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Spinal Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the Posterior Longitudinal ligament?
    A. Is a downward continuation of the tectorial membrane
A

True- The posterior longitudinal ligament begins behind the body of C2, the Axis, as the continuation of the tectorial membrane and ends behind the coccyx as the deep sacrococcygeal ligament

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the Posterior Longitudinal ligament?
    B. It adheres to the posterior aspects of vertebral bodies and IV discs.
A

True- The PLL does strongly attached to the posterior aspect of all vertebral bodies but the Atlas, as well as to the posterior aspect of all IV discs.

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the Posterior Longitudinal ligament?
    C. Is located at the posterior aspect of the spinal canal.
A

False- Since the spinal canal is located behind the bodies of the vertebrae, and the PLL is attached to the posterior aspects of vertebral bodies, therefore, the PLL is making part of the anterior wall of the spinal canal and not posterior

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the Posterior Longitudinal ligament?
    D. At the end of the Spine, it continues as the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
A

*True- The PLL caudally at the sacrococcygeal area of the vertebral column, or at the sacral hiatus, is called deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament.

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of the Posterior Longitudinal ligament?
    E. Limits flexion at cervical and lumbar spine
A

True- The PLL is tightly attached to the posterior aspect of vertebral bodies of the spine. Flexion, the forward bending of the spine occurs at each functional unit (each two adjacent vertebrae and IV disc in between). Also because of the very limited stretching nature of this ligament. In light of the above facts, the PLL does limit flexion at all movable levels of the spine.

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6
Q
  1. The semispinalis group is characterized by all of the following Except:
    A. Generally originate from the transverse processes of the vertebrae
A

*True- All three levels of the semispinalis group do take their origin from the TPs of the thoracic vertebrae

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7
Q
  1. The semispinalis group is characterized by all of the following Except:
    B. They lie superficial to the spinotransversalis muscle group.
A

False- The semispinalis group lies deep to the spinotransversalis muscle group, not superficial

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8
Q
  1. The semispinalis group is characterized by all of the following Except:
    C. Their fibers pass over more than five vertebrae
A

True- The fibers of the semispinalis muscle group are the longest in their Transversospinalis group of the deep back muscles. They span 5 to 7 vertebrae between their origin and insertion

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9
Q
  1. The semispinalis group is characterized by all of the following Except:
    D. When acting bilaterally, they extend the spine as well as the head
A

True- The semispinalis muscle group is just like the other deep back muscles that extend the spine when contracting at both sides of the column. Since part of the semispinalis (Semispinalis Capitis) extends to the head, therefore, the head is also extends when the semispinalis capitis activated on both sides

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10
Q
  1. The semispinalis group is characterized by all of the following Except:
    E. May not extend the entire length of the vertebral column
A

True- Since there is no semispinalis muscles at the sacral or the lumbar level of the spine, therefore, the semispinalis group does not extend the entire length of the spine.

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11
Q
  1. The suboccipital nerve

A. Is the dorsal ramus of second cervical spinal nerve.

A

False- The Suboccipital nerve is the dorsal ramus of the first cervical spinal nerve

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12
Q
  1. The suboccipital nerve

B. Innervates all related muscles of suboccipital region

A

*True- Suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus) does innervate all four Suboccipital muscles and the highest part of the semispinalis Capitis muscle that covers the above region

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13
Q
  1. The suboccipital nerve

C. Emerges from the inferior aspect of obliquus capitis inferior

A

*False- It emerges superior to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle.

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14
Q
  1. The suboccipital nerve

D Is the ventral ramus of first cervical spinal nerve

A

False- The Suboccipital nerve is the dorsal ramus of the first cervical spinal nerve

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15
Q
  1. The following ligaments attach to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum Except:
    A. Tectorial membrane
A

This ligament does attach to anterior aspect of the foramen magnum

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16
Q
  1. The following ligaments attach to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum Except:
    B. Inferior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament
A

False- It is the superior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament that attaches to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum; where is the inferior band attaches to the body of the Axis.

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17
Q
  1. The following ligaments attach to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum Except:
    C. Apical ligament
A

This ligament also attaches to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum

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18
Q
  1. The following ligaments attach to the anterior rim of the foramen magnum Except:
    D. Alar ligament
A

False- Both Alar ligaments attach to the medial aspects of occipital condyles that are located on the lateral aspect of foramen

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following deep back muscles, when acting on one side of the body, plays a role in rotary movements of the vertebral column:
    A. Intertransversarii
A

False- This muscle group, that extends between the adjacent TPs of the vertebrae, when acting on one side of the spine is going to bend the spine toward its side only

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following deep back muscles, when acting on one side of the body, plays a role in rotary movements of the vertebral column:
    B. Iliocostalis.
A

False- This muscle group that extends between iliac crest and the angles of the ribs to the TPs of middle cervical vertebrae is also going to bend the spine on the side of contraction

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following deep back muscles, when acting on one side of the body, plays a role in rotary movements of the vertebral column:
    C. Spinalis
A

False- This muscle group, that extends between the spinous processes of the vertebrae, is also going to either extend or bend the spine on the side of contraction

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22
Q
  1. Which of the following deep back muscles, when acting on one side of the body, plays a role in rotary movements of the vertebral column:
    D. Multifidus
A

True- This muscle group, that generally extends between the TPs of the vertebrae to the spinous processes above, will not only extends, but also will rotates the spine toward the opposite side of contraction.

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23
Q
  1. Which of the following deep back muscles, when acting on one side of the body, plays a role in rotary movements of the vertebral column:
    E. Longissimus
A

False- This muscle group, that is part of the Erector Spinae, acts like the iliocostalis group, that is mostly bending the spine on the side of contraction

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments when acting on both sides limit contralateral head rotation
    A. Anterior atlantoaxial ligament
A

False- This ligament has nothing to do with the head because is located between the atlas and the axis

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments when acting on both sides limit contralateral head rotation
    B. Accessory part of tectorial membrane
A

False- This ligament also has nothing to do with respect to the head because is located between the atlas and the axis too

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments when acting on both sides limit contralateral head rotation
    C. Alar ligament
A

True- This tough ligament that extends between both sides of the Dens of the axis and the medial aspect of occipital condyles does limit contralateral rotation of the head

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27
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments when acting on both sides limit contralateral head rotation
    D. Apical ligament
A

. *False- This ligament connects the tip of the Dens to the anterior aspect of foramen magnum that has nothing to do with head rotation.

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28
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments when acting on both sides limit contralateral head rotation
    E. Anterior longitudinal ligament
A

False- This ligament that is located in front of the spine, it is too narrow at the top to limit head rotation

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29
Q
  1. The trapezius muscle (either its parts or the muscle as a whole):
    A. Functions in superior rotation of the scapulae
A

True- Both the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius acting together will rotate the scapula superiorly. This rotation occurs when abducting the arm toward the head

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30
Q
  1. The trapezius muscle (either its parts or the muscle as a whole):
    B. Derives its innervation from the upper five cervical segments
A

True- The trapezius does receive its innervation from the upper 5 cervical segments of the spine, the Spinal Accessory nerve.

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31
Q
  1. The trapezius muscle (either its parts or the muscle as a whole):
    C. Is classified among the superficial muscles of the back.
A

True- The trapezius is among the 5 superficial muscles of the back that belong to shoulder girdle

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32
Q
  1. The trapezius muscle (either its parts or the muscle as a whole):
    D. Functions in elevation, retraction and depression of the shoulder.
A

*True- The three parts of the trapezius when acting separately, the upper part would elevates, the middle part would retracts, and the lower part would depresses the shoulder

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33
Q
  1. All the following describe the supraspinous ligament Except:
    A. Is the upward continuation of the ligamentum nuchae
A

*False- The supraspinous ligament is the downward continuation of the nuchal ligament and not the upward …

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34
Q
  1. All the following describe the supraspinous ligament Except:
    B. Is a continuous band that runs from C7 to the sacrum
A

*True- The supraspinous ligament does extend between C7 spinous process to the sacrum and beyond.

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35
Q
  1. All the following describe the supraspinous ligament Except:
    C. Collagen fibers and fibroblasts are among its constituents
A

*True- All ligaments have collagen fibers and the cells that produce the fibers among their constituents

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36
Q
  1. All the following describe the supraspinous ligament Except:
    D. It limits flexion at thoracic spine.
A

*True- Since the supraspinous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes together and the ligament itself is very limited in stretching, therefore, it limits flexion at all levels of the spine

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37
Q
  1. All the following describe the supraspinous ligament Except:
    E. It is located posterior to the Interspinous ligaments.
A

*True- The interspinous ligaments are located in front and between the spinous processes of the vertebrae, while the supraspinous ligament is located at the tips of the spinous processes and behind the interspinous ligaments

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38
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not true of the deep back muscles:
    A. Nearly all of them are innervated by the dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves
A

True

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39
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not true of the deep back muscles:
    B. Those of the transversospinal group arise laterally and insert along the midline
A

True

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40
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not true of the deep back muscles:
    C. At the level of the thorax, those of the erector spinae group lie immediately deep to the thoracolumbar fascia
A

True

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41
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not true of the deep back muscles:
    D. Those in the splenius group, when acting only on one side of the body, rotate the head to the opposite side
A

False- Only the Splenius Cervicis can rotate the head to the same side as well as extention, but the Spleius Capitus which only extends and flexes cannot rotate the head.

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42
Q
  1. Which of the following is Not true of the deep back muscles:
    E. Those of the erector spinae group typically arise approximately at the same distance from the midline as they insert
A

True

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43
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
    A. Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
A

This ligament extends between the anterior aspect of the sacrum and the coccyx, while the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is the posterior aspect of the SacroIliac Joint. Therefore, the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is not related to the above ligament at all.

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44
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
    B. Long posterior sacroiliac ligament
A

This ligament is located dorsally and separated from the interosseous sacroiliac ligament by the Short posterior sacroiliac ligament.

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45
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
    C. Anterior sacroiliac ligament
A

*This ligament extends between the anterior aspect of the sacrum and the iliac fossa, just in front of the synovial part of the SacroIliac Joint. Therefore, it is separated from the interosseous sacroiliac ligament by the synovial part of SIJ

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46
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
    D. Short posterior sacroiliac ligament
A

This ligament is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament, because is located just behind it

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47
Q
  1. Which of the following ligaments is closely related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
    E. Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
A

This ligament is located between the distal aspect of the sacrum and the coccyx posteriorly. Knowing the fact that the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is the posterior aspect of the SIJ, Therefore, the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament because of its distance is not related to the interosseous sacroiliac ligament at all.

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48
Q
  1. The ————- is making part of posterior border of the spinal canal
    A. Cruciform ligament
A

False- This ligament is located behind the Dens of the axis. It does not make any border for the spinal canal since the tectorial membrane covers it posteriorly

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49
Q
  1. The ————- is making part of posterior border of the spinal canal
    B. Tectorial membrane
A

False- This membrane making part of the anterior border of the spinal canal at the level of the Atlas and the Axis

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50
Q
  1. The ————- is making part of posterior border of the spinal canal
    C. Ligamentum flavum
A

True- The Ligamentum flavum which is located between the laminae of the vertebrae, along with the laminae and the Z joint capsules making the posterior border of the spinal canal

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51
Q
  1. The ————- is making part of posterior border of the spinal canal
    D. Posterior longitudinal ligament
A

False- The posterior longitudinal ligament which is the downward continuation of the tectorial membrane. It is located behind the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs.
Therefore, is making part of the anterior border of the spinal canal

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52
Q
  1. The ————- is making part of posterior border of the spinal canal
    E. Supraspinous ligament
A

*False- This ligament is located at the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrae and is not related to the spinal canal at all

53
Q
  1. The transverse ligament position is anterior to the tectorial membrane.
    T/F
A

A. True. *It is true that transverse ligament (the horizontal part of the cruciate ligament) is positioned in front of the tectorial membrane

54
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the suboccipital region is Not true:
    A. The boundaries of the suboccipital triangle are formed by the obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior and the rectus capitis posterior major muscles.
A

*True- The above three muscles of the suboccipital region are making the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle.

55
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the suboccipital region is Not true:
    B. The vertebral artery emerges from the transverse foramen of the atlas, and winds medially, deep within the suboccipital triangle
A

*True- This statement with regard to the vertebral artery position in the suboccipital region is also true

56
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the suboccipital region is Not true:
    C. The greater occipital nerve emerges inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior, then reaches the scalp after coursing through and innervating the semispinalis capitis and trapezius muscles
A

False- The above paragraph concerning the course and target innervation of Greater Occipital Nerve (C2 dorsal ramus) is entirely true Except at end of the statement. Although the Greater Occipital Nerve passes through the Trapezius to reach the scalp for cutaneous innervation however, it does not innervate this muscle. And because of this point, answer C is the Not true one.

57
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the suboccipital region is Not true:
    D. Of the four suboccipital muscles, the rectus capitis posterior minor inserts most medially on the skull
A

*True-It is true that the rectus capitis posterior minor is not only the smallest muscle of the region, but also is the most medially located muscle.

58
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the suboccipital region is Not true:
    E. The obliquus capitis inferior muscle arises from the spinous process of C2 and inserts on the transverse process of the atlas
A

True- As stated above the Obliquus Capitis Inferior muscle takes origin from the spinous process of the Axis and inserts on the TP of the Atlas. As you should know, this muscle makes the inferior border of the suboccipital triangle (Chiropractically the most critical region of concern).

59
Q
  1. The most clinically important structure/s of the suboccipital triangle is the suboccipital nerve followed by the greater occipital nerve.
    True
A

False- Vertebral Artery is clinically the most important structure of the suboccipital triangle. The two Vertebral Arteries (one on each side) along with the branches of the Basilar Artery which is made by the union

60
Q
  1. The most clinically important structure/s of the suboccipital triangle is the suboccipital nerve followed by the greater occipital nerve
    False
A

The above statement is false because in suboccipital triangle Vertebral Arteries are clinically the most important and not the suboccipital or the greater occipital nerves.

61
Q
  1. The ———– muscle function is basically extension of the head rather than rotation
    A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
A

True- This muscle because of its location which is on both sides of the mid-line and direction basically helps in Extension of the head rather than rotational movements of the head

62
Q
  1. The ———– muscle function is basically extension of the head rather than rotation
    B. Semispinalis capitis
A

False- This muscle which is one of the Transversospinalis group because of its location and fiber direction basically rotates the head toward the opposite side when activated on one side. Please see Muscle table for origin and insertion of this muscle

63
Q
  1. The ———– muscle function is basically extension of the head rather than rotation
    C. Rectus capitis posterior major
A

False- This muscle which is one of the suboccipital region muscle group because of its location and fiber direction basically rotates the head toward the same side of contraction

64
Q
  1. The ———– muscle function is basically extension of the head rather than rotation
    D. Longissimus capitis
A

False- This muscle which is part of the Erector Spinae group is also because of its location and fiber direction rotates the head toward the same side of contraction

65
Q
  1. The ———– muscle function is basically extension of the head rather than rotation
    E. Splenius capitis
A

*False- This muscle which is one of the two of the Spinotransversalis group is also because of its location and fiber direction rotates the head toward the same side of contraction

66
Q 
The above question I believe is with regard to the function of an individual muscle, in other ward, when any of the above muscles acting on one side of the head.
All of the above muscles however, when contracting on both sides of the head, their rotational movements will be balanced therefore, they will extend the head.
#15
A

.

67
Q
  1. Which of the following structures attach to the intervertebral discs?
    A. Interarticular ligaments
A

True- This ligament does extends between the crest of the rib’s head and the IV disc

68
Q
  1. Which of the following structures attach to the intervertebral discs?
    B. Anterior longitudinal ligament
A

*True- This ligament that extends the entire length of the spine anteriorly not only attaches to the IV discs but also to the anterior aspects of all vertebral bodies

69
Q
  1. Which of the following structures attach to the intervertebral discs?
    C. Psoas major muscle
A

True- One of the points of origin of this muscle is the IV discs of L1-L5.

70
Q
  1. Which of the following structures attach to the intervertebral discs?
    D. Radiate ligaments
A

True- The intermediate (horizontal) part of this ligament that covers the Costocorporeal joint does attach to the IV discs.

71
Q
  1. The nucleus Pulposus:

A. Made of many concentric layers of dense connective tissue

A

*False- The Annulus Fibrosis made that way however, the Nucleus Pulposus is made of fibrogelatinous tissue.

72
Q
  1. The nucleus Pulposus:

B. Is separated from the vertebral bodies by cartilaginous end plate

A

*True- The Nucleus Pulposus is separated from the central parts of adjacent vertebral bodies by a cartilaginous plate called Cartilaginous end plate.

73
Q
  1. The nucleus Pulposus:

C. Is a remnant of the primitive streak

A

*False- The Nucleus Pulposus is a remnant of the Notochord and Not the primitive streak

74
Q
  1. The nucleus Pulposus:

D. Is 60 – 70% water

A

False- The healthy Nucleus Pulposus contain 70-90% water, however, the Annulus Fibrosis contains 60-70% water

75
Q
  1. Both, ligament and aponeurosis are basically having the same histological structures, however opposed to the ligament; aponeurosis has the ability to recoil after being stretched
    True
A

*False- Both ligament and aponeurosis are basically having the same histological structures, that means both are made of Dens Regular Collagenous Connective tissue. Some ligaments having Elastic fibers incorporated in their structure that means this type of ligament has the ability to stretch. However, we do not have any of the aponeurosises, which is a flat type of tendon, with Elastic fibers being incorporated in their structures, therefore, aponeurosis can not stretch.

76
Q
  1. Both, ligament and aponeurosis are basically having the same histological structures, however opposed to the ligament; aponeurosis has the ability to recoil after being stretched
    False
A

The above statement is false because it means that aponeurosis can stretch and recoil but not the ligament. However, as you know now that the vice-versa is correct.

77
Q
  1. Which of the following statements concerning the Sacrospinous ligament is correct?
    A. It connects the ilium to the caudal aspect of the spine
A

*False- This ligament is the long sacroiliac ligament that extends between the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine to the caudal aspect of the spine.

78
Q
  1. Which of the following statements concerning the Sacrospinous ligament is correct?
    B. Runs between posterior superior iliac spine and the sacrum
A

*False- It is the above Long Sacroiliac Ligament that extends between the PSIS and the sacrum

79
Q
  1. Which of the following statements concerning the Sacrospinous ligament is correct?
    C. Is part of the greater sciatic foramen’s boundary
A

*True- The Sacrospinous Ligament is making the inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen.

80
Q
  1. Which of the following statements concerning the Sacrospinous ligament is correct?
    D. Runs in front of the Sacrotuberous ligament.
A

True- The Sacrospinous Ligament is situated in front/anterior to the Sacrotuberous Ligament

81
Q
  1. All of the following terms referred to the Noncontained disc abnormality Except:
    A. Prolapsed disc
A

True- This one of the AKA term for the Noncontained Disc abnormality

82
Q
  1. All of the following terms referred to the Noncontained disc abnormality Except:
    B. Protruded disc
A

*False- This term is an AKA for the Contained Disc abnormality and is not one of the Noncontained one.

83
Q
  1. All of the following terms referred to the Noncontained disc abnormality Except:
    C. Fragmented disc
A

True- This term is also one of the AKA for the Noncontained Disc abnormality

84
Q
  1. All of the following terms referred to the Noncontained disc abnormality Except:
    D. Sequestered disc
A

True- This term is also one of the AKA for the Noncontained Disc abnormality

85
Q
  1. All of the following terms referred to the Noncontained disc abnormality Except:
    E. Ruptured disc
A

True- This term is also one of the AKA for the Noncontained Disc abnormality

86
Q
  1. The following ligaments are associated with rib attachment to the vertebral column Except:
    A. Lateral costotransverse ligament
A

*True- This ligament that supports the Costotransverse joint capsule extends between the posterior aspect of the TP’s tips and the rib’s tubercles.

87
Q
  1. The following ligaments are associated with rib attachment to the vertebral column Except:
    B. Inferior costotransverse ligament
A

False- There is no such ligament associated with the ribs or any thing else.

88
Q
  1. The following ligaments are associated with rib attachment to the vertebral column Except:
    C. Medial costotransverse ligament
A

True- This ligament (AKA Costotransverse Ligament) is located between the transverse processes of the vertebrae and the necks of the ribs

89
Q
  1. The following ligaments are associated with rib attachment to the vertebral column Except:
    D. Radiate ligament
A

True- This ligament that supports the Costocorporeal joint capsule, extends between the base of the rib’ heads and the involved vertebral bodies and IV discs.

90
Q
  1. The following ligaments are associated with rib attachment to the vertebral column Except:
    E. Intraarticular ligament
A

*True- This ligament is one of those that are located inside the joint capsule but being excluded from the synovium. This type of joints is known as intracapsular but extrasynovial ones.
This ligament as you already know extends between the crest of the rib’s head to the IV disc. For your information, the IV discs are considered as part of the vertebral column

91
Q
  1. Muscle function depends on both blood supply and innervation, however, if deprived from its nerve, muscle fibers will soon atrophies and disappear despite continuous blood supply
    True
A

*It is true that muscles can not survive without innervation or blood supply.

92
Q
  1. Muscle function depends on both blood supply and innervation, however, if deprived from its nerve, muscle fibers will soon atrophies and disappear despite continuous blood supply
    False
A

It is true that either one of the above two vital elements of the muscle if being disconnected, the involved muscle would atrophies

93
Q
  1. The ————ligament extends between the atlas and the axis
    A. Tectorial membrane
A

False- This ligament extends between the axis and the occiput

94
Q
  1. The ————ligament extends between the atlas and the axis
    B. Alar ligament
A

False- This ligament also extends between the axis and the occiput.

95
Q
  1. The ————ligament extends between the atlas and the axis
    C. Cruciate ligament
A

*False- This ligament that is made of three parts (transverse, superior longitudinal band and inferior longitudinal band) as a whole is also extending between the axis and the occiput

96
Q
  1. The ————ligament extends between the atlas and the axis
    D. Accessory tectorial ligament
A

*True- this ligament that is located deep to the tectorial membrane is extending between the body of the axis and the medial aspect of the atlas’s lateral mass. There are two of them, one on each side

97
Q
  1. The ————ligament extends between the atlas and the axis
    E. Transverse ligaments
A

*False- This ligament that is part of the cruciate ligament extends between the lateral masses of the atlas to support the joint behind the dens of the axis

98
Q
  1. All of the following muscles are attached to the transverse process of the axis Except:
    A. Levator scapulae
A

*True- Since the origin of Levator Scapulae muscle is from the TPs of the upper four cervical vertebrae therefore, Levator Scapulae does attach to the TP of the axis

99
Q
  1. All of the following muscles are attached to the transverse process of the axis Except:
    B. Splenius cervicis
A

True- Splenius Cervicis inserts into the TPs of the atlas and the axis, therefore, it does attach to the TP of the axis

100
Q
  1. All of the following muscles are attached to the transverse process of the axis Except:
    C. Scalene anterior
A

*False- The origin of Scalene Anterior muscle is from the TPs of C3-C6. Therefore, this muscle is not attached to the TP of the axis.

101
Q
  1. All of the following muscles are attached to the transverse process of the axis Except:
    D. Intertransversarii
A

True- The Intertransversarii muscles are located between the TPs of adjacent vertebrae. In most cases, the highest Intertransversarii cervicis muscle is located between the TPs of the axis and C3

102
Q
  1. All of the following muscles are attached to the transverse process of the axis Except:
    E. Scalene medius
A

`True- Since the origin of the Scalene medius is from the TPs of C2-C7, therefore, this muscle is also attached to the TP of the axis

103
Q
  1. The lateral border of triangle of auscultation is formed by the:
    A. Lateral border of the trapezius
A

False- Lateral border of Trapezius muscle is making the medial border of the above triangle

104
Q
  1. The lateral border of triangle of auscultation is formed by the:
    B. Lateral border of scapulae
A

*False- Lateral border of the Scapula is not related to the above triangle at all.

105
Q
  1. The lateral border of triangle of auscultation is formed by the:
    C. Medial border of latissimus dorsi
A

*False- The medial border of Latissimus dorsi is its origin from the Spinous processes and supraspinous ligament, therefore, medial border of this muscle is not related to the above triangle. The upper border of this muscle however, is making the lower border of the above triangle.

106
Q
  1. The lateral border of triangle of auscultation is formed by the:
    D. Medial border of scapulae
A

*True- It is the lower aspect of medial border of the scapulae that makes the lateral border of triangle of auscultation.

107
Q
  1. The lateral border of triangle of auscultation is formed by the:
    E. Superior border of latissimus dorsi
A

*False- As stated above, the superior/upper border of this muscle is making the lower border of the above triangle

108
Q
  1. One of the criteria in naming the IV discs is referring the IV disc to the vertebra below
    True
A

False- There are two criteria for naming the IV discs: One is referring the IV disc to the vertebra above e.g., C3 IV disc, and the second is referring the IV disc to both vertebrae, the one above and the one below e.g., C3-C4 IV disc which is the same as C3 IV disc above.

109
Q
  1. One of the criteria in naming the IV discs is referring the IV disc to the vertebra below
    False
A

Because the above statement referring the IV disc to the vertebra below instead of the vertebra above.

110
Q
  1. All of the following muscles, when unilaterally contracted, laterally flex and rotate the head to the same side Except:
    A. Rectus capitis posterior major
A

*True- This muscle which is one of the suboccipital region muscles, because of its location and fiber direction can laterally flex and rotate the head toward the same side of contraction

111
Q
  1. All of the following muscles, when unilaterally contracted, laterally flex and rotate the head to the same side Except:
    B. Splenius capitis
A

True- This muscle which is one of the two of the Spinotransversalis group is also because of its location and fiber direction can laterally flex and rotate the head toward the same side of contraction

112
Q
  1. All of the following muscles, when unilaterally contracted, laterally flex and rotate the head to the same side Except:
    C. Semispinalis capitis
A

False- This muscle which is one of the Transversospinalis group because of its location and fiber direction can extend and rotate the head toward the opposite side when activated on one side. Please see Muscle table for origin and insertion of this muscle

113
Q
  1. All of the following muscles, when unilaterally contracted, laterally flex and rotate the head to the same side Except:
    D. Longissimus capitis
A

True- This muscle which is part of the Erector Spinae group is also because of its location and fiber direction can laterally flex and rotate the head toward the same side of contraction

114
Q
  1. The Dorsal Primary Rami innervate all of the following muscles Except:
    A. Levator costorum
A

True- All of the Levator costorum muscles are innervated by the dorsal primary rami

115
Q
  1. The Dorsal Primary Rami innervate all of the following muscles Except:
    B. Intertransversarii, thoracic area
A

True- All of the thoracic Intertransversarii muscles are innervated by the dorsal primary rami. In the Cervical and Lumbar region however, the story of Intertransversarii innervation is different. In the cervical region, only the medial fibers of the posterior group are innervated by the dorsal primary rami. The anterior group along with the lateral aspect of the posterior group all are innervated by the ventral primary rami. In the Lumbar region, only the medial group is innervated by the dorsal primary rami. The lateral group however, is innervated by the ventral primary rami.

116
Q
  1. The Dorsal Primary Rami innervate all of the following muscles Except:
    C. Multifidus, thoracic area.
A

True- Not only in the thoracic region but all Multifidus of other regions of the spine are innervated by the dorsal primary rami.

117
Q
  1. The Dorsal Primary Rami innervate all of the following muscles Except:
    D. Levator scapulae
A

False- Since this muscle has its origin from the Hypaxial part of the Myotome, therefore is innervated by a nerve from ventral primary rami.

118
Q
  1. The Dorsal Primary Rami innervate all of the following muscles Except:
    E. Rotators, thoracic area.
A

True- This group of muscles along with all other Rotators of other regions of the spine, as well as all of the above muscles mentioned in A, B & C since all are derivatives of the Epaxial part of the Myotome, all are innervated by the dorsal primary rami

119
Q
  1. The ———- nerve innervates 3 of the superficial back muscles
    A. Spinal accessory
A

*False- This nerve innervates the Trapezius, which is one of the superficial muscles of the Back, and the Sternocleidomastoid muscle of the Neck

120
Q
  1. The ———- nerve innervates 3 of the superficial back muscles
    B. Thoracodorsal
A

False- This nerve innervates Latissimus dorsi muscle only, which is one of the superficial back muscles

121
Q
  1. The ———- nerve innervates 3 of the superficial back muscles
    C. Dorsal scapular
A

*True- This nerve (C5 off the C5 ventral ramus) innervates the other three superficial muscles of the Back: Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major muscles

122
Q
  1. The ———- nerve innervates 3 of the superficial back muscles
    D. Greater occipital
A

*False- This nerve which is the dorsal ramus of C2 dose not innervate any of the superficial muscles of the Back. However, it innervates some of the suboccipital region muscles such as the Obliquus Capitis Inferior and part of the Semispinalis Capitis.

123
Q
  1. The ———- nerve innervates 3 of the superficial back muscles
    E. Dorsal primary rami
A

*False- Since all the superficial muscles of the Back are Hypaxial derivatives, therefore, they are innervated by nerves off of the ventral primary rami

124
Q
  1. The ———– muscle group is innervated by Ventral Primary Rami.
    A. Transversospinalis
A

*False- This group of deep back muscles is a derivative of the Epaxial part of the Myotome. Therefore, is innervated by the Dorsal Primary Rami

125
Q
  1. The ———– muscle group is innervated by Ventral Primary Rami.
    B. Interspinalis
A

False- This group of back muscles is also a derivative of the Epaxial part of the Myotome. Therefore, is innervated by the Dorsal Primary Ram

126
Q
  1. The ———– muscle group is innervated by Ventral Primary Rami.
    C. Spinotransversalis
A

False- This group of deep back muscles is also a derivative of the Epaxial part of the Myotome. Therefore, is innervated by the Dorsal Primary Rami.

127
Q
  1. The ———– muscle group is innervated by Ventral Primary Rami.
    D. Iliopsoas.
A

True- This group of lateral vertebral muscles is a derivative of the Hypaxial part of the Myotome. Therefore, is innervated by nerves off of Ventral Primary Rami

128
Q
  1. The ———– muscle group is innervated by Ventral Primary Rami.
    E. Sacrospinalis
A

False- This group of deep back muscles is also a derivative of the Epaxial part of the Myotome. Therefore, is innervated by the Dorsal Primary Rami.

Spinal Anatomy (3 decks)

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