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What is Gender Identity Disorder
Strong and present cross gender Identification, persistent discomfort with his or her sex
What is Gender Dysphoria
Distress over one’s express gender and assigned gender
Why do people have problems
It depends on your model
What are perspectives used to express events
Models or Paradigmes
What do models influence
What investigators observe, the questions they ask, the information they seek, and how to interpret the information
What are the five ways of understanding models of abnormality
They are numerous, diverse, controversial, subjective, and “everything”
Historically what did clinical scientists emphasize
A single model of abnormality
Today what do scientists emphasize
several models
what is the oldest and most famous psychological model
Psychodynamic Model
Who is the father of Psychodynamic theory and Psychoanalytic therapy
Freud (Freudian Model)
What is the behavior determined by underlying dynamic forces of which he or she is not consciously aware
Psychic Determinism
Who introduced Freud to hysteria
Jaen Charcot
What is hysteria
Physical issues without Physical cause
What is talk therapy
Hypnoses, free association, and dream interpretation
What signified the birthday of psychoanalysis
Freud’s book “Interpretation of Dreams”
How did Freud explain normal and abnormal functioning
The id, the ego, and superego
What is id
sex drive, instinctual needs, guided by the pleasure principle
What is ego
Seeks to gratify id impulses, uses defense mechanisms to protect us from anxiety, guided by reality principle
What is the super ego
Our conscience guided by the morality principle
What is each stage of development of the id, ego, and superego
psycho sexual develop mental stages
what is the psycho sexual stage from 0-18 months
Oral
What is the psycho sexual stage from 18 months-3 years
Anal
What is the psycho sexual stage from 3-5 years of age
Boys: Oedipus, Girls: Electra complex
What is the psycho sexual stage of 5-12 years
Latency
What is the psycho sexual stage of 12-adulthood
Gentile
According to Freud why do you have problems
Fixations and Exaggerated use of defense mechanisms
According to Freud what is a fixation
Stuck Libido
What are the three types of fixations and examples
Oral personality: alcoholic, Anal personality: OCD, Phallic: homosexual male
What are the strengths of the psychodynamic model
Abnormal functioning rooted in same process as normal functioning, selfish view of man, traces of physical systems to non physical causes
What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic model
Subjective, Perverted view of sex, Pre occupied with the past, pre occupied with abnormal, anti-christian
What is the behavioral model
Allegedly scientific response to the subjectivity of the psychodynamic model
What is environmental determinism
Behavior determined by the environment
How do behaviorist explain abnormal functioning
“Conditioning” produces both abnormal and normal behavior
What is classical conditioning
Learning to associate two events occurring close together in time
Who is the father of classical conditioning
Pavlov
Who is the father of American behaviorism
John B. Watson
Who was the father of operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
What is operant conditioning
Behavior based reward on consequences
What are the strengths of the behavioral model
recognizing the importance of the environment, attempts to be scientific, and abdicable to learning
What are the weaknesses of the behavioral model
Denies sinful nature, evolutionary, reductionistic, ignores heredity, denies absolutes, no accountability, faces ultimate logical dilemma
What model views that people are basically good, free to choose, responsible for their choices, have a tendency towards growth
The Humanistic existential model
What model believes that man is basically good, motivated to meet his needs
Humanistic model
How do humanists explain abnormal functioning
Failing to have their needs met
Who popularized the humanistic model
Carl Rogers
What theory believes that psychological disfunction is caused by self deception
Jestalt Theory Existential Psychology
What are the strengths of the humanistic model
moves away from “illness” and focuses on the normal rather than the abnormal
What are the weaknesses of the humanistic model
Assumes people are good, difficult to research, more of a religious view
What model states that abnormal behavior is the result of social and cultural forces
Sociocultural model
What perspective says abnormal behavior is the result of social forces
Multicultural perspective
What model is based on abnormal functioning rooted in thinking
Cognitive Model
