Final Exam Flashcards
Keeping things in Perspective
Everything God Created was good
Our problems began with sin
The ultimate solution to our problems is?
The Gospel (Genesis 3:15)
What does Rev. 21:1-4 mention?
One day all will be good again
Does God allow man to discover what is true?
Yes
What is abnormal psychology?
the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
What is abnormal psychology technically referred as?
clinical psychology
The four D’s of psychological abnormality
Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger
different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizzare (deviant from social norms/society’s ideas of proper functioning - ex. drinking gravy vs. coffee)
Deviance (4 D’s)
unpleasant and upsetting to the person (studying, loss exercise)
Distress (4 D’s)
interfering with the person’s ability to conduct activities in a constructive way (cultures have varying definitions of dysfunction. (ex. bungee jumping, martial arts)
Dysfunction (4 D’s)
Posing risk of harm (research suggests that dangerousness is the exception to the rule)
Danger (4 D’s)
Deviations called ‘abnormal are actually just (Thomas Szasz)
problems of living
In ‘72 if you were homosexual you had a mental illness, when did that change?
‘74
Reasons to Classify Abnormal Behavior
- Research
- Communication
- Statistics
What’s wrong with classifying abnormal behavior?
Implies that abnormal behavior is qualitatively different than normal behavior
Abnormal behavior should not be judged qualitatively, but rather –
quantitatively
1952 (every disorder has a numerical code)
First DSM
1968 expands number of disorders; continued psychodynamic emphasis
DSM II
1980 (hifts away from a Freudian emphasis
- Goal was to increase reliability
- Dropped homosexuality; retained ego-dsytonic (gay but don’t like it)
DSM III
1987 minor changes; R means revised
DSM III-R
1994 Terms consistent with WHO, expand categories
DSM IV
2000, Text revision, text about disorders changed
DSM IV-TR
2013 - more orders including hoarding, binge eating, dsiruptive mood dysregulation disorder
DSM V
Criticisms of the DSM
- Practically (diagnostic categories back scientific rigor)
- Philosophically (embraces a medical model view of abnormal behavior)
Psychiatric diagnosis is based on what
behavioral self-report or observation - NOT medical testing
Anxiety Disorders
generalised anxiety disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder
is OCD an anxiety disorder?
No
- excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities
- causes stress/impairment in functioning
Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
3 or more of following: restless, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
Phobia Classifications
Specific Phobia, Agoraphobia
marked fear or anxiety about specific object/situation (flying, etc.)
object almost always provides immediate fear or anxiety
fear of object/situation is excessive and persistent (typically 6 months or more)
causes distress or impairment in functioning
Specific Phobia
agoraphobia symptoms
2 or more of following: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in crowded area, being outside of home alone
fears or avoids because escape may be difficult, situations almost always provoke anxiety and are actively avoided, typically lasts 6 months or more
agoraphobia
what other disorder is agoraphobia often associated with?
panic disorder
Fear, anxiety in social situations when exposed to public scrutiny (eating, conversing)
Fear humiliation/embarrassment, leading to rejection
Fear typically lasts 6 months or more
Fear is exaggerated, causing distress/impairment
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety verse
Proverbs 29:25
recurrent unexpected panic attacks, peaking in minutes
Panic Disorder
panic disorder symptoms
includes at least 4 for the following: pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shaking, shortness of breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea, dizzy, chills hot flasshes, numbness, derealization, depersonalization, fear of going crazy, fear of dying
panic disorder timing
at least 1 attack followed by at least 1 month of fear or worry of another attack or significant change in behavior to avoid attack
how many people have panic attacks in life
25%
Most common mental disorder in the US?
anxiety disorders
presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both more than 1 hour per day causing distress
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
mental. persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts urges images, ideas, impulses causing anxiety
Obsessions
behavioral. repetitive behaviors (handwashing) or mental acts (counting) performed according to rigid rules. to reduce anxiety or prevent dreaded event, often in response to an obsession
Compulsive
What did Freud call OCD?
anal
OCD related disorders
body dysmorphic disorder (worried about flaws in appearance not apparent to others)
hoarding disorder
trichotillomania (hair pulling)
exoriation disorder (skin picking)
Verse about OCD related disorders
Proverbs 3:5-10
event that creates demand
stressor
person’s reactions to the demands
stress response
stress disorders
acute stress disorder, PTSD, dissociative disorders
PTSD symptoms
includes at least 1 of the following: recurrent, involuntary distressing memories, recurrent distressing dreams, dissociative reactions (flashbacks), intense reactions to cues associated with events
ptsd timing
increased arousal, and guilt at least 1 month
Acute stress Disorder timing
3 days to 1 month
Risk factors to PTSD
preexisting high anxiety and negative world view
spirituality factors for PTSD
- sovereignty of God
- omniscience of God
- goodness of God
How do clinicians treat people with PTSD and Acute stress Disorder?
Psychological debriefing
Dissociative Disorders (stress disorders)
depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder (formerly MPD)
experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of self (Depersonalization) or surroundings (Derealization)
(reality testing remains intact)
depersonalization/derealization disorder
Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic nature, not due to ordinary forgetting
Dissociative Amnesia
Disruption of identity caused by 2+ distinct personalities, recurrent gaps in recall of events, information in consistent with ordinary forgetting
Dissociative Identity Disorder
DID is NOT
schizophrenia
SRA has been what in Christian circles
discredited
Social Influence Theory suggests DID is the —- of seeing a therapist who believes in DID
result
Disorders of Mood
Depressive disorders, Mania
a low, sad state; life seems dark, it’s challenges overwhelming
Depression
person struggle with depression, no history of mania, mood returns to normal when depression lifts
unipolar
person struggles with periods of mania that alternate with periods of depression
bipolar
Depressive disorders
major depressive disorder, dysthymic, premenstrual, disruptive mood dysregulation
severe reucrrent tempter outbursts, inconsistent with developmental age
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder timing
average 3 times a week, between outbursts person is angry or irritable most of the day, every day, for at least 12 months, in at least 2 settings
at least 5 symptoms in week before menses
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
what is major depressive disorder often called?
clinical depression
at least 2 symptoms for at least 2 years (poor apettite, overeating, insomnia, hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, hoplessness
persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia
Bipolar disorders
Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
manic episode (at least 3 symptoms for at least 1 week)
Bipolar I disorder
bipolar I disorder timing
3 symptoms for 1 week
major depressive episode, hypomanic episode (symptoms of biopolar I manic episode for at least 4 days)
bipolar II
less severe hypomanic symptoms (not hypomanic episode) no major depressive disorder, lasts 2 years
cyclothymic disorder
biblical view of depression
depression is hopelessness
self-inflicted, intentional death
suicide
Somatic symptom and related disorders
Somatic symptom and related disorders
somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, facticious disorder, conversion disorder
somatic symptoms that are distressing or disrupt daily life
exessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms
somatic symptom disorder
somatic symptom disorder timing
symptoms are persistent/typically longer than 6 months
preoccupation with having a serious illness for at least 6 months
illness anxiety disorder
illness anxiety disorder symptoms
somatic symptoms are not present or mild, high anxiety, absence of somatic symptoms
previously knowns as Munchausen syndrome; imposed on self
falsification of physical/psychological symptoms or induction of injury or disease
Facticious Disorder
symptoms or altered motor or sensory functions not due to medical condition
conversion disorder
conversion disorder timing
less than 6 months- acute
more than 6 months- persistent
conversion disorder is
physical symptom without physical cause/basis
what did conversion disorder used to be called
hysteria
where is conversion disorder rooted in according to Freud?
hydraulic view of emotion (emotion is incompressable)
eating disorders
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder
feeding and eating disorders
pica - persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances (paper, soap, etc).
rumination disorder- repeated regurgitation of food for at least 1 month
- avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder - lack of interest in food resulting in significant weight loss
an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations
personality disorder
odd or eccentric (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
Cluster A
dramatic (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic)
Cluster B
anxious (avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive)
Cluster C
what is personality
a unique, long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior (consistent, flexible, ‘traits)
psychosis is a state defined by a loss of contact with reality. symptoms may include hallucinations or delusions
schizophrenia
behaviorally defined; problematic pattern related to substance use
Substance Use disorder