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Abnormal Psychology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

A

Abnormal Psychology

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2
Q

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.

A

Norms

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3
Q

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.

A

Culture

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4
Q

Interferes with daily functioning

A

Dysfunction

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5
Q

Behavior that is consistently careless, hostile, or confused may be placing themselves or those around them at risk.

A

Danger

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6
Q

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. Also called therapy.

A

Treatment

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7
Q

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior.

A

Trephination

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8
Q

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

A

Humors

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9
Q

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons.

A

Asylum

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10
Q

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasizes moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

A

Moral Treatment

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11
Q

State-run public mental institutions in the United States.

A

State Hospitals

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12
Q

The view that abnormal psychology functioning has physical causes.

A

Somatogenic Perspective

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13
Q

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

A

Psychological Perspective

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14
Q

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

A

Psychoanalysis

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15
Q

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.

A

Psychotropic Medications

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16
Q

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

A

Deinstitutionalization

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17
Q

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services.

A

Private Psychotherapy

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18
Q

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they develop.

A

Prevention

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19
Q

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

A

Positive Psychology

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20
Q

The field of psychology that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and similar factors on our behaviors and thoughts, including abnormal behaviors and thoughts.

A

Multicultural Psychology

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21
Q

A system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

A

Managed Care Program

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22
Q

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon.

A

Scientific Method

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23
Q

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems.

A

Case Study

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24
Q

The degree to which events of characteristics vary along with each other.

A

Correlation

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25
Q

A research procedure used to determine how much events, or characteristics vary along with each other.

A

Correlational method

26
Q

A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population.

A

Epidemiological Study

27
Q

A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time.

A

Longitudinal Study

28
Q

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed.

A

Experiment

29
Q

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable.

A

Independent Variable

30
Q

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variables is manipulated.

A

Dependent Variable

31
Q

In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable.

A

Confound

32
Q

In an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed t the independent variable.

A

Control Group

33
Q

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation.

A

Experimental Group

34
Q

A selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly place either in the control group or in the experimental group.

A

Random Assignment

35
Q

An experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition.

A

Blind Design

36
Q

An experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large. Also called a mixed design.

A

Quasi-Experiment

37
Q

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates or independent variable.

A

Natural Experiment

38
Q

An experiment in which the investigator produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts studies on the participants.

A

Analogue Experiment

39
Q

A research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable.

A

Single-Subject Experimental Design

40
Q

An understanding of the behavior of a particular individual.

A

Idiographic Understanding

41
Q

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant.

A

Assessments

42
Q

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual’s score can be measured.

A

Standardization

43
Q

A measure of the consistency of test or research results.

A

Reliability

44
Q

The accuracy of a test’s or study’s results; that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims.

A

Validity

45
Q

A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning.

A

Mental Status Exam

46
Q

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred.

A

Test

47
Q

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people inexpert or respond to.

A

Projective Test

48
Q

A test designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them.

A

Personality Inventory

49
Q

Tests designed to measure a person’s responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive process.

A

Response Inventories

50
Q

A text that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of psychological problems.

A

Psychophysiological Test

51
Q

A test that directly measures brain structure or activity.

A

Neurological Test

52
Q

Neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs. Also called brain scans.

A

Neuroimaging Techniques

53
Q

A test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances.

A

Neuropsychological Test

54
Q

A test design to measure a person’s intellectual ability.

A

Intelligence Test

55
Q

An overall score derived from intelligence tests.

A

Intelligence Quotient

56
Q

A determination that a person’s problems reflect a particular disorder.

A

Diagnosis

57
Q

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together.

A

Syndrome

58
Q

A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnoses.

A

Classification System

59
Q

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

A

DSM-5

60
Q

A movement in the clinical field that seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for each disorder, to develop corresponding treatment guidelines, and to spread such information to clinicians. Also known as evidence-based treatment.

A

Empirically Supported Treatment

61
Q

An effort to identify a set of common strategies that run through the work of all effective therapists.

A

Rapprochement Movement

62
Q

A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications.

A

Psychopharmacologist

Abnormal Psychology (7 decks)

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