeography

39
Q

Paleontology

A

study of fossil records

40
Q

homologous structures = same embryonic organ, but different functions

A

comparative anatomy

41
Q

analogous structures

A

same function different embryonic organ

42
Q

what theory did jean Baptiste Lamarck come up with

A

theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

43
Q

who believed in artificial selection

A

Charles darwin

44
Q

artificial selection

A

a person selects desirable traits

45
Q

who wrote a manuscript regarding his observations and published it in Proceedings of the linnean Society

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

46
Q

biological species concept

A

defines species relative to reproduction success

47
Q

Problems with biological species concept

A
  1. extinct specimens
  2. asexual specimens
  3. geographically isolated specimens
48
Q

morphological species concept

A
  • based on morphology
49
Q

problem with morphological species concept

A

Populations with high diversity are a problem

50
Q

no gene flow (genetic isolation)

A

speciation

51
Q

premating isolation

A

prevents parents from mating

52
Q

allopatric speciation

A

Geographic isolation

53
Q

parapatric speciation

A

Species do have access to other area but not that well adapted

54
Q

demes

A

a part of a pop that is adapted for a slightly different environment

55
Q

sympatric speciation

A

2 pop have full access to each other but still don’t breed

56
Q

best suited for the environment have a higher probability of survival and reproduction

A

natural selection

57
Q

directional selection

A
  • 1 extreme phenotype is favored

- changes the avg

58
Q

both extreme phenotypes are favored, average doesn’t change but the frequency of individuals nearest the mean increases

A

disruptive selection

59
Q

genetic drift

A

random chance and sampling error

60
Q

true or false bigger pop have less of a chance of genetic drift

A

true

61
Q

new pop doesn’t accurately represent original pop

A

founder effect

62
Q

bottleneck effect

A

huge reduction in pop size

only a few reproduce

63
Q

gene flow

A

movement of alleles among pops

64
Q

error in copying DNA in the process of gamete creation

A

mutation

65
Q

what are the 5 ways to change allele frequencies?

A
  1. natural selection
  2. mate choice/ non random mating
  3. genetic drift
  4. gene flow
  5. mutation
66
Q

true or false mutation are often not silent

A

false

67
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

rare large evolutionary events

68
Q

constant small evolutionary events

A

gradualism

69
Q

hardy Weinberg believed that there was no evolution if

A
  1. pop is large
  2. Individuals cannot migrate
  3. mutation do not exist
  4. random mating
70
Q

Survivorship type 1

A
  • survival is likely early in life
  • parenting
  • few offspring
71
Q

Survivorship type 2

A
  • survival rates are constant
  • moderate parenting
  • moderate # of offspring
72
Q

Survivorship type 3

A
  • survival unlikely early in life
  • many offspring
  • no parenting
73
Q

the doubling time decreases as N increases

A

Exponential growth curve

74
Q

logistic growth curve

A

as n approaches k growth rate decreases

75
Q

for curves that have oscillations of N above and below K what does that tell us

A

limited resource isn’t always needed

76
Q

what is the curve called that goes way above k and then has a steep fall

A

great overshoot of k

77
Q

density independent k factors

A

do not increase in intensity or frequency of n approaching K

78
Q

density dependent k factors

A

increase in frequency and intensity as n approaches K

79
Q

in a competition interaction what are they competing for

A

limited resource

80
Q

what are the 2 outcomes of a competition interaction

A
  1. local extinction

2. resource partitioning (sharing)

81
Q

what does resource partitioning lead to

A

Ecological niche

82
Q

Competition that occurs among individuals of the same species

A

intraspecific comp

83
Q

competition that occurs among individuals of different species

A

interspecific comp

84
Q

interaction that involves one eating the other

A

predator/prey

85
Q

symbiosis interaction

A

an extended , intimate relationship between organisms of different species

86
Q

one symbiont benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)

A

parasitism

87
Q

one symbiont benefits and the other is not affected

A

commensalism

88
Q

both symbionts benefit

A

mutualism

89
Q

camouflage -interaction avoidance

A

don’t get seen

90
Q

what type of camouflage adopts a pattern that helps you blend in

A

cryptic coloration

91
Q

countershading -interaction avoidance

A

top is dark, under is light

92
Q

aposematic coloration

A

reminds that animal of a previous bad experience

Zoology (4 decks)

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