Test 2

Question 1

An early form of English Government that divided communities into groups of 10 men who were responsible for the group’s conduct and ensured that a member charged with breaking the law appeared in court.

Answer 1

Frank-pledge System

Question 2

The head of law enforcement for large districts in early England. In the modern Unites States, a constable serves areas such as rural townships and is usually elected.

Answer 2

Constable

Question 3

An early English system overseen by the constable in which a watchman guarded a city’s or town’s gates at night.

Answer 3

Watch-and-Ward System

Question 4

In early England, the alarm that citizens were required to raise upon the witness or discovery of a criminal offense.

Answer 4

Hue and Cry

Question 5

A police organization created circa 1748 by magistrates and brothers Henry Fielding and Sir John Fielding whose members went on patrol, rather than remaining at a designated post.

Answer 5

Bow Street Runners

Question 6

A private police force created by the West India Trading Company in 1798 that represented the first professional, salaried police force in London.

Answer 6

Thames River Police

Question 7

Created in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel, it was the first successful bill to created a permanent, public police force.

Answer 7

Metropolitan Police Act

Question 8

A slang term for the police force created in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel’s Metropolitan Police Act that was derived from the short form of Robert, Bob.

Answer 8

Bobbies

Question 9

Law that established federal government positions would be awarded on the basis of merit rather than political affiliation.

Answer 9

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883

Question 10

The 14 volume report published in 1931 and 1932 which was the first comprehensive national study of U.S. crime and law enforcement.

Answer 10

Wickersham Commission report

Question 11

The main federal law enforcement agency in the United States, which operates under the Department of Justice and deals with domestic crime that crosses state lines, as well as some types of significant crime within the states, such as terrorism.

Answer 11

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Question 12

A nonviolent criminal offense committed during the course of business for financial gain.

Answer 12

White-Collar Crime

Question 13

The federal executive agency that handles all criminal prosecutions and civil suits in which the Untied States has an interest.

Answer 13

Department of Justice

Question 14

The federal executive agency that is responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States.

Answer 14

Department of the Treasury

Question 15

A department of the U.S, government responsible for preventing terrorism and enhancing national security; securing and managing U.S. borders; enforcing and administering U.S. immigration laws; safeguarding and securing U.S. interests on the Internet; and assisting in the federal response to terrorist attacks and natural disasters within the United States.

Answer 15

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Question 16

A mode of policing that emphasizes enforcement of the letter of the law.

Answer 16

Legalistic Style

Question 17

A mode of policing that is concerned primarily with serving the community and citizens.

Answer 17

Service Style

Question 18

A policing strategy that attempts to harness the resources and residents of a given community in stopping crime and maintaining order.

Answer 18

Community Policing

Question 19

A community policing program that encourages residents to cooperate in providing security for the neighborhood.

Answer 19

Neighborhood Watch

Question 20

A style of policing that attempts to address the underlying social problems that contribute to crime by integrating research and scientific problem-solving strategies to analyze instance of crime with the goal of developing more effective response strategies.

Answer 20

Problem-Oriented Policing

Question 21

A form of policing that punishes every infraction of the law, however minor, with an arrest, fine, or other penalty so that offenders will refrain from committing more serious offenses.

Answer 21

Zero-Tolerance Policing

Question 22

The idea that untended property or deviant behavior will attract crime.

Answer 22

Broken-Windows Perspective

Question 23

The power of a criminal justice official to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines.

Answer 23

Discretion

Question 24

A term that refers to the fact that police work is mostly easily observed by the public and that police are accountable to the public, police supervisors, and legislatures.

Answer 24

Visibility

Question 25

The right and the power to commit an act or order others to commit an act.

Answer 25

Authority

Question 26

A temporary detention that legally is a seizure of an individual and must be based on reasonable suspicion.

Answer 26

Stop

Question 27

Law that specifies how the criminal justice system is allowed to deal with those who break the law.

Answer 27

Procedural Law

Question 28

Suspicious of illegal activity based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on actual illegal activity or evidence of illegal activity.

Answer 28

Racial Profiling

Question 29

An investigation of an area and/or person by a police office to look for evidence of criminal activity.

Answer 29

Search

Question 30

A reason based on known facts to think that a laws has been broken or the a property is connected to a criminal offense.

Answer 30

Probable Cause

Question 31

The area under the control of an individual during an arrest in an automobile.

Answer 31

Grabbable Area

Question 32

A suspicious based on facts or circumstances that justifies stopping and sometimes searching an individual thought to be involved in illegal activity.

Answer 32

Reasonable Suspicion

Question 33

The collecting by police officers of potential evidence in a criminal case.

Answer 33

Seizure

Question 34

A term that describe two distinct behaviors on the part of law enforcement officers dealing with suspects. To conduct a lawful frisk, the stop itself must meet the legal conditions of s seizure. A frisk constitutes a search.

Answer 34

Stop-and-Frisk

Question 35

An incident in which police officers physically restrain a person and restrict his or her freedom.

Answer 35

Actual-Seizure Stop

Question 36

An incident in which police show a sign of authority (such as flashing a badge), and the suspect submits.

Answer 36

Show-of-Authority Stop

Question 37

A Supreme Court measure that considers constitutionality on whether a a reasonable person would feel free to terminate an encounter with law enforcement personnel.

Answer 37

Reasonable Stop Standard

Question 38

“The amount of effort required by police to compel compliance from an unwilling subject,” according to the International Association of Chiefs of Police.

Answer 38

Use of Force

Question 39

“The power or force of the county. The entire population of a country above the age of 15, which a sheriff may summon to his assistance in certain cases as to aid him in keeping the peace, in pursuing and arresting felons, etc.”

Answer 39

Posse Comitatus

Question 40

The socially constructed roles, behaviors, actions and characteristics that a society considers appropriated for males and females.

Answer 40

Gender

Question 41

The mindset of police who must deal with danger, authority, isolation and suspicion while appearing to be efficient.

Answer 41

Policeman’s Working Personality

Question 42

The multiple outsider status of women and minority police officers as a result of being treated differently by their fellow officers.

Answer 42

Double Marginality